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http://dx.doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2016.45.8.1090

Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Ethanol Extract from Grateloupia crispata on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Responses in RAW 264.7 Cells and Mice Ears  

Bae, Nan-Young (Department of Food Science & Technology/Institute of Food Science, Pukyong National University)
Kim, Min-Ji (Department of Food Science & Technology/Institute of Food Science, Pukyong National University)
Kim, Koth-Bong Woo-Ri (Institute of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University)
Park, Sun-Hee (Department of Food Science & Technology/Institute of Food Science, Pukyong National University)
Jang, Mi-Ran (Health Functional Food Policy Division, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety)
Ahn, Dong-Hyun (Department of Food Science & Technology/Institute of Food Science, Pukyong National University)
Publication Information
Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition / v.45, no.8, 2016 , pp. 1090-1098 More about this Journal
Abstract
The anti-inflammatory effects of ethanol extract from Grateloupia crispata (GCEE) were investigated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine macrophages. Anti-inflammatory effects were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. There was no cytotoxic effect on proliferation of macrophages treated with GCEE compared to the control. GCEE significantly inhibited production of pro-inflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$, and $IL-1{\beta}$] as well as nitric oxide in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. In addition, GCEE suppressed expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, and nuclear $factor-{\kappa}B$ in a dose-dependent manner. GCEE significantly reduced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases. In the in vivo test, evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of GCEE was performed using croton oil-induced ear edema in ICR mice. Oral administration of 10 mg/kg to 250 mg/kg of GCEE significantly reduced ear edema in a dose-dependent manner compared to croton oil-induced mice. Moreover, GCEE reduced ear thickness and the number of mast cells compared to croton oil-induced mice in the histological analysis. These data suggest that GCEE could be used as a potential source for anti-inflammatory agents.
Keywords
Grateloupia crispata; anti-inflammatory activity; pro-inflammatory cytokines; $NF-{\kappa}B$; MAPKs;
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