• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.389-395
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the combined effect of fatty acid synthase (FASN) and Acetyl CoA Carboxylase-${\alpha}$ (ACACA) genes on carcass traits of Korean cattle (Hanwoo). A total of 1,057 commercial Hanwoo cattle provided by the NongHyup Livestock Research Center (NLRC) and Hanwoo Performance Competition (HPC) were used to analyze the effect of four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within FASN (g.11280A>G, g.16024A>G, g.16039T>C, and g.17924A>G) and one SNP within ACACA (g.2274G>A) genes. In addition, the effect of genotypic combinations between FASN (g.17924A>G) and ACACA (g.2274G>A) SNPs has been studied with carcass traits. Significant associations were identified between g.17924A>G of FASN and carcass weight and back fat, and between the ACACA gene SNP g.2274G>A and longissimus muscle area with HPC samples. It was also found that both effects of FASN g.17924A>G and ACACA g.2274G>A polymorphisms were consistent in NLRC samples. Combined analyses of both NLRC and HPC samples also revealed the significant associations between the FASN g.17924A>G and carcass weight and back fat and between the ACACA g.2274G>A and back fat, respectively. The effect of the genotypic combination of g.17924A>G within FASN and g.2274G>A within ACACA genes showed that the combination of both GG genotypes of FASN and ACACA SNPs causes higher carcass weight and marbling score. The results of this study indicate that the two SNP markers within the FASN and ACACA genes can be utilized to select superior Hanwoo cows and calves in commercial Hanwoo farms.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.230-238
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• 2020

Carcass traits are the most economically important traits in Hanwoo (Korean cattle). Recently, the development of the field of genomics has made it possible to identify DNA markers for the genetic evaluation of carcass and meat quality traits in beef cattle. The objective of this study was to assess the genetic effects of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers related to carcass traits by field evaluations in a commercial Hanwoo population. We evaluated 15 SNP markers (TG g.371T>C, APM1 g.1454G>A, FABP4 g.2834C>G, FABP4 g.3533T>A, FABP4 g.3691G>A, SCD g.10153A>G, SCD g.10329T >C, CPE g.601T>C, EDG1 g.166A>G, NPY g.4271T>C, GPD1 g.2766C>T, PDE1B g.17122A>G, PDE1B g.17507A>C, TNNT1 g.6650C>T, and RORC g.20152A>G) related to carcass traits in Hanwoo. Genotyping of these SNP markers was performed using PCR-RFLP analysis in Hanwoo steers (n = 1,536) to evaluate their association with carcass traits. Seven SNPs, APM1 g.1454G>, FABP4 g.3691G>A, SCD g.10153A>G, CPE g.601T>C, PDE1B g.17122A>G, TNNT1 g.6650C>T, and RORC g.20152A>G, were significantly associated with carcass traits such as marbling score (MS), backfat thickness (BF), musculus longissimus dorsi area (LDA), carcass weight (CW), meat grade (MG), meat color (MC), and maturity score (MA). The results suggest that these SNPs may be used as DNA markers for the selection of Hanwoo with higher meat quality.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.25 no.1_2
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• pp.383-388
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• 2007

A (g, f)-factor F of a graph G is Called a Hamiltonian (g, f)-factor if F contains a Hamiltonian cycle. The binding number of G is defined by $bind(G)\;=\;{min}\;\{\;{\frac{{\mid}N_GX{\mid}}{{\mid}X{\mid}}}\;{\mid}\;{\emptyset}\;{\neq}\;X\;{\subset}\;V(G)},\;{N_G(X)\;{\neq}\;V(G)}\;\}$. Let G be a connected graph, and let a and b be integers such that $4\;{\leq}\;a\;<\;b$. Let g, f be positive integer-valued functions defined on V(G) such that $a\;{\leq}\;g(x)\;<\;f(x)\;{\leq}\;b$ for every $x\;{\in}\;V(G)$. In this paper, it is proved that if $bind(G)\;{\geq}\;{\frac{(a+b-5)(n-1)}{(a-2)n-3(a+b-5)},}\;{\nu}(G)\;{\geq}\;{\frac{(a+b-5)^2}{a-2}}$ and for any nonempty independent subset X of V(G), ${\mid}\;N_{G}(X)\;{\mid}\;{\geq}\;{\frac{(b-3)n+(2a+2b-9){\mid}X{\mid}}{a+b-5}}$, then G has a Hamiltonian (g, f)-factor.

• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.211-216
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• 2009

Let G be a Denjoy domain and let G' a Denjoy proper subdomain of G and homeomorphic to G. We consider conformal re-imbeddings of G' into G. Let G and G' are N-connected. We know that if N = 2, there is a re-imbedding f of G' into G such that G - cl(f(G')) has an interior point. In this note, we obtain the following theorem. If $N{\geq}3$, G has a Denjoy proper subdomain G' such that, for any re-imbeddings f of G' into G, G - cl(f(G') has no interior point.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.1613-1622
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• 2008

Let G be a graph with vertex set V(G) and edge set E(G), and let g, f be two nonnegative integer-valued functions defined on V(G) such that $g(x)\;{\leq}\;f(x)$ for every vertex x of V(G). We use $d_G(x)$ to denote the degree of a vertex x of G. A (g, f)-factor of G is a spanning subgraph F of G such that $g(x)\;{\leq}\;d_F(x)\;{\leq}\;f(x)$ for every vertex x of V(F). In particular, G is called a (g, f)-graph if G itself is a (g, f)-factor. A (g, f)-factorization of G is a partition of E(G) into edge-disjoint (g, f)-factors. Let F = {$F_1$, $F_2$, ..., $F_m$} be a factorization of G and H be a subgraph of G with mr edges. If $F_i$, $1\;{\leq}\;i\;{\leq}\;m$, has exactly r edges in common with H, we say that F is r-orthogonal to H. If for any partition {$A_1$, $A_2$, ..., $A_m$} of E(H) with $|A_i|=r$ there is a (g, f)-factorization F = {$F_1$, $F_2$, ..., $F_m$} of G such that $A_i\;{\subseteq}E(F_i)$, $1\;{\leq}\;i\;{\leq}\;m$, then we say that G has (g, f)-factorizations randomly r-orthogonal to H. In this paper it is proved that every (0, mf - (m - 1)r)-graph has (0, f)-factorizations randomly r-orthogonal to any given subgraph with mr edges if $f(x)\;{\geq}\;3r\;-\;1$ for any $x\;{\in}\;V(G)$.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2010

A previous study has shown that the g.17924G>A polymorphism of fatty acid synthase (FASN) is associated with unsaturated fatty acid composition in the Hanwoo beef, hence this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within FASN gene on the selection phenotypes of Hanwoo breeding stock. A total of 925 progeny test steers were used to genotype g.11280G>A, g.13125T>C, and g.17924G>A polymorphisms and significant associations were found among g.11280G>A, g.17924G>A, and carcass traits, such as carcass weight, backfat thickness, and beef quantity index. No significant association was found between g.13125T>C and carcass traits. Although the degree of linkage disequilibrium (LD) was not strong among g.11280G>A, g.13125T>C, and g.17924G>A in the LD analysis, four major haplotype classes were formed with the genotypic information within the FASN gene; the frequencies of the halpotypeswere -GCG-[0.378], -ATG-[0.301], -GTA-[0.191], and -ACG-[0.063], respectively. Phenotypic association was performed among these haploptypes, and the haplotype 2 (-ATG-)was significantly associated with higher carcass weight when compared to the other haplotypes, i.e. haplotype 1 (-GCG-) and haplotype 3 (-GTA-). A copy number of the FASN haplotype 3 (-GTA-) had also a significant association with carcass weight of subjects. In conclusion, it was observed that two polymorphisms (g.11280G>A and g.17924G>A) and their haplotypes within the FASN gene are consistently associated with carcass traits. Therefore, it is desirable to use the FASN polymorphisms for pre-selection program as genetic marker with improved carcass yield and beef quality of the Hanwoo sire at the Hanwoo Improvement Center as well as for commercial Hanwoo producers, the FASN genotypic information can be used for a part of selecting Hanwoo dam for superior calf production.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.32 no.1_2
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• pp.255-266
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• 2014

For a connected graph G = (V,E) of order at least two, a set S of vertices of G is a monophonic set of G if each vertex v of G lies on an x - y monophonic path for some elements x and y in S. The minimum cardinality of a monophonic set of G is the monophonic number of G, denoted by m(G). Certain general properties satisfied by the monophonic sets are studied. Graphs G of order p with m(G) = 2 or p or p - 1 are characterized. For every pair a, b of positive integers with $2{\leq}a{\leq}b$, there is a connected graph G with m(G) = a and g(G) = b, where g(G) is the geodetic number of G. Also we study how the monophonic number of a graph is affected when pendant edges are added to the graph.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.733-739
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to evaluate combination of each of g.15532 C>A, g.17924 G>A SNP of FASN gene and beef quality grade of progeny in Hanwoo cow. In order to analyze the SNPs, genomic DNA was obtained from 270 Hanwoo cow and their progeny steer and g.15532 C>A and g.17924 G>A SNP was genotyped using single-based extension. Employing GLM as a statistical model. g.15532 C>A and g.17924 G>A SNP have a significant effect in Hanwoo steer but no significant effect in Hanwoo cow. Combination of each of g.15532 C>A, g.17924 G>A SNP and beef quality grade of progeny have a significant effect on marbling score in Hanwoo cow. Therefore, we suggest that g.15532 C>A and g.17924 G>A SNP contribute to genetic improvement on marbling score in Hanwoo cow.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2021

A dominating set S of a graph G is said to be nonsplit dominating set if the subgraph ⟨V - S⟩ is connected. The minimum cardinality of a nonsplit dominating set is called the nonsplit domination number and is denoted by ��ns(G). For a minimum nonsplit dominating set S of G, a set T ⊆ S is called a forcing subset for S if S is the unique ��ns-set containing T. A forcing subset for S of minimum cardinality is a minimum forcing subset of S. The forcing nonsplit domination number of S, denoted by f��ns(S), is the cardinality of a minimum forcing subset of S. The forcing nonsplit domination number of G, denoted by f��ns(G) is defined by f��ns(G) = min{f��ns(S)}, where the minimum is taken over all ��ns-sets S in G. The forcing nonsplit domination number of certain standard graphs are determined. It is shown that, for every pair of positive integers a and b with 0 ≤ a ≤ b and b ≥ 1, there exists a connected graph G such that f��ns(G) = a and ��ns(G) = b. It is shown that, for every integer a ≥ 0, there exists a connected graph G with f��(G) = f��ns(G) = a, where f��(G) is the forcing domination number of the graph. Also, it is shown that, for every pair a, b of integers with a ≥ 0 and b ≥ 0 there exists a connected graph G such that f��(G) = a and f��ns(G) = b.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.38 no.3_4
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• pp.221-238
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• 2020

Let G = (V (G), E(G)) be a graph and let g : V (G) → S₃ be a function. For each edge xy assign the label r where r is the remainder when o(g(x)) is divided by o(g(y)) or o(g(y)) is divided by o(g(x)) according as o(g(x)) ≥ o(g(y)) or o(g(y)) ≥ o(g(x)). The function g is called a group S₃ cordial remainder labeling of G if |v_g(i)-v_g(j)| ≤ 1 and |e_g(1)-e_g(0)| ≤ 1, where v_g(j) denotes the number of vertices labeled with j and e_g(i) denotes the number of edges labeled with i (i = 0, 1). A graph G which admits a group S₃ cordial remainder labeling is called a group S₃ cordial remainder graph. In this paper, we prove that subdivision of graphs admit a group S₃ cordial remainder labeling.