• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.37-46
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• 2018

Purpose - This study is to investigate the effects of consumption motives of restaurant customers on the perception of the importance of restaurant attributes, and to determine the influence of the consumption motives on the empirical and functional attributes between Vietnam and Korea. Research design, data, and methodology - Questionnaire items from previous studies were revised to fit the research purpose of the present study. From August 1 to August 25, 2017, questionnaires were simultaneously administered in Korea and Vietnam using both on-line and off-line survey methods (including SNS and e-mail). With 381 surveyed questionnaires in Vietnam(219) and Korea(162), this study was conducted by using SPSS 22.0 to verify the reliability and validity of the measured variables. Structural equation model (SEM) was employed as a statistical method for the hypotheses test of this study. Results - The results showed that hedonic eating-out motive has more influence on the importance of empirical attribute than that of functional attribute in restaurant. In addition, utilitarian eating-out motive has more influence on functional attributes than empirical attributes. However, these relationships showed the difference between countries in Vietnam and Korea. As for in Korea, consumers' hedonic and utilitarian motives of eating-out were more influential on experimental and functional attributes. Conclusions - This study analyzed the influence on the importance of the eating-out motives of restaurant attributes and how this differed between Vietnamese and Korean.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.15 no.2 s.95
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• pp.148-155
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• 2005

As functional requirement of massive digital information storage devices are on a trend for the higher data transfer rate and lower cost, many different technical efforts are being tested and implemented in the industry. FDB(fluid dynamic bearing) is one of the major breakthroughs in rotor design in terms of TMR(track misregistration) budget. Although FDB analysis based on Reynolds' equation is well established and popularly being used for FDB design especially for the estimation of bearing stiffness, there are obvious limitations in the approach due to the inherent assumptions. A generalized analysis tool employing the full Navier-Stokes equation and the energy balance is to be beneficial for detailed FDB design. In this publication, an efficient geometry modeling method is presented that provides fully integrated inputs for general FVM/FDM(finite volume method/ finite difference method) codes. By virtue of the flexibility of the presented method, many different detailed FDB design and analysis are carried over with ease.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.327-358
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• 2013

This study aimed to analyze the trajectories of cognitive function and functional disability, and to identify the impacts of socio-demographic factors on the two variables. Based on the assumption that there are differences according to the progress of cognitive impairment, it focused on examining the differences in trajectories of cognitive function and functional disability between two groups: dementia conversion group and dementia non-conversion group among cognitively normal older adults. This study was conducted based on the data from a 3-wave panel study of a sample of 966 Yeoncheon elderly cohort aged 65 and over between 1997 and 2003. Latent growth curve model and multi-group structural equation modeling were used to examine the hypothesis. Results revealed that dementia conversion group exhibited faster rate of cognitive decline as well as lower initial cognitive level. Difference between two groups was not significant in the initial level of functional disability, yet dementia conversion group showed greater degree of deterioration in the functional disability over time than dementia non-conversion group did. In terms of the influence of socio-demographic factors on cognitive function and functional disability, the cognitive decline was more drastic in the female group, whereas functional decline was more apparent for the male group. The level of education in early life had a strong impact on the cognitive function in later life. Based on these findings, practical implication for high risk groups in cognitive function and functional disability were discussed.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.36 no.1_2
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• pp.39-50
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• 2018

In this paper, we deal with the uniqueness problem for the power of p-adic meromorphic functions. The results obtained in this paper are the p-adic analogues and supplements of the theorems given by Yang and Zhang [Non-existence of meromorphic solution of a Fermat type functional equation, Aequationes Math. 76(2008), 140-150], Chen, Chen and Li [Uniqueness of difference operators of meromorphic functions, J. Ineq. Appl. 2012(2012), Art 48], Zhang [Value distribution and shared sets of differences of meromorphic functions, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 367(2010), 401-408].

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.117-144
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• 2010

This paper planned to review positively the influence of leading variables - Functional benefits, Emotional benefits, Self-expressive benefits over Consumer-brand relationship, and the structural relationship between Consumer-brand relationship and Brand attachment, Word-of-mouse. For it, we verified our hypothesis utilizing Hierarchial chi-square analysis that was available to statistically verify the size between 2 paths out of Structural models As the result of research, Emotional benefits was more influential than Functional benefits in the formation of Consumer-brand relationship. Additionally, the influential difference between Emotional benefits and Self-expressive benefits was not found in the formation of Consumer-brand relationship. In other words, both Emotional benefits and Functional benefits were proved to have a positive influence on forming Consumer-brand relationship. On the other hand, Self expressive benefits played a more influential role than Functional benefit in the formation of Consumer-brand relationship. The fact was also proved that the higher the formation level of Consumer -brand relationship was, the greater positive influence over Brand attachment and Word-of-mouse Through the above results, it is more desirable to establish brand strategy for forming Consumer-brand relationship through Emotional benefits and Self expressive benefits rather than Functional benefits. Additionally, the Consumer-brand relationship formed by Value benefit is expected not only to get the level of attachment, showing like love, toward the brand deeper, but also to achieve the effect of positive, long term communication through voluntary Word-of-mouse.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.752-761
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• 2020

This study analyzes the type of preferred shopping items based on tourism shopping value pursued by tourists through shopping at travel destinations as well as verifies their impact on satisfaction. A survey on 310 adult men and women aged 20 to 69 collected data samples representing tourism shoppers in Korea. Based on the collected data, a factor analysis and a structural model equation analysis were performed using SPSS 25.0 and AMOS. Tourism shopping value was divided into functional value, emotional value, exploratory value, and shared value. In addition, shopping items were categorized as physical materials and experience materials to identify the difference in preferred item types according to the value that tourists perceive. It also confirmed the adjustment effect of tourism motivation that affects tourism shopping behavior. According to the analysis results, the more tourists perceive functional and emotional values when shopping, the more physical material they prefer, and the more they perceive exploratory values, the higher the preference for experience goods. However, the shared value affected both physical materials and experience materials. Based on escape-seeking motivation, the adjustment effect of tourism motivation (a major variable to understand the behavior of tourists) on tourism shopping behavior was confirmed. Based on the academic and practical implications of this study, we hope to broaden our understanding of tourism shopping and revitalize research on tourism shopping.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.744-755
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• 2022

This study sought to verify the shopping values that tourists pursue by purchasing at travel destinations based on tourists' motivation and identify the effects of these values on the types of fashion items preferred by tourists. Furthermore, this study verified the tourist shopping behavior of three Asian countries-Korea, China, and Japan-from a cross-cultural perspective. To obtain a sample that represents tourist shoppers in each country, a survey was conducted on adult men and women in their 20s to 60s, and 986 subjects were collected: 300 Koreans, 385 Chinese, and 301 Japanese. Factor analysis, structural equation modeling, and multigroup SEM were performed on the collected data using SPSS Statistics and AMOS. Based on escaping-seeking theory, tourist intentions were divided into escaping and seeking motivations, and tourist shopping values were divided into functional, emotional, and social. The shopping items were divided into materials and experiential goods to understand the difference between the types preferred by tourists according to the perceived value. In addition, differences in tourist shopping behaviors according to the three nationalities were identified. The findings illustrate that the escaping motive affects emotional and social values, whereas the seeking motive affects all three. Moreover, it was confirmed that functional and emotional values affect preference for material and experiential goods, but social value only affects preference for material goods. For the cross-cultural study, differences in tourist shopping behavior according to nationality were identified.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.25-32
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• 2004

We propose a hierarchical disparity estimation algorithm with edge-preserving energy-based regularization. Initial disparity vectors are obtained from downsampled stereo images using a feature-based region-dividing disparity estimation technique. Dense disparities are estimated from these initial vectors with shape-adaptive windows in full resolution images. Finally, the vector fields are regularized with the minimization of the energy functional which considers both fidelity and smoothness of the fields. The first two steps provide highly reliable disparity vectors, so that local minimum problem can be avoided in regularization step. The proposed algorithm generates accurate disparity map which is smooth inside objects while preserving its discontinuities in boundaries. Experimental results are presented to illustrate the capabilities of the proposed disparity estimation technique.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.141-152
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• 1993

A generalized method is presented for shape design sensitivity analysis of axisymmetric thermal conducting solids. The shape sensitivity formula of a general performance functional arising in shape optimal design problem is derived using the material derivative concept and the adjoint variable method. The method for deriving the formula is based on standard axisymmetric boundary integral equation formulation. It is then applied to obtain the sensitivity formulas for temperature and heat flux constraints imposed over a small segment of the boundary. To show the accuracy of the sensitivity analysis, numerical implementations are done for three examples. Sensitivities calculated by the presented method are compared with analytic sensitivities for two examples with analytic solutions, and compared with sensitivies by finite difference for a cooling fin example.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.35-39
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• 2007

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of soil selenium (Se) supplementation level on Se contents of green tea and milk vetch. Four different concentrations of sodium selenite ($Na_2SeO_3$) solutions (0.0, 3.3, 33.0 and 165.0${\mu}g/mL$) were prepared and one liter of each solution was well mixed with 10 kg of compost (cowpea soil) to give four different levels of Se-containing soil: $T_1$, 0; $T_2$, 33; $T_3$, 330; $T_4$, and 1,650${\mu}g$/100 g soil. Green tea plants and milk vetch were individually cultivated in those soils for 60 days. Se contents of freeze-dried green tea leaves were 6.87, 10.40, 12.04, and 20.19 ${\mu}g/g$, respectively; all of which were significantly different (p<0.05) from the others except for $T_2$ and $T_3$. The results showed that Se-contents of green tea leaves were increased 1.5$\sim$2.9 times as the Se level in the soil increased. Regression equation between Se contents in green tea (Y) and soil Se supplementation level (X) was: Y=0.007X＋8.857. However, Se contents in the milk vetch were increased significantly (p<0.05) more with the same treatments $T_3$ (74 ${\mu}g/g$) and $T_4$ (187$\mu$g/g) in comparison to those at $T_1$ (5.0 ${\mu}g/g$) and $T_2$ (12.0$\mu$g/g). The increases ranged from approximately between 2.4 to 37.4 times that of the control group. Regression equation between Se contents in milk vetch (Y) and soil Se supplementation level (X) was: Y=0.1063X＋15.989. The large difference of Se contents between green tea leaves and milk vetch would be attributed by the difference of protein contents between the 30% or higher protein-content of legumes and 15$\sim$20% protein of shrubs. The present study clearly indicates that green tea leaves and milk vetch can be enriched in selenium by supplementing the soil with Se. Therefore, Se-enriched green tea or milk vetch powder could be utilized as functional foods in Se-fortified green tea drinks or salads, or as food additives to enhance the daily intake of Se.