• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.12 no.5
• /
• pp.595-604
• /
• 2002

The growth promoting effect of Clostridium hutyricum KCTC 1785 was investigated with natural products bearing antioxidative capacity, and combined two, three and four kinds of them. C. butyricum was showed a good growth by Lycii fructus, Sophorae flos, Chelidonium majus L., Atractylodis rhizoma alba, Paeonia japonica, alone, and two mixed com-binations were composed of Paeonia japonica and Epimedii herba, Paeonia japonica and Aurantii nobilis pericarpium, Paeonia japonica and Puerariae radix, Pneonia japonica and Angelicae gigantis radix, and three mixed combinations were organized with Epimedii herba, Sophorae flos and Nnelumbo nuclfera gaertner, and Epimedii herba, Sophorae flos and Scutellaria haicalensis george, and Epimedii herba, Sophorae flos and theae folium, and Epimedii herba, Paeonia japonica and Angelicae gigantis radix, and four mixed combinations were formed with Epimedii herba, Puerariae radix, Nelumbo nuclfera gaertner and Paeonia japonica, and Epimedii herba, Puerariae radix, Nelumbo nuclfera gaertner and Theae folium, and Epimedii berba, puerariae radix, Nelumbo nuclfera gaertner and Angelicae gigantis radix, and puerariae radix, Nelumbo nuclfera gaertner, paeonia japonica and Theae folium. As these combinations of natural products could activate some parts fo body, they might be applied to pharmaceuitcal applications, functional foods, antiaging tea, also expected to promote useful enterobacterial growth for multifunctional fermentative beverage.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.35 no.3
• /
• pp.209-217
• /
• 2009

In this study, the antibacterial activity, antioxidative effects, inhibitory effects on tyrosinase of Inula britannica flower extracts were investigated. MIC values of ethyl acetate fraction from Inula britannica flower on P. acnes 0.25 %, respectively. The results showed that the antibacterial activity of the ethyl acetate fraction was the highest in the P. acnes. The free radical (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH) scavenging activities ($FSC_{50}$) of ethyl acetate fraction of Inula britannica flower was $8.55{\mu}g$/mL. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activities ($OSC_{50}$) of some fInula britannica flower extracts on ROS generated in $Fe^{3+}$- EDTA/$H_2O_2$ system were investigated using the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay. The order of ROS scavenging activities were ethyl acetate fraction $0.24{\mu}g$/mL. Ethyl acetate fraction showed the most prominent ROS scavenging activity. The protective effects of extract/fractions of Inula britannica flower on the rose-bengal sensitized photohemolysis of human erythrocytes were investigated. The Inula britannica flower extracts suppressed photohemolysis in a concentration dependent manner ($5{\sim}100{\mu}g$/mL), particularly deglycosylated flavonoid aglycone fraction exhibited the most prominent celluar protective effect ($\tau_{50}$, 164.15 min at $25{\mu}g$/mL). The inhibitory effect of Inula britannica flower extracts on tyrosinase was investigated to assess their whitening efficacy. Inhibitory effects ($IC_{50}$) on tyrosinase of some Inula britannica flower extracts were high. Ethyl acetate fraction has $IC_{50}$ of $87.03{\mu}g$/mL. These results indicate that extract/fractions of Inula britannica flower can function as antioxidants in biological systems, particularly skin exposed to UV radiation by scavenging $^1O_2$ and other ROS, and protect cellular membranes against ROS. And inhibitory activity on tyrosinase of the ethyl acetate fraction and high potential as bactericide against the skin pathogenic bacteria could be applicable to new functional cosmetics for antioxidant, antiaging, antibacterial activity.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.40 no.1
• /
• pp.109-120
• /
• 2014

In this study, the extracts of Inula britannica var. chinensis (I. britannica) flower were extracted at three different temperatures (room temperature, $45^{\circ}C$, and $65^{\circ}C$) and their anti-aging effects were studied. Before investigating anti-aging effects of the extracts, their cytotoxicity was tested on B16F10, Hs683, and HaCaT cells. All extracts showed no cytotoxicity at the concentration less than 0.1% (v/v). Melanin synthesis inhibitory activities in B16F10 cells and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in Hs683 and HaCaT cells were used to see their anti-aging effects. The room temperature extract at 0.1% showed 24.5% melanin synthesis inhibition, which was better than the $45^{\circ}C$ and $65^{\circ}C$ extracts. In addition, expression rates of the room temperature extract at 0.1% on HAS-1, HAS-2, and HAS-3 related to hyaluronan synthase genes were 123.3%, 137.8%, 133.2%, respectively. which were higher than reference material of L-ascorbic acid. Expression rates of the $45^{\circ}C$ extract at 0.1% on TNF-${\alpha}$, COX-2, and IL-$1{\alpha}$, which are inflammatory related genes, was suppressed to 30.3%, 12.8%, 25.7%, respectively. It was better in anti-in flammatory effect than the room temperature and $65^{\circ}C$ extracts. As results, we showed that I. britannica var. chinensis flower extarcts decreased melanin production and expression of inflammatory related genes and increased the expression rate of hyaluronan synthase genes. Thus, it is believed that the extracts affect anti-aging effects of skin through whitening, moisturizing, and anti-inflammatory processes and could be applicable to cosmetics as a functional cosmetic ingredient.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.214-219
• /
• 2012

This study aimed to develop a new type of functional citrus beverage (Citurs-F) containing flavonoids extracted from the young fruits of satsuma mandarin ($Citrus$ $unshiu$) and matured fruits of Jeju native dangyooja ($C.$ $grandis$). We made beverages that contained 30% of satsuma mandarin extract with different percentages of concentrated dangyooja-derived flavonoid extracts. In sensory evalution, the highest response indices of color, taste and aroma were from the beverages based on the 30% young fruit extracts plus 15% (Citrus-F-15) and 20% (Citrus-F-20) flavonoids extract from the dangyooja using the KILO prep. In the changes of body weight after oral administration of the Citrus-F, the rat group with HF diet plus the Citrus-F decreased the body weight compared to the rat group fed only HF diet. This effect was to be continued for 9 weeks until the end of experiment. In the lipid content in blood, the rat group with oral administration of citrus extractions merely tended to resolve it in serum test. However, all the 0.1% Citrus-F-15 and Citrus-F-20 treated rat groups from the beginning or after 5 weeks appeared the lowest lipid contents in the blood. In the cholesterol contents, the rat group feeding the KILO-prep's extraction from the beginning weren't significantly recognized them in the group but the rat group feeding 0.1% Citrus-F-15 acted to reduce in the cholesterol contents from 5 weeks. The results indicated that the Citrus-F-15 with rich flavonoids might be main source alleviating the vascular diseases and obesity in human diet.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.176-184
• /
• 2018

In the present study, we investigated the antioxidative properties, cellular protective effects and component analyses of 50% ethanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction and aglycone fraction obtained from Lysimachia christinae Hance (L. christinae Hance). In the evaluation of antioxidative properties, the free radical scavenging activities ($FSC_{50}$) of 50% ethanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction and aglycone fraction were 146.8, 22.2 and $27.2{\mu}g/mL$, respectively and total antioxidant capacities ($OSC_{50}$) were 29.3, 2.9 and $4.5{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest free radical scavenging activity and total antioxidant capacity. Also, the cellular protective effects (${\tau}_{50}$) of 50% ethanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction and aglycone fraction on $^1O_2$ induced photohemolysis of human erythrocytes were 26.9, 57.5 and 103.9 min at $5{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. In particular, ${\tau}_{50}$ of the aglycone fraction exhibited a higher cellular protective effect than that of (+)-${\alpha}$-tocopherol (37.7 min). The cell viability of the ethyl acetate fraction on the UVB-induced cell damage increased up to 90.1%. In addition, the ethyl acetate fraction ($5-25{\mu}g/mL$) showed cellular protective effects on the $H_2O_2-induced$ cell damages in a dose-dependent manner. TLC, HPLC, UV-vis spectroscopy and LC-MS were used to analyse components of the ethyl acetate fraction and the main components were quercetin, kaempferol and their glycosides. In conclusion, L. christinae Hance extract/fraction can function as antioxidants to protect the skin exposed to UV radiation and may also be used as a novel functional cosmetic material, for example, an antioxidant against skin photoaging.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.42 no.4
• /
• pp.520-526
• /
• 2013

To determine the kimchi with the best quality and functional characteristics, we manufactured and compared recipes for Korean and Japanese kimchi made either Korean or Japanese baechu cabbages. All batches were fermented for 4 weeks at $5^{\circ}C$, and tested for pH, texture, microbial count, sensory evaluation, DPPH radical-scavenging activity, and cell proliferation (using the MTT assay on AGS human gastric cancer cells). By the third week of fermentation, Korean kimchi made with Korean baechu (KK) and Japanese kimchi made with Korean baechu (KJ) showed a higher acidity than Korean or Japanese kimchi made with Japanese baechu (JK and JJ, respectively). KK ranked highest in springiness, followed by KJ, JK, and JJ. Therefore, the texture of kimchi produced with Korean baechu was appears better than kimchi produced with Japanese baechu. This was confirmed in masticatory tests. Kimchi produced with Korean baechu (KK and KJ) showed lower total aerobic bacterial counts, while the total lactic acid bacterial counts were higher (p<0.05). In sensory evaluation test, KK received the highest overall acceptability score, while JJ earned the lowest score. In the DPPH assay for anti-oxidative activity, KK showed a 94% anti-oxidative effect, followed by KJ (92%), JK (91%), and JJ (88%) (p<0.05). In the MTT assay for analyzing the cell proliferation of AGS human gastric cancer cells, KK showed a 64% anticancer effect in vitro, followed by KJ (57%), JK (38%), and JJ (26%). Therefore, the anti-oxidative and anti-cancer functionalities of kimchi made with Korean baechu were higher than those made with Japanese baechu, regardless of the kimchi recipe applied. Overall, Korean baechu had important and superior effects on the quality and functionality of kimchi.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.175-181
• /
• 2013

These studies were identified the effect of four types of non-perforated breathable (NPB) packing film and three sizes on storage ability of fresh-cut for ready to eat packaging at $5^{\circ}C$ for 25 days and $10^{\circ}C$ for 15 days storage in Salicornia herbacea. The fresh weight loss was less than 2% in every films at $5^{\circ}C$ condition after 25 days storage, and the $10^{\circ}C$ also had same result on 15 days storage except 100,000 cc NPB film. Compare with storage after 15 days, storage condition at $5^{\circ}C$ had shown better result under the 1% fresh weight loss rate. The 5,000 cc and $5^{\circ}C$ condition had been shown the characteristics of MA packaging in carbon dioxide and oxygen concentrations. The ethylene concentration in vacuum film was higher 10 to 100 times than in NPB film treatments during storage. But ethylene concentration was not statistically significant differences among size treatments. Every conditions had been measured the anti-oxidant activity by DPPH method after storage at $5^{\circ}C$ for 25 days and $10^{\circ}C$ for 15 days. S. herbacea at $5^{\circ}C$ had been more than twice of activity compare with that at $10^{\circ}C$. 100,000 cc NPB film had been higher contents of anti-oxidant activity at $5^{\circ}C$ and $10^{\circ}C$. As the fresh-cut sizes, 3 cm and 5 cm sizes had changed depending on film types but 10 cm were not effected by the film types in the DPPH activity. When panel test had been tried to measure the visual quality and off-flavor after storage, $5^{\circ}C$ with a filme of 5,000 cc treatment had established higher value than other treated conditions. As these results, it's may be suggested that the $5^{\circ}C$ with 5,000 cc non-perforated breathable film for MA storage in Salicornia herbacea at fresh cut distribution system. Fresh cut size 10 cm with 100,000 cc NPB film also had the good quality for 15 dyas storage at $10^{\circ}C$, and this result can be applied for short term distribution system in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.45 no.8
• /
• pp.1090-1098
• /
• 2016

The anti-inflammatory effects of ethanol extract from Grateloupia crispata (GCEE) were investigated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine macrophages. Anti-inflammatory effects were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. There was no cytotoxic effect on proliferation of macrophages treated with GCEE compared to the control. GCEE significantly inhibited production of pro-inflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$, and $IL-1{\beta}$] as well as nitric oxide in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. In addition, GCEE suppressed expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, and nuclear $factor-{\kappa}B$ in a dose-dependent manner. GCEE significantly reduced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases. In the in vivo test, evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of GCEE was performed using croton oil-induced ear edema in ICR mice. Oral administration of 10 mg/kg to 250 mg/kg of GCEE significantly reduced ear edema in a dose-dependent manner compared to croton oil-induced mice. Moreover, GCEE reduced ear thickness and the number of mast cells compared to croton oil-induced mice in the histological analysis. These data suggest that GCEE could be used as a potential source for anti-inflammatory agents.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.476-483
• /
• 2005

This experiment was planned to develop a functional supplement by food resources to prevent and lessen the deleterious effects caused by environmental pollutants such as polluted food, air, water and heavy metals. The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of peking-duck extracts supplemented with six kinds of medicinal herbs (DJ) on the intoxication of lead and mercury in rats. Sprague-Dawley rat weighing $150g\pm15g$ g, were randomly assigned to 5 groups, basal diet only (NCG), heavy metal without DJ injection (HCG), heavy metals and DJ (3 mg/mL) injection (HMLD), heavy metal and DJ (30 mg/mL) injection (HMMD), heavy metal and D] (300 mg/mL) injection (HMHD). Mecury (Hg) and lead (Pb) injected at the level of 50 ppm for 17 days. Also DJ oral feeding was continued for 31 days. The result of this study were as follows; Food intake and body weight gain in heavy metal administered groups were lower than those of control group (NCG). The activities of GOT, GPT and BUN level were significantly reduced in DJ-treated groups as compared to HCG. DJ was shown to suppress the accumulation of Hg and Pb in serum. The results suggest that DJ might have protective effect on Hg and Pb intoxication.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.34 no.9
• /
• pp.1320-1324
• /
• 2005

Soybean (Glycine max L.) is an increasingly important food source and functional food. Platelet aggregation plays an important role in thrombogenesis and atherosclerosis. Here, we studied the anti-platelet aggregating effects of solvent extracts from Korean soybean varieties and isoflauone derivatives. Nine Korean soybean varieties were extracted by solvents (methanol and buthanol and their extracts was investigated for the inhibition against tile aggregation of washed rabbit platelets induced by collagen or thrombin. Maximal inhibition of buthanol extracts against platelet aggregation induced by collagen was $95\%$ in Black-kong and Jinpum - kong. The potency of their inhibition was in the following order : Black > Jinpum > Bokwang > Hwangkum > Pureun > Malli > Danbaek > Danyeob > Jangsu - kong. The Black - kong only seemed to produce the maximal inhibition against platelet aggregation induced by thrombin. Total isoflavone content measured was Jinpum-kong ($1347.8{\mu}g/g$) and Black-kong ($918.7{\mu}g/g$). Maximal inhibition of isoflavone derivatives against platelet aggregation induced by collagen was $97\%$ in genistein. The potency of their inhibition was in the following order: genistein>daidzein>genistin. The isoflavone derivatives did not affect the platelet aggregation induced by thrombin. However, Black-kong cortex seemed to Produce the optimal inhibition against platelet aggregation induced by collagen. These results suggest that Black-kong and Jinpum-kong may be a good source for antiplatelet agents, and their antiplatelet effect be related to tile content and the chemical structure with the number of -OH group and the attached glycoside in the isoflavone derivative.