• Molecules and Cells
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.462-466
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• 2008

Adenoviruses are the most commonly used gene-delivery vectors due to the efficiency of their in vivo gene transfer. Since 1993, about 300 protocols using an adenoviral vector have been performed, although they have yet to be proven effective in clinical trials. The adenovirus-based vector has been continuously improved by modification of the adenoviral genome and capsid, and novel adenovirus-delivery systems, such as the carrier-cell delivery system, have been recently proposed. Adenovirus-based cancer gene therapy is fast becoming one component of a multi-modality treatment approach to advanced cancer, along with surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.1036-1042
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• 2014

In this study, we introduced the RRLR oligopeptide sequences on the surface of polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer and characterized the physical properties and gene carrier activity of the novel polymer using HEK 293, NIH3T3, and HeLa cells. The RRLR peptide sequences were derived from a mouse fibroblast growth factor 3 (FGF3) protein containing a bipartite NLS motif. The entire sequence of FGF3 is RLRRDAGGRGGVYEHLGGAPRRRK and it has two functional sequences RLRR and RRRK at N-terminus and C-terminus, respectively. In particular, PAMAM G4-RRLR conferred enhanced transfection efficiency and lower cytotoxicity compared with those of PEI 25 kDa, PAMAM G4-R, and PAMAM G4 in various cell lines. These results suggest that the introduction of N-terminal oligopeptides of FGF3 on the surface of PAMAM holds promise as an effective non-viral gene delivery carrier for gene therapy.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.279-285
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• 2006

Non-viral gene carriers continue to attract a great deal of interest due to advantageous safety profile. Among the non-viral gene carriers, cationic liposomes or synthetic gene carriers are efficient DNA carriers in vitro. but their in vivo applications are greatly hampered because of low biocompatibility. On the other hand, chitosan, a natural cationic polysaccharide, is a candidate non-viral vector for gene delivery because of its low cytotoxicity and high positive charges. In this work, targeted gene carrier was synthesized to target artery wall cells using low molecular water-soluble chitosan (LMWSC). The molecular weight $(M_W)$ and degree of de acetylation (DDA) of LMWSC were measured by relative viscometer and Kina titration. respectively. The structure of LMWSC was analyzed by measuring FTIR, $^1H-NMR,\;and\;^{13}C-NMR$. AWBP-PEG-g-LMWSC was synthesized by conjugation of the artery wall binding peptide (AWBP), a specific targeting peptide, to the end of pegylated LMWSC as a gene carrier to target artery wall cells. The synthesized AWBP-PEG-g-LMWSC were analyzed by measuring FTIR, $^1H-NMR$, zeta -potentiometer, and atomic force microscopy (AFM).

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.40-47
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• 2017

Granulosa cells, which surround the oocyte within the ovarian follicle, play an essential role in creating conditions required for the development of oocytes and follicles. The solute carrier family (SLC) is comprised of influx transporters of steroidal hormones, various drugs, and several other substrates. The differential expression of selected DEGs was confirmed using in situ hybridization analysis. SLC23A3 and SLC39A10 were highly expressed in the ovary. The SLC39A10 gene was expressed in the primordial follicle stage, but SLC23A3 was expressed in the growing follicle stage. Contrastingly, the expression of SLC23A3 was increased in granulosa cells at the growing follicle stage. The differential expressions of SLC23A3 and SLC39A10 between the primordial and primary follicles were additionally confirmed by using follicle isolations. The gene expression profile from the present study may provide insight for future studies on the mechanism(s) involved in primordial-primary follicular transition and suggestions to promote follicular development in ovarian dysfunction.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.24-29
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• 2002

Enoyl-Acyl Carrier Protein Reductase (Fabl) of bacteria is hem as an important target for new antibacterial drugs and plays a determinant role in completing cycles of elongation in type-H fatty acid synthase system. In this study, a fabI gene from Staphylococcus aureus 6538p cloned in pET-l4b vector and FabI protein was over-produced in Escherichaia coli BL2l (DE3). $NH_2$-terminal His-tagged FabI protein was purified by nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid (Ni-NTA) metalaffinity chromatography Purified 6xHis-tagged FabI showed a catalytic activity on tram - 2 - octenoyl - N -acethlcysteamine by utilizing NADPH as a cofactor. For the discovery of new FabI inhibitors from chemical libraries, a target-oriented screening system using a 96-well plate was developed. About 10,000 chemical libraries from Korea Chemical Bank wore tested in this screening system, and 26 chemicals (0.25%) among them showed an inhibitory activity against FabI enzyme. This result showed that a new screening system can be used for the discovery of new FabI inhibitors.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.100-108
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• 2007

Gene therapy has become a promising strategy for the treatment of genetically based diseases, such as cancer, which are currently considered incurable. A major obstacle in the field of cancer gene therapy is the development of a safe and efficient delivery system for therapeutic gene transfer. Non-viral vectors have attracted great interest, as they are simple to prepare, stable, easy to modify and relatively safe compared to viral vectors. In this review, an insight into the strategies developed for polyethylenimine (PEI)-based non-viral vectors has been provide, including improvement of the polyplex properties by incorporating hydrophilic spacer, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). Moreover, this review will summarize the strategies for the tumor targeting. Specifically, a targeted polymeric gene delivery system, PEI-g-PEG-RGD, will be introduced as an efficient gene delivery vector for tumor therapy, including its functional analysis both in vitro and in vivo.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.573-580
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• 2004

To prepare chitosan-based polymeric amphiphiles that can form nanosized core-shell structures (nanopar­ticles) in aqueous milieu, chitosan oligosaccharides (COSs) were modified chemically with hydrophobic cholesterol groups. The physicochemical properties of the hydrophobized COSs (COSCs) were investigated by using dynamic light scattering and fluorescence spectroscopy. The feasibility of applying the COSCs to biomedical applications was investigated by introducing them into a gene delivery system. The COSCs formed nanosized self-aggregates in aqueous environments. Furthermore, the physicochemical properties of the COSC nanoparticles were closely related to the molecular weights of the COSs and the number of hydrophobic groups per COS chain. The critical aggregation concentration values decreased upon increasing the hydrophobicity of the COSCs. The COSCs effi­ciently condensed plasmid DNA into nanosized ion-complexes, in contrast to the effect of the unmodified COSs. An investigation of gene condensation, performed using a gel retardation assay, revealed that $COS6(M_n=6,040 Da)$ containing $5\%$ of cholesteryl chloroformate (COS6C5) formed a stable DNA complex at a COS6C5/DNA weight ratio of 2. In contrast, COS6, the unmodified COS, failed to form a stable COS/DNA complex even at an elevated weight ratio of 8. Furthermore, the COS6C5/DNA complex enhanced the in vitro transfection efficiency on Human embryonic kidney 293 cells by over 100 and 3 times those of COS6 and poly(L-lysine), respectively. Therefore, hydrophobized chitosan oligosaccharide can be considered as an efficient gene carrier for gene delivery systems.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.65-71
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• 2002

We have utilized the PCR-RFLP method to detect the ryanodine receptor(RYR1) gene mutation and to estimate the genotype frequencies of the RYR1 gene in commercial crossbred pig population. The exon region(659bp) including point mutation(C ${\rightarrow}$T; Arg ${\rightarrow}$Cys) in the porcine ryanodine receptor gene, which is a causal mutation for PSS, was amplified by PCR and digested with Cfo I restriction enzyme. The RYR1 gene was classified into three genotypes by agarose gel electrophoresis. The normal homozygous(NN) individuals showed two DNA fragments consisted of 493 and 166bp. The mutant homozygous(nn) individuals showed only one DNA fragment of 659bp. Also, all three fragments(659, 493 and 166bp) were showed in heterozygous(Nn) carrier animals. The proportions of normal, carrier and PSS pigs within crossbred population of pigs were 81%, 15% and 4%, respectively. According to the results of analysis of variance for the association of genotypes of RYR1 of pigs at 30kg, day age at 90kg and average daily gains, the RYR1 nn genotype was very higher than RYR1 NN genotype for day age at 30kg with 5% level of significant difference, but no significant difference for association of any other genotypes with day age at 90kg and average daily gain in crossbred pigs. Therefore, DNA diagnosis by using PCR-RFLP analysis for the PSS gene was useful for large-scale screening of commercial pigs in the swine industry.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.501-506
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• 2010

Natural chitosan has high molecular weight and the poor solubility in water. Water-soluble chitosan with low molecular weight was prepared by the hydrolysis method. In order to develop an efficient gene delivery carrier, chitosan was conjugated with lipoic acid to form the comb-type copolymer. The copolymer with the amphiphilic property formed the self-assembled nanoparticles in the aqueous solution. The average size of nanoparticles was 217.6 nm and the average size of nanoparticles/DNA complex was 170 nm. New chitosan-lipoic acid copolymer showed the low cytotoxicity and 10 times higher transfection efficiency than that of the pure chitosan.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.5 no.6
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• pp.527-532
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• 2011

ESR1 has been listed in the Human Obesity Gene Map as candidate gene associated with obesity. Thus, in this study, we investigated the effect of the ESR1 rs1884051 polymorphism on obesity-related variables, together with their modulations by dietary intake in Korean men. The obesity-related variables and dietary intake of 3,039 Korean men aged 40-59 years from KoGES database were analyzed. Body weight (P = 0.007), BMI (P = 0.003), waist-hip ratio (= 0.011), fat body mass (P = 0.010), and body fat percentage (P = 0.040) were significantly lower in subjects with the minor T allele of ESR1 rs1884051 than in subjects carrying the C allele. Moreover, the rs1884051 T allele was associated with a decreased risk of obesity prevalence (P = 0.040). Among the subjects whose total energy intake was below the median, carrier of the minor T allele of ESR1 rs1884051 had a lower BMI (P = 0.003) when compared with subjects carrying the C allele. In addition, among subjects whose plant protein intake was above the median, carrier of the minor T allele of ESR1 rs1884051 had a lower BMI (P = 0.044) compared with subjects carrying the C allele. Our findings demonstrate that there is a significant association between the ESR1 rs1884051 variant and obesity-related variables and this association can be potentially modified by dietary energy and plant protein intake.