• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.19-27
• /
• 2008

The motivation mainly comes from the conditions of the (ordered) ideals to be prime or semiprime that are of importance and interest in (ordered) semigroups and in (ordered) $\Gamma$-semigroups. In 1981, Sen [8] has introduced the concept of the $\Gamma$-semigroups. We can see that any semigroup can be considered as a $\Gamma$-semigroup. The concept of ordered ideal extensions in ordered $\Gamma$-semigroups was introduced in 2007 by Siripitukdet and Iampan [12]. Our purpose in this paper is to introduce the concepts of the ordered n-prime ideals and the ordered n-semiprime ideals in ordered $\Gamma$-semigroups and to characterize the relationship between the ordered n-prime ideals and the ordered ideal extensions in ordered $\Gamma$-semigroups.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• v.4 no.3
• /
• pp.175-179
• /
• 1999

To develop a production method for modified starches with less pollution, pH adjustment and gamma irradiation were applied to commerical corn starch. Blue values were significantly decreased , while alkali number, optical transmittance and solubility markedly increased when gamma irradiation was applied to pH 2 adjusted corn starch. Water binding capacity and swelling power at pH 5 were the highest among the samples. Gelatinization viscosity was considerably affected by gamma irradiation and pH of the starch. Gamma irradiation of pH 2 adjusted starch showed the lowest peak viscosity and the best cooling stability among the tested samples . Therefore, the production of modified starch with low viscosity as well as with sufficient viscosity stability seems feasible by controlling the pH of the starch and gamma irrdiation.

• Journal of the Korean Physical Society
• /
• v.73 no.10
• /
• pp.1566-1570
• /
• 2018

We investigated the visible emission property of $SrTiO_3$ (STO) single crystals irradiated with gammy-ray (${\gamma}$-ray) at various total doses up to 900 kGy. The electric and optical absorption properties of the irradiated STO samples were hardly changed with the ${\gamma}$-ray irradiation, compared with those of un-irradiated STO. In contrast, the visible emission near 550 nm increased with the ${\gamma}$-ray dose increasing. While the development of the visible emission was indicative of the increase of oxygen vacancies inside STO by the ${\gamma}$-ray irradiation, the newly generated oxygen vacancies were not significantly harmful to the electric and optical properties of STO. We concluded that the STO single crystal should have a good tolerance against the damage by the ${\gamma}$-ray irradiation.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
• /
• v.51 no.6
• /
• pp.171-183
• /
• 2018

To celebrate the tenth anniversary since the launch of Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, we take a retrospect to a series of breakthroughs Fermi has contributed to pulsar astronomy in the last decade. Apart from significantly enlarging the population of ${\gamma}$-ray pulsars, observations with the Large Area Telescope onboard Fermi also show the population is not homogeneous. Instead, many classes and sub-classes have been revealed. In this paper, we will review the properties of different types of ${\gamma}$-ray pulsars, including radio-quiet ${\gamma}$-ray pulsars, millisecond pulsars, ${\gamma}$-ray binaries. Also, we will discuss the prospects of pulsar astronomy in the high energy regime.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
• /
• v.34 no.2
• /
• pp.451-464
• /
• 2019

In the present paper, we find the sharp bound for the fourth coefficient of starlike functions f which are normalized by f(0) = 0 = f'(0) - 1 and satisfy the following two-sided inequality: $$1+{\frac{{\gamma}-{\pi}}{2\;{\sin}\;{\gamma}}}\;<\;{\Re}\{{\frac{zf^{\prime}(z)}{f(z)}}\}\;<\;1+{\frac{{\gamma}}{2\;{\sin}\;{\gamma}}},\;z{\in}{\mathbb{D}}$$, where ${\mathbb{D}}:=\{z{\in}{\mathbb{C}}:{\left|z\right|}<1\}$ is the unit disk and ${\gamma}$ is a real number such that ${\pi}/2{\leq}{\gamma}<{\pi}$. Moreover, the sharp bound for the fifth coefficient of f defined above with ${\gamma}$ in a subset of [${\pi}/2,{\pi}$) also will be found.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
• /
• 2002.10a
• /
• pp.268.1-268.1
• /
• 2002

The G protein ${\gamma}$12 subunit (G${\gamma}$12) is widely-expressed and. given the extensive role of the ${\beta}$${\gamma}$ subunit (G${\beta}$${\gamma}$) in cell signaling. is a uniquely known substrate for protein kinase C. indicating phosphorylation as a potential regulatory mechanism. The mRNAs for numerous subtypes of putative G${\gamma}$s have been identified in mammalian tissues. but little is known about their expression in brain. so that the systemic survey of the localization of mRNAs encoding twelve of G${\gamma}$s in brain is needed to be performed. (omitted)

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.127-132
• /
• 2004

Ninety-two heads of sire, ranging from 4 to 8 years old, and semen production records of 8,628 from those sire and the performance and carcass traits from 814 heads of those offspring were used to investigate the relationships of scrotal circumference(SC) of Hanwoo sire to semen characteristics and performance, carcass traits of those offspring. Average SC of sire were 38.7 cm. The semen volume, sperm concentration and total sperm number at first and second ejaculation were 5.63 mL and 5.32 mL, $17.9{\times}108/mL$ and 15.0${\times}10^8$/mL, and 100.3${\times}10^8$/ ejaculation and 79.4${\times}10^8$/ejaculation, respectively. SC is positively correlated with semen volume(1st : ${\gamma}$=0.27, P<0.05 ; 2nd : ${\gamma}$=0.19, P<0.10), sperm concentration(1st : ${\gamma}$=0.21, P<0.05) and total sperm number(1st $:{\gamma}=0.38$, 2nd : ${\gamma}$=0.28, P<0.01). The live weights of those offspring were 49.2, 281.1, 436.3 and 534.4 kg at 6, 12, 18, 22 months old, respectively, and average daily gain(ADG) were 0.81 kg/day. And, carcass weight, longissimus dorsi area, backfat thickness and marbling score were 313.8 kg, 77.9 cm, 0.62 cm and 2.47, respectively. There were tended to be positive relationships between SC of sire and live weight of 6 months old(${\gamma}$=0.08, P<0.10), 12(${\gamma}$=0.18, P=0.10), 18(${\gamma}$=0.21, P<0.10), 22(${\gamma}$=0.20, P<0.10), ADG(${\gamma}$=0.25, P<0.05), carcass weight(${\gamma}$=0.18, P<0.10) and longissimus dorsi area(${\gamma}$=0.18, P<0.10) of those offspring. However, SC and backfat thickness, marbling score have no significant relationship. This results indicate that SC of sire was related to semen production and the gain weight of those offspring, positively. However, further investigation are needed to confirm the results.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.139-144
• /
• 1969

1. In order to obtain useful mutants such as early maturity, resistance to lodging, high protein and oil content, and capability of high yield, dormant seeds of two soybean varieties, Jang Dan Baik Mok and Clark, were treated with ${\gamma}$-ray, Ethyl Methane Sulfonate(EMS), Ethylene Imine(EI)and combinations of ${\gamma}$-ray and EMS or EI. 2. The germination rate and survival rate in a variety Jang Dan Baik Mok were significantly decreased with ${\gamma}$-ray treatment while it was not the same in the Clark variety. A significant decrease for seedling height measured at 14 and 21 days after sowing was found with the increase of ${\gamma}$-ray dose in both varieties. 3. Germination rates in both varieties were significantly decreased as EI concentration increases, particularly severe damage in germination was observed at 0.008 Mo. concentration. Germination rate damages were found with EMS concentration increases in the variety Jang Dan Baik Mok while no regular responses in seedling height were observed in the variety Clark. 4. Germination rate was significantly lowered with the combined treatment of EMS and ${\gamma}$-ray 24KR than that of EMS alone. In the treatments of ${\gamma}$-ray with three levels of EI concentration, the combined treatments except 24KR+EI 0.002 Mol. resulted in better germination than of EI alone. In both varieties, significant reduction in seedling height was observed in the combined treatments of ${\gamma}$-ray with various concentrations of EMS, whereas stimulation effect on seedling height was found with treatment of ${\gamma}$-ray EI +0.08Mol. 5. Germination rate, survival rate, and plant height as criteria of radio sensitivity, variety Jang Dan Baik Mok is moze sensitive to ${\gamma}$-ray, EMS, and EI than the variety Clark, and the varietal difference in responsibility to mutagen may be due to the genetic-constitution of the varieties.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.46 no.7
• /
• pp.702-709
• /
• 2003

Purpose : $IFN{\gamma}$ sentitizes many tumor cells to $TNF{\alpha}$ and FASL-mediated apoptosis by enhancing the expression of TNF or FAS/CD95 receptor and modulating the activation of caspase and Bcl-2 family. It has been reported that $IFN{\gamma}$ and $TNF{\alpha}$ synergistically caused differentiation and growth inhibition of neuroblastoma cells. Even though some neuroblastoma cell express FASR/FASL on the cell surface, they could not induce apoptosis by ligation of the FAS/CD95 receptor. But the treatment of $IFN{\gamma}$ is reported to induce apoptosis in some neuroblastoma cell lines through the CD95/CD95L autocrine circuit. In this study, we examined whether $IFN{\gamma}$ could affect $TNF{\alpha}$ and agonistic FAS/CD95 antibody(CH-11)-induced apoptosis against neuroblastoma cell lines that had shown diverse drug sensitivity and resistance. Methods : CHLA-15, CHLA-90 and LA-N-2 neuroblastoma cells were cultured in IMDM and treated with recombinant $IFN{\gamma}$, $TNF{\alpha}$ and CH-11 antibody. Cell viability was measured by DIMSCAN with a fluorescent calcein-AM. Apoptosis was analyzed through flow cytometry using Annexin V-PE and 7-ADD staining and confirmed by pancaspase and caspase-8 blocking experiments. The expression of TNF RI and FAS/CD95 receptor was evaluated by flow cytometry using the corresponding antibody and PE-conjugated secondary antibody. Results : $IFN{\gamma}$ or $TNF{\alpha}$ alone had no demonstrable cytotoxic effects, whereas both cytokines in combination induced apoptosis synergistically in CHLA-15 and CHLA-90 cells. Although there was no cytotoxicity with the ligation of CH-11 alone in CHLA-90 cells, pretreatment of $IFN{\gamma}$ increased the sensitivity of CH-11-mediated apoptosis. The expression of TNFRI and FAS/CD95R were non-specifically enhanced after treatment of $IFN{\gamma}$ without relation to sensitivity to $TNF{\alpha}$ and CH-11. This finding suggest up-regulation of both receptors may contribute to sensitization of $TNF{\alpha}$ and CH-11-mediated apoptosis by $IFN{\gamma}$ in only sensitive cell lines. Conclusion : $IFN{\gamma}$ induced sensitization of $TNF{\alpha}$ and agonistic FAS/CD95 antibody-mediated apoptosis on some neuroblastoma cells through up-regulation of TNFRI and FAS/CD95 receptor.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.58 no.1
• /
• pp.11-17
• /
• 2005

Background : Interferon-gamma ($IFN-{\gamma}$) is essential in the immune response to mycobacterial infections, and a complete or partial deficiency in the $IFN-{\gamma}$ receptor 1 ($IFN{\gamma}R1$) or the $IFN-{\gamma}$ receptor 2 ($IFN{\gamma}R2$) have been reported to confer susceptibility to a disseminated infection with nontuberculous mycobacteria. However, similar mutations in the $IFN-{\gamma}$ receptor have not been specifically examined in the patients with clinical tuberculosis. Methods : This study searched for mutations in the $IFN-{\gamma}$ receptor gene that resulted in a partial $IFN-{\gamma}$ receptor deficiency in six patients with disseminated tuberculosis. The previously identified $IFN{\gamma}R1$ and $IFN{\gamma}R2$ coding regions were sequenced after amplification. Results : There was no partial $IFN{\gamma}R1$ deficiency including a homozygous recessive missense mutation causing an amino-acid substitution in the extracellular domain of the receptor (I87T) and a hotspot for small deletions (818delT, 818del4, 818insA) found in any of the patients. In addition, a partial $IFN{\gamma}R2$ deficiency of the homozygous missense mutation (R114C) was not found in any of the patients. Conclusion : Genetic defects causing a partial $IFN-{\gamma}$ receptor deficiency were not identified in our patients with disseminated tuberculosis.