• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.147-154
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• 2022

The Mongolian lingonberry and blueberry are two essential food sources found in Mongolia. This study investigated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of methanol extracts from Mongolian lingonberry (LBE) and blueberry (BBE). Compared to the LBE, the BBE showed higher total phenolic, flavonoid, and anthocyanin contents, as well as antioxidant capacities. The LBE and BBE inhibited the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory genes, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and cyclooxygenase (COX-2) in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. In addition, the LBE and BBE inhibited NADPH oxidase-2 (Nox2) mRNA expression, indicating that they have cellular antioxidant capacities. Anthocyanin derivatives of the LBE and BBE were analyzed using LC-QTOF/MS. Six anthocyanins were identified in the BBE, while one was detected in the LBE. Our findings demonstrate that the anthocyanin-rich LBE and BBE could be used as functional food sources in Mongolia.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.155-162
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• 2022

This study investigated the immunostimulatory effect of enzymatic porcine placental hydrolyzate (EPPH) in cyclophosphamide (Cy)-treated rats. This effect of EPPH prevented Cy-induced decreases in body, spleen, and thymus weights and natural killer (NK) cell activity. The numbers of immune cells, such as white blood cells, granulocytes, and lymphocytes, and mid-range absolute counts were significantly higher compared to the control group. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-12, and immunoglobulin G (IgG) were notably reduced by Cy, while EPPH prevented these effects. Histopathological analysis of spleen samples revealed the protective effect of EPPH against Cy-induced immunosuppression. The findings demonstrate that EPPH can alleviate immunosuppression by cell viability, tissue damage, and regulation of the levels of cytokines. EPPH may have value as a component of immunostimulatory agents or an ingredient in functional foods.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.60 no.3
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• pp.276-282
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• 2022

Close communication between clinicians and dental technicians is an important factor in providing successful prostheses. The exchange of opinions with laboratories has mainly been in the form of written prescriptions and a photos, but it has been reported that information transmission may be limited. Currently, as digital technology-based prosthesis fabrication is common, 3D image objects can be stored on the web and can be easily viewed through a mobile web browser. In this article, we introduce cases where the design of the prosthesis was improved by designing the prosthesis using CAD software and reviewing the prosthesis designed with the clinical side through a web viewer. Through this protocol, it was possible to improve the occlusal surface and crown contour, the opposing teeth condition, the size of the gingival embrasure, and the shape of pontic. The process of sharing, discussing, and modifying the prosthesis design with the clinician and technician through a web viewer contributes to reflecting the diversity of oral conditions and individualized needs, thereby helping to make functional and esthetic prostheses.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.151-166
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• 2022

Museum is the carrier and symbol of history and cultural accumulation, and the museum cultural relics are clues with the spirit of history. Moreover, the museum cultural and creative products are portable history. Museum has changed form the traditional "object-basic" model to the modern "people-basic" model, which pays more attention to its living inheritance. Therefor, the museum cultural and creative products is also the way of expression of its living inheritance. This paper analyzes the opportunities and difficulties of cultural and creative products of Chinese museums by means of network survey, field survey and expert interview. In order to improve the design method of cultural and creative products. By exploring the cultural connotation, broadening the functional factors, innovating the design factors and creating the empathy factor between products and people to explore and the verify. Trying to make up the imperfect design methods of cultural and creative products in small and medium-sized museums which leads to the lack of function, innovation and communication of cultural and creative products. We try to attract more people's attention, spread traditional culture and realize the resonance between people and objects.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.41-53
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• 2022

Objective : The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the vocational rehabilitation evaluation tool for the mentally disabled. Methods : For literature search, the Pubmed database was used, and for the analysis, the development year, evaluation method, number of items, scale, and evaluation items were analyzed. In the analysis method, each evaluation item was divided into four categories: function, internal factor, environment, and mental symptom, and the evaluation elements of each evaluation tool were identified. Results : When searching Pubmed through search terms, 161 documents were retrieved. According to the selection method, Griffiths Work Behavior Scale (GWBS), Occupational Functioning Scale (OFS), Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS), Work Ability Index (WAI), Work Behavior Inventory (WBI), Work Environment Impact Scale (WEIS), and Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS) were screened. The evaluation items of all evaluation tools included job-related functional evaluation. According to the purpose of each evaluation tool, internal factors, environment, and mental symptoms were measured. Conclusion : Occupational skills are skills in which various functions such as physical, cognitive, social skills, and coping skills act in a complex way. Therefore, it is necessary to include the four factors analyzed in this study: function, internal factors, environment, and psychiatric symptoms.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.27 no.12
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• pp.239-249
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• 2022

This study attempted to categorize the motivation for participation in leisure sports and analyze the difference in consumer demand for leisure sports wear according to the type. As a result of the analysis, the functionality of the preferred material consisted of movement, comfort, and body temperature maintenance. When purchasing, the factors to consider were extracted such as basic emphasis, emphasis on flaunting, and emphasis on practicality. The improvement requirement was composed of basic function improvement and various function additional factors, and the purchase satisfaction factor was composed of three factors: brand, practicality, design, and functionality. Motives for participation in marine leisure sports were grouped into mania, leisure, and health types. As for the functionality of the preferred material, the mania type and leisure type preferred movement, comfort, and body temperature maintenance functionality over the health type. As for the factors to consider when purchasing, the mania type and leisure type had higher consideration for the factors of basic emphasis, ostentation, and practicality than the health type. In the improvement requirements, both basic function improvement and various function additions had the highest mania type and the lowest health type. In terms of purchase satisfaction factors, practicality and brand were found to have a high leisure type, and functional factors were found to have a high mania type. For the enthusiastic group, it is thought that product development should focus on functionality and additional functions, and health types should be focused on design and utilization.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.63-74
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• 2022

Objectives : Skin aging is generally characterized by wrinkles, sagging, loss of elasticity roughness, pigmentation and dryness. This changes is caused by reducing the elements constituting the extracellular matrix contributing to the physiological properties of the skin, such as collagen fiber, elastic fiber, and hyaluronic acid. Adequate skin hydration is important to maintain normal skin function and reduce skin aging. The present study is objective to observe skin moisturizing effects of Unripe apple(UA, Immature fruit of Malus pumila Mill) in vivo and its underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods : ICR mice were orally administerd UA(100, 200 and 400mg/kg/day) for 8 weeks, and skin water contents and the expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-𝛽1, ceramide, hyaluronan and collagen type I(COL1) were measured in dorsal back skin of the mice. Gene expression of hyaluronan synthase(HAS1, HAS2, HAS3), collagen synthase(COL1A1, COL1A2) and TGF-𝛽1 were also determined by realtime RT-PCR. Results : Skin water contents and the expression of TGF-𝛽1, ceramide, COL1 and hyaluronan were significantly increased in UA group(100, 200 and 400mg/kg/day) compared to vehicle control. The mRNA expression of HAS isoform(HAS1, HAS2, HAS3), COL1A1, COL1A2, and TGF-𝛽1 were also significantly increased by UA. Conclusions : UA has skin moisturizing effects and enhancement activities in skin function related components(COL1, hyaluronan, ceramide and TGF-𝛽1). These results suggested that UA can be a developing candidate for developing alternative skin protective agent or functional food ingredient.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.97-105
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• 2023

Background: Hyperactivated airway mucosa cells overproduce mucin and cause severe breathing complications. Here, we aimed to identify the effects of saponins derived from Panax ginseng on inflammation and mucin overproduction. Methods: NCI-H292 cells were pre-incubated with 16 saponins derived from P. ginseng, and mucin overproduction was induced by treatment with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). Mucin protein MUC5AC was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and mRNA levels were analyzed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Moreover, we performed a transcriptome analysis of PMA-treated NCI-H292 cells in the absence or presence of Rg5, and differential gene expression was confirmed using qPCR. Phosphorylation levels of signaling molecules, and the abundance of lipid droplets, were measured by western blotting, flow cytometry, and confocal microscopy. Results: Ginsenoside Rg5 effectively reduced MUC5AC secretion and decreased MUC5AC mRNA levels. A systematic functional network analysis revealed that Rg5 upregulated cholesterol and glycerolipid metabolism, resulting in the production of lipid droplets to clear reactive oxygen species (ROS), and modulated the mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor (NF)-kB signaling pathways to regulate inflammatory responses. Rg5 induced the accumulation of lipid droplets and decreased cellular ROS levels, and N-acetyl-ⳑ-cysteine, a ROS inhibitor, reduced MUC5AC secretion via Rg5. Furthermore, Rg5 hampered the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and p38 proteins, affecting the NF-kB signaling pathway and pro-inflammatory responses. Conclusion: Rg5 alleviated inflammatory responses by reducing mucin secretion and promoting lipid droplet-mediated ROS clearance. Therefore, Rg5 may have potential as a therapeutic agent to alleviate respiratory disorders caused by hyperactivation of mucosa cells.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.617-629
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• 2022

Purpose: Osteoporosis is characterized by structural deterioration of the bone tissue because of the loss of osteoblastic activity or the increase in osteoclastic activity, resulting in bone fragility and an increased risk of fractures. Hederagenin (Hed) is a pentacyclic triterpenoid saponin isolated from Dipsaci Radix, the dried root of Dipsacus asper Wall. Dipsaci Radix has been used in Korean herbal medicine to treat bone fractures. In this study, we attempted to demonstrate the potential anti-osteoporotic effect of Hed by examining its effect on osteoblast differentiation in MC3T3-E1 cells. Methods: Osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured in 0, 1, and 10 ㎍/mL Hed for 3 and 7 days. The activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone nodule formation and level of expression of bone-related genes and proteins were measured in MC3T3-E1 cells exposed to Hed. The western blot test was used to detect the activation of the bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2)/ Suppressor of Mothers against Decapentaplegic (SMAD)1 pathway. Results: Hed significantly increased the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells. Intracellular ALP activity was significantly increased in the 1 ㎍/mL Hed-treated group. Hed significantly increased the concentration of calcified nodules. Furthermore, Hed significantly upregulated the expression of genes and proteins associated with osteoblast proliferation and differentiation, such as Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), ALP, osteopontin (OPN), and type I procollagen (ProCOL1). Induction of osteoblast differentiation by Hed was associated with increased BMP2. In addition, Hed induced osteoblast differentiation by increasing the activity of SMAD1/5/8. These results suggest that Hed has the potential to prevent osteoporosis by promoting osteoblastogenesis in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells via the modulation of the BMP2/SMAD1 pathway. Conclusion: The results presented in this study indicate that Hed isolated from Dipsaci Radix has the potential to be developed as a healthcare food and functional material possessing anti-osteoporosis effects.

• Korea Science and Art Forum
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• v.24
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• pp.321-332
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• 2016

As functions of public library has become diversified, proper environment color plan enhancing a supporting environment of user based on a function of public library should be achieved by utilizing space chromatics which is a psychological environmental factor. Therefore, public library's color environment of each space functions should be understood and the foundation of color plan enhancing supporting environment of user should also be established under the premise that public library color environment which supports integrated functions to every local residents by meeting functional roles of library. As functions of public library expands, this study has its purpose to analyze color environment characteristics by mainly focusing on library of Busan region to study color environment supporting function of each space. Through a literature research, function and role of color, environment color have considered, and through a preceding research analysis on public library's present condition analysis and tendency of library color preference, theoretical background on library color environment has deducted. By researching present condition of environment color application at 9 public libraries located at Busan, the environment color characteristics of library has deducted through an image adjective analysis using color system, coloration analysis, IRI(Image Research Institute) color image scale. This study can be provided as a reference data for environment color plan based on spatial function to enhance supporting environment of public library user, and it is expected to utilize in the library facility plan which has been diversified.