• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.442-447
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• 2001

A 2-year-old 4.0-kg female Shih Tzu with history of hematemesis and melena was referred to Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Seoul national University for further evaluation and treatment. During physical examination, the dog revealed mild depression, dry mucous membrane and abdominal pain. Hematologic values were normal and serum chemical values showed increased serum bile acid (53.47 umol/l, preprandial), fasting serum ammonia concentration (184 g/dl), alanine transferase (98 U/L), alkaline phosphatase (871 U/L) and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (21 U/L), and decreased blood urea nitrogen (4 mg/dl), total protein (4.1 g/dl) and albumin (1.2 g/dl). Microhepatica was shown in abdominal radiography. During the ultrasound examination, dilated tortuous vein communicating with caudal vena cava ws observed near the stomach. Intraoperative jejunal vein portography was performed during laparotomy to confirm the location and size of shunt vessel. According to history taking, physical examination, hematologic and serum chemical examination and radiographic study, it was diagnosed as single extrahepatic portosystemic shunt. The anomalous vessel (7 mm, o.d.) that enter the caudal vena cava from the left gastric vein, near the level of the diaphragm, was identified. A Ameroid constrictor (5 mm, i.d.) was applied to the shunting vessel near the caudal vena cava. Hematologic and serum chemical values recovered gradually and were revealed normal values 4 months after surgery. Four month after surgery serum bile acids concentrations were 0.56 $\mu$mol/l (preprandial) and 18.45 umol/l (postprandial). Abdominal radiograph showed normal gastric axis and it revealed normal size of the liver. Fine texture and increased echogenecity of liver and enlargement of portal vein were shown in ultrasonography. Single extrahepatic portosystemic shunt might be treated surgically using Ameroid constrictor.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.1344-1348
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• 2005

Moxibustion treatment gives stimulus to specific points in the meridian distributed on the body, and controls imbalance of Qi, blood stream, and, Yin and Yang. So this treatment is the way that prevents and cures diseases by making meridian flow normal. Moxibustion stimulating conditions have a great influence on the treatment results. So proper standards of stimulus are needed to expect effective treatment results. To know what number of moxibustions are needed to gain good treatment effects, I observed the gastrin level in blood after moxibustion on the Xiawan(CV10). Gastrin stimulates to secrete gastric acid. The followings are the results. After 1, 5, and 10 moxibustions everyday on each rat for 5 days, 1 compared what number of moxibustion had a good effect. The group of 5 moxibustions every day had a more significant effect. After moxibustions of 1, 5, and 10 coagulated moxas on each rat, 1 compared the effect of the size of coagulated moxa. The group of 5 and 10 coagulated moxas had a more significant effect. After the same moxibustions on each ract for 1, 5, and 10 days, 1 compared the effect of moxibustion terms. The group of 5 days moxibustion had a more significant effect. These results say that the treatment effect of moxibustion can be varied by the choice of points, and the size, the time, and the number of moxibustions can bring out different effects. I think that the proper size, the proper time, and the proper number of moxibustions can be more effective than the excessive moxibustions.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.191-195
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• 2012

아민화 젤라틴 미세캡슐은 젤라틴의 양이온인 amino 그룹과 후코이단의 음이온인 sulfate 그룹과의 이온결합으로 제조되었다. 후코이단의 농도가 증가할수록 미세캡슐의 유리아미노 그룹의 함량은 감소했으며, 또한 미세캡슐로부터의 방출 속도 역시 후코이단의 농도가 증가함에 따라 감소했고 pH 1.2인 인공위액에서의 방출 속도가 pH 7.4인 PBS 에서보다 더 빠른 것을 알 수 있었다. 아민화 젤라틴 미세캡슐은 일반 젤라틴 미세캡슐보다 유리 아미노 그룹의 함량이 높아 음전하를 띄고 있는 위점막에 점착력이 커짐을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구는 아민화 젤라틴 미세캡슐을 제조하고 점착력을 살펴본 것으로서, 본 연구결과를 토대로 amoxicillin을 캡슐화한 아민화 젤라틴 미세캡슐의 헬리코박터 저해능력에 대한 연구도 진행되어야 할 것이다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.348-353
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• 2006

In this study, a 40% ethanol extract of Chinese yam flour (Dioscoreae rhizoma), containing $177{\pm}58{\mu}g/mL$ of dioscin, was tested in order to evaluate its pharmacological effects on the gastrointestinal tracts of Sprague-Dawley rats. Via the ingestion of the Chinese yam extract, the secretion of gastric acid was suppressed in the rats, and gastrointestinal motility increased by as much as 10%. The fecal quantity of rats fed on the Chinese yam extract also increased, by more than 40% as compared with that of the controls. The Chinese yam extract was found not to affect the growth of normal intestinal bacteria. However, a great deal of lactose-fermenting bacteria was observed in the fecal samples of rats fed for 6 weeks on 2% Chinese yam extract. This finding would appear to suggest that Chinese yam extract not only induces an improvement in digestive capability, but also affects the conversion of some intestinal flora to helpful bacteria. Our serochemical analyses indicated that serum glucose, neutral lipid, and total cholesterol levels were reduced to some degree by long-term feeding on Chinese yam extract. This finding bolsters the notion that Chinese yam extract may prove helpful as a digestion-aiding agent for patients suffering from hyperglycemia or hyperlipidemia.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.305-318
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• 2023

This study investigated the protein digestibility of chicken breast and thigh in an in vitro digestion model to determine the better protein sources for the elderly in terms of bioavailability. For this purpose, the biochemical traits of raw muscles and the structural properties of myofibrillar proteins were monitored. The thigh had higher pH, 10% trichloroacetic acid-soluble α-amino groups, and protein carbonyl content than the breast (p<0.05). In the proximate composition, the thigh had higher crude fat and lower crude protein content than the breast (p<0.05). Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of myofibrillar proteins showed noticeable differences in the band intensities of tropomyosin α-chain and myosin light chain-3 between the thigh and breast. The intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence intensity of myosin was lower in the thigh than in the breast (p<0.05). Moreover, circular dichroism spectroscopy of myosin revealed that the thigh had higher α-helical and lower β-sheet structures than the breast (p<0.05). The cooked muscles were then chopped and digested in the elderly digestion model. The thigh had more α-amino groups than the breast after both gastric and gastrointestinal digestion (p<0.05). SDS-PAGE analysis of the gastric digesta showed that more bands remained in the digesta of the breast than that of the thigh. The content of proteins less than 3 kDa in the gastrointestinal digesta was also higher in the thigh than in the breast (p<0.05). These results reveal that chicken thigh with higher in vitro protein digestibility is a more appropriate protein source for the elderly than chicken breast.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2006

목적: 근위부 위절제술 후 식도-위 문합술을 시행받은 환자에서 문합부 협착, 역류성 식도염 등이 드물지 않게 발생한다. 저자들 역시 이러한 합병증을 경험하였고 이를 극복하기 위한 방법으로 공장간치술을 시행하였으며 식도-위 문합술과 공장간치술 간의 경과 관찰을 통해 보다 나은 재건 술식을 찾고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1998년 6월부터 2002년 12월까지 울산의대 서울아산병원 외과에서 상부위암 혹은 위상부의 위장관기질종양으로 진단받고 근위부 위절제술을 시행한 환자를 대상으로 재건 술식에 따른 수술시간, 수술 후 증상, 체중변화, 추적관찰 시 시행한 내시경 소견 등을 비교하였다. 결과: 대상 환자 총 33명의 평균연령은 59세였고, 남녀 비는 3 : 1이었다. 식도-위 문합술을 시행한 환자는 25명, 공장간치술을 시행한 환자는 8명이었다. 통과장애, 속쓰림, 신트림, 구토 등의 증상을 관찰하였으며 식도-위 문합술 환자에서 통과장애 12예, 구토 3예, 속쓰림 4예, 신트림 4예가 관찰되었으며, 공장간치술 환자에서는 통과장애 12예, 구토 3예가 있었고, 속쓰림과 신트림은 관찰되지 않았다. 수술 후 체중변화는 1개월 후 수술 전 체중의 90%까지 감소한 경우가 식도-위 문합술 환자에서 7예, 공장간치술 환자에서 없었다. 수술 후 추적 내시경 검사 결과 역류성 식도염이 관찰된 경우는 식도-위 문합술 환자에서 9예, 공장간치술 환자에서 0예였다. 문합부위 협착으로 인해 풍선 확장술이 필요하였던 경우가 식도-위 문합술 환자에서 4예, 공장간치술 환자에서 1예가 있었다. 결론: 상부 위절제 시 재건방법으로 역류성 식도염 및 여러 소화기 증상을 예방하기 위해 공장간치술이 식도-위문합술의 대안이 될 수 있다고 생각한다. 하지만 통계적 유의성을 가지기 위해 더 많은 대상군이 포함되어야 할 것이다.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.503-508
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• 2005

Screening for antilisterial activity was performed in about three thousand isolates of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from Chinese cabbage kimchi, and finally based on the relatively stronger antilisterial activities eight bacterial strains were selected. The bacteria were further characterized in terms of their tolerance to artificial gastric juice, pH 2.5, bile salts (0.3% oxgall), and to the different NaCl concentrations. Of the isolates, YK005 was especially investigated for its physiological characteristics due to its inhibitory activity against gram-positive Listeria monocytogenes as well as gram-negative Escherichia coli O157:H7, as they have been constantly reported to be resistant against bacteriocins produced by a number of LAB strains. YK005 was found to be rod-shaped, $3.8\;{\mu}m$ long ${\times}\;0.5\;{\mu}m$ wide, non-sporeforming, non-motile, catalase-negative, and produced gas from glucose (heterolactic). Based on the biochemical data obtained by API 50 CHL medium, the isolate was tentatively identified as Lactobacillus brevis. To validate the result obtained by the biochemical identification, rRNA-based PCR experiments using a pair of species-specific primers for L. brevis were conducted and a single band of 1400 bp was observed, which strongly indicated that YK005 belongs to L. brevis. The LAB isolates are potentially exploited as human probiotic organisms and are employed to control some food-borne pathogens like L. monocytogenes.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제25권9호
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• pp.1510-1518
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• 2015

In this work, we wanted to develop a probiotic from famous longevity villages in Korea. We visited eight longevity villages in Korea to collect fecal samples from healthy adults who were aged above 80 years and had regular bowel movements, and isolated lactic-acid-producing bacteria from the samples. Isolated colonies that appeared on MRS agar containing bromophenol blue were identified by means of 16S rRNA sequencing, and 102 of the isolates were identified as lactic-acid-producing bacteria (18 species). Lactobacillus fermentum was the most frequently found species. Eight isolates were selected on the basis of their ability to inhibit the growth of six intestinal pathogens (Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Typhimurium, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Enteritidis, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes) and their susceptibility to 15 antimicrobial agents. Among these eight isolates, four Lactobacillus fermentum isolates were found not to produce any harmful enzymes or metabolites. Among them, Lactobacillus fermentum isolate no. 24 showed the strongest binding to intestinal epithelial cells, the highest immune-enhancing activity, anti-inflammation activity, and anti-oxidation activity as well as the highest survival rates in the presence of artificial gastric juice and bile solution. This isolate, designated Lactobacillus fermentum PL9988, has all the characteristics for a good probiotic.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.41-45
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• 2014

In the present study, red ginseng extracts were fermented by Paecilomyces tenuipes and the protopanaxdiol-type ginsenosides in the extracts were bio-transformed to F2, Rg3, Rg5, Rk1, Rh2, and CK determined by a high-pressure liquid chromatography analysis. It indicates that P. tenuipes is a microorganism to biotransform protopanaxdiol-type ginsenosides to their less glucosidic metabolites. Other biotransformed metabolites during fermentation were also analyzed using a GC-MS and identified as 2-methyl-benzaldehyde, 4-vinyl-2-methylphenol, palmitic acid, and linoleic acid. Antiulcerogenic activity of the fermented red ginseng extract (FRGE) on gastric mucosal damage induced by 0.15 M HCl in ethanol in rats was evaluated. FRGE was shown to have a potent protective effect on gastritis with 60.5% of inhibition rate at the dose of 40 mg/kg when compared to 54.5% of the inhibition rate at the same dose for stillen, the currently used medicine for treating gastritis. Linoleic acid showed a strong inhibition on gastritis with 79.3% of inhibition rate at the dose of 40.0 mg/kg. FRGE exhibited a distinct anticancer activity including growth inhibition of the two human colon cancer cells HT29 and HCT116. HT29 cells were less susceptible to FRGE in comparison with HCT116 cells. Taken together, fungal fermentation of the red ginseng extract induced hydrolysis of some ginsenosides and FRGE exhibited potent antiulcerogenic and anticancer activities. These results refer to use FRGE as a new source for treating human diseases.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.113-118
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• 2012

Ginsenosides are low molecular weight glycosides found in ginseng that exhibit neuroprotective effects through inhibition of $N$-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor channel activity. Ginsenosides, like other natural compounds, are metabolized by gastric juices and intestinal microorganisms to produce ginsenoside metabolites. However, little is known about how ginsenoside metabolites regulate NMDA receptor channel activity. In the present study, we investigated the effects of ginsenoside metabolites, such as compound K (CK), protopanaxadiol (PPD), and protopanaxatriol (PPT), on oocytes that heterologously express the rat NMDA receptor. NMDA receptor-mediated ion current ($I_{NMDA}$) was measured using the 2-electrode voltage clamp technique. In oocytes injected with cRNAs encoding NMDA receptor subunits, PPT, but not CK or PPD, reversibly inhibited $I_{NMDA}$ in a concentration-dependent manner. The $IC_{50}$ for PPT on $I_{NMDA}$ was $48.1{\pm}4.6\;{\mu}M$, was non-competitive with NMDA, and was independent of the membrane holding potential. These results demonstrate the possibility that PPT interacts with the NMDA receptor, although not at the NMDA binding site, and that the inhibitory effects of PPT on $I_{NMDA}$ could be related to ginseng-mediated neuroprotection.