• 패션비즈니스
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 1998

In this study fashion illustrations published in American Vogue from 1960 to 1989 were investigated. Among the large number of illustrations published in American Vogue in this period a considerable number of illustrations was chosen: from 1960 to 1969 143 editorial illustrations and 333 advertisement illustrations; from 1970 to 1979 34 editorial illustrations and 168 advertisement illustrations; from 1980 to 1989 123 editorial illustrations and 81 advertisement illustrations. In studying those illustrations the main point was put in finding characteristics and the changing trend of fashion Illustrations. In the sixties editorial fashion illustrations were published mainly during early sixties. The Illustrations of Rene Bouch, Evelyn Marcil, Dagmar and Eunice Moore Sloane took the space of editorials. Among those Illustrators Bouch published most frequently. The companies such as Galey & Lord, Lord & Taylor, Bergdorf Goodman, Bonwit Teller etc. used fashion illustrations for the advertisement. The name Kenneth Paul Block, Babara Pearlman and Dorothy Hood can be found very frequently on the illustrations for those companies. Antonio Lopez too published in 1963 some advertisement illustrations. In the seventies the total number of editorial fashion illustrations diminished drastically compared to the number in the sixties. Antonio published in 1973 and 74 fifteen illustrations, Joe Eula published from 1976 to 79 thirteen illustrations, and beside them Mats Gustavson published in 1978 six illustrations. The number of advertisement illustrations decreased a little, but many companies used fashion illustrations for the advertisement. The illustrator who worked most actively were Block and Fred Greenhill. In the eighties editorial illustrations experienced a "Renaissance". New high-level illustrators appeared and new fashion illustration magazines were found. Antonio played a central role among illustrators published for editorials in Vogue. In addition to him 15 other illustrators including Mats and Eula with various styles worked for editorials. In contrast to the flourishment of editorial illustrations the number of advertisement illustrations decreased compared to seventies as a result of the domination of fashion photography in this area. Today only few fashion illustrations can be found in fashion magazines. The magazines are dominated by fashion photographs. However fashion illustrations will not totally perish from fashion magazines, because it still has some valuable functions in fashion advertisement. Those functions cannot be fulfilled by photography. Therefore fashion illustration will survive in fashion magazine but playa minor role compared to photography.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.305-315
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• 2016

The purpose of this paper was to analyze the role of illustrations in elementary textbooks (3~4 grade) of the 2009 revised curriculum of science education in Korea from point of view of aim of science by applying the criteria of 5E inquiry process model for reflecting core aim of the science education. The subjects of the paper was the 105 illustrations in the earth-science domain of elementary science textbooks (3~4 grade) of the 2009 revised curriculum of science education in Korea. The analysis criterion was of two categories, the function of illustration and the role of illustration. the function of illustration was divided into three subcategories such as Exclusiveness type, correspondence type and supplementary type. The role of illustration was divide into five subcategories such as Engagement, Exploration, Explanation, Elaboration and Evaluation. According to results of the illustration analysis are as follows: the result of the function of illustration are exclusiveness type 39, correspondence type 36 and supplementary type 30, the important of point to note is that there are a lot of exclusiveness type considerably. compared with other subjects, this fact indicate character of illustration of the only science textbook. The result of the role of illustration are Engagement 14, exploration 64, explanation 25, elaboration 2 and evaluation 0. This data indicate main role of illustrations in earth-science domain is to help the students to be able to observe and explore. Cross-analysis of the function and role was a significant difference. Role of illustration was evenly distributed within Exclusiveness type on the other hand, the role of illustrations was mainly exploration and explanation in correspondence and supplementary type. Especially, illustration of exploration was mainly correspondence type.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.618-629
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• 2023

우리 사회는 다양성이 점차 커져가고 있으나 초등 과학 교과서를 인종이나 장애의 측면에 분석한 연구는 거의 없다. 이에 본 연구에서는 초등 과학 교과서에 제시된 인물 삽화의 다양성을 다문화와 장애의 측면에서 분석하였다. 분석 대상은 2015 개정 교육과정 검정 초등 과학 교과서 중 3학년 1, 2학기 교과서 7종 총 14책이었다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 초등 과학 교과서에 제시된 인물 삽화의 인종을 분석한 결과, 3학년 과학 교과서에 제시된 인물 삽화 중 다문화 인물 삽화는 8.2%로 실제 국내 거주 외국인 비율보다 높게 나타났다. 그리고 인종별로는 백인 삽화가 가장 많고 아시아계 외국인 삽화가 가장 적어, 아시아계 외국인이 많은 우리나라 상황과는 다른 분포로 제시되고 있었다. 출판사별로는 이 분포에 상당한 차이가 있었다. 둘째, 다문화 인물 삽화의 성별 분포는 남성이 59.0%, 여성이 41.0%로 차이가 있었으며, 일부 출판사는 남성 다문화 인물이 80%에 이르는 등 출판사에 따라 성별 편차가 상당히 크게 나타났다. 셋째, 삽화의 기능 측면에서 한국인과 다문화 인물 삽화의 분포는 설명적 기능의 삽화가 가장 많고, 다음으로 예시적 삽화, 장식적 삽화, 보충적 기능의 삽화 순으로 유사하게 나타났다. 마지막으로 초등 과학 교과서의 인물 삽화를 장애 다양성 측면에서 분석한 결과, 장애인의 비율은 2.0%로, 국내 장애인 비율보다 적은 비율이었다. 인종과 장애의 측면에서 우리나라의 상황과 다양성을 고려할 필요성에 대해 논의하였다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제14권9호
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• pp.622-633
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• 2014

본 연구는 2009개정 교육과정에 따라 2013년부터 적용된 고등학교 영어I 교과서에 실린 삽화의 문화권 표현의 특징, 내용과의 관련성 및 외형적 특징에 대해 분석하고, 실제 학교 현장에서의 교사와 학생을 대상으로 설문을 실시함으로 삽화에 대한 인식을 살펴보고, 보다 더 좋은 교과서를 제작할 수 있도록 하는데 그 목적을 두었다. 연구를 위해 고등학교 영어교과서 삽화에 나타나는 공통적인 특징들을 분류하여 4가지의 분석 기준을 고안하였고, 그 내용은 삽화에 나타난 문화권 표현, 삽화의 표현유형, 삽화의 표현기법, 삽화의 언어의 기능별 제시로 구분하였다. 설문 내용은 고등학교 교사를 대상으로 삽화와 교과내용과의 관련성, 삽화의 배치와 구성, 학습자의 학습 흥미도와 인지적 측면, 교수 및 학습 용이성, 언어의 기능과의 연계성으로 제작하였고, 학생들을 대상으로는 삽화에의 친숙성, 흥미도, 학습 용이성, 선호하는 표현기법과 표현재료로 제작하였다. 설문을 실시한 결과 학생들의 교수 학습 효과를 높이기 위해 교수 및 학습 용이성을 높이고, 학생들이 친근하게 느낄 수 있는 삽화개발이 요구되었다.

• 턱관절균형의학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.13-16
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• 2012

Objectives: The quadrant theorem is a theorem proposed by C. M. Guzay in the field of functional, holistic dentistry. There are not much of scientific literature on the quadrant theorem. This study briefly reviewed basic concepts of quadrant theorem. Methods: A publication by Guzay and research articles were searched and reviewed. The quadrant theorem is depicted as a series of illustrations and accompanied explanations. Results: The primary concept of the quadrant theorem was presented in 1952. Based on geometric biophysics of the occlusion and related anatomical functions, physiological pivotal axis of the mandible is analyzed to occurs at the dens (the sub-atlas area). Composite muscular activity links the mandibular posture with C1-C2, which is then linked with the spinal posture. Twenty illustrations are progressively presented on the physiognomy, occlusion, and analysis of anatomical functions. The balanced distribution of the forces gives the durability of the functions in life. Conclusions: The quadrant theorem provides a functional linkage between the mandibular posture and the upper cervical vertebrae.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제22권8호
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• pp.978-989
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is enrich the expressivity in fashion illustrations by looking into the expression of humor which is seen in the fashion illustration. In addition, this study is expected to provide a theoretical basis to the people whose works are concern with Fashion design. It is the fashion illustration that expresses the specific concept that accords with the purpose of drawing. And we need to create our own techniques freely and to develop them into higher ones. In this view, we can say that the humor in the fashion illustrations shows us the new world of expression. And we can also say that it fills the roles of social functions to purify human emotions with helping the communication between people in our highly developed society. Finally, the expression of humor in fashion illustrations can be described as followings. First, they are relate with the superiority, disparity, psychic release in the theory of humor's origin. Second, the image of humor can be induced by changing the figure of human body. Third, it can be encouraged by contrasting the different fashion images. Forth, we can use well-known icons that cause the humor does not only give us laugh but also reflect the era, society enlarge the range of expression in fashion illustrations.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.340-347
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• 2008

A prototype of 3D clothing design system with a direct pattern development function was suggested, reflecting intuitive design functions and design modifications while considering the fit of clothing patterns with the 3D human body in the virtual 3D space. The research method was as follows. Clothing models were created using a 3D design tool, 3ds max on the surface of 3D human body model made by scanning an actual human body. 3D illustrations were completed by revising the fit and sizing of the human body and clothing models. 2D T-shirt pattern was produced 3D illustrations using from a 3D scanning data modeling solution RapidForm 2004, a 2D conversion program for 3D data called 2C-AN, and Yuka CAD. As a result, the following conclusions were made. The fit of the clothing and human body can be adjusted by reflecting individual body figure characteristics and 3D illustrations over the actual 3D body model. Furthermore, intuitive design support functions were intensified overcoming the weak point of existing 3D clothing design system by developing the direct clothing design in the virtual 3D space. 3D illustration design modifications can be directly reflected on clothing patterns from 3D illustrations by 3D clothing design system developed in this study.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.111-126
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• 2011

Cultural collage phenomena came to the fore where various differing elements combined to make a reality in the post-modern culture. Collage, a technique with which to express a unique sense of texture has been used since a long time ago by fashion illustrators, finds itself expressed in much more diverse forms and characteristics, and its meanings changed, too. The purpose of this study is to analyze the formative characteristics of collage as expressed in fashion illustrations since 2000s and look into its aesthetic meanings, and in doing so, examine effects of changes along the times that have sought plural diversity on fashion illustrations. This study selected and examined from various collage techniques three collage expression techniques including papier colle, photo montage and assemblage frequently used as techniques of fashion illustrations. Papier colle technique expressed in fashion illustration simplify forms, thereby stressing linear elements, and express lines and planes At the same time, such works provide depth to planar spaces by overlapping objects and putting together differing elements, In fashion illustrations utilizing photo montage more than one images taken from photos are cut up and reconstructed, where illusory and sometimes shocking images are conveyed through particular forms or unrealistic compositions created by casual combination of unrelated images. Unique and eccentric images are conveyed by means of assemblage through the combination of various kinds of heterogeneous materials in fashion illustrations. This not only conveys fashion images sensitively but presents each fragment as objets regardless of its original functions, and attempts at new concepts.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.1025-1036
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• 2003

Variable selection algorithm for principal component analysis using penalty function is proposed. We use the fact that usual principal component problem can be expressed as a maximization problem with appropriate constraints and we will add penalty function to this maximization problem. Simulated annealing algorithm is used in searching for optimal solutions with penalty functions. Comparisons between several well-known penalty functions through simulation reveals that the HARD penalty function should be suggested as the best one in several aspects. Illustrations with real and simulated examples are provided.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제28권7호
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• pp.811-824
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• 2007

사진과 삽화는 현행 과학 교과서에서 핵심적인 시각적 표상 요소이다. 본 연구에서는 6차와 7차 교육과정에 따른 고등학교 지구과학 교과서에 사용된 사진과 삽화의 기능 및 구조를 비교 분석하였다. 기능 분석 결과, 6차와 7차 모두 예시적 기능이 차지하는 비율이 압도적으로 높았으며, 보충적 기능의 비율이 가장 낮았다. 7차의 경우 사진과 삽화의 기능들이 6차에 비해 다양해졌는데, 이것은 지구과학 II 보다는 I에서 보다 두드러지게 나타났다. 특히, 6차에서는 극히 미미하게 나타났던 보충적 기능과 설명적 기능이 7차에서는 증가하였으며, 장식적 기능 또한 전반적으로 증가한 것으로 분석되었다. 구조 분석 결과, 6차에 비해 7차에서 참조가 현저하게 감소하여 본문과의 연계성 면에서 오히려 퇴보한 것으로 분석되었다. 단독 사진이나 삽화에 비해 다중 구성의 비율이 증가한 것으로 나타났으나, 짝이나 연속 구성에서는 발전된 점이 나타나지 않았다. 앞으로의 과학 교과서 개발에서 사진과 삽화의 기능에서 탐구적 기능을, 구조에서 보완적 구성을 추가할 것과 사진과 삽화를 포함한 시각적 표상의 기능과 구조 측면을 과학 교과서 검정 준거로 활용할 것을 논의하였다.