• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.595-599
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• 2000

This paper describes an Axiomatic Design Process enhanced by the Combinative Index that represents combinative strength between function requirements and design parameters. This method combines the advantages of these two methods : 1) Combinative Index that represents combinative strength between function requirements and design parameters so that we clearly understand these information. 2) engineering specifications are categorized into strategies, constraints and Functional Requirements. In this paper, relationship of FR's and DP's is regarded as one in which uncertainty of information are fundamentally involved. In the reduction of problem with uncertainty, we propose an enhanced Axiomatic Design Process using Combinative Index.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.25-37
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• 2008

Objectives : Ohyaksungi-san(Wuyaoshunqi-san) has been used for many years as a treatment for sciatica in oriental medicine. And electrical acupuncture also has been used as a treatment for sciatica in recent study. By the way, it is hard to find the study that apply two treatments in the same time. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of Ohyaksungi-san(Wuyaoshunqi-san) and electrical acupuncture on nerve regeneration after crush injury in rat sciatic nerve in the same time. Methods : This study was designed with 4 subgroups to evaluate the effects of Ohyaksungi-san(Wuyaoshunqi-san) and electrical acupuncture on nerve regeneration. As control groups, group I has not been treated during 3 weeks after crush injury in rat sciatic nerve. Group II has been treated Ohyaksungi-san(Wuyaoshunqi-san), Group III has been treated electrical acupuncture, and Group IV has been treated both during 3 weeks. This study has been estimated sciatic function index and change of GAP-43 immunoreactivity about sciatic nerve regeneration. Results : 1. The test for nerve regeneration had significantly good result of sciatic function index in the experimental groups as compared with control groups(p<.05). Especially, Group IV has the greatest result of sciatic function index. 2. GAP-43, the marker of nerve regeneration, more increased in the experimental groups as compared with control groups. Especially, Group IV has the greatest result of GAP-43. Conclusions : Ohyaksungi-san(Wuyaoshunqi-san) and electrical acupuncture have good effects on nerve regeneration after crush injury in rat sciatic nerve.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 1985

When full denture is being fabricated, pronounciation, recovery of aesthetics of function and mastificatory function should be satisfies for patients. To satisfy for the function of denture, following is the difference between this new way of fabricating and formerly one of it. 1. The size of fabricating tooth which is harmony of original oral structure for patients is deaded by manufacturing labial index and artificial tongue. 2. By the use of artificial tongue and labial index, the arranges of artificial tooth is to become harmony of oral structure. 3. Formation of gingival decided functional impression which is used by impression paste, is harmony of oral structure. Therefore, this full denture can be satisfied with pronouncing oral function of recovery of aesthetics as well as mastificatory through physiological movement of oral tissue not disturbed with anything but cooperated drastically. In manufacturing of this full denture, both dentist and dental technician under cooperation need to proceed the work on the base of importance of communication.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.43-49
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• 2006

Purpose: Changes of degenerative disc have been analyzed or with the Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) to assign appropriate meaning, and the relationship between the degenerative changes of the discs and its living function has been evaluated through the living function evaluation scores collected by functional rating index. Methods: in April, 2006, a physical examination was conducted for physical laborers to be employed as on-site laborer in a steel industrial complex located at a region. A month later, these 20 laborers who participated in lumbar vertebra MRI tests have been investigated for one-to-one mobile phone functional rating index test. Excluding 3 of 14 respondents whom scored 0 in functional rating index, the rest of respondents' degenerative disc grade changes shown in MRI and its relationship to living functional rating index have been performed. Results: The Dabbs method of measuring disc height resulted to show significant increase as the disc height changes from L1-2 level to L5-S1 level (p<0.01). However, there was no statistical significance with a relationship between disc height and functional rating index, and disc height average. The Magnetic Resonance Imaging analysis regard on the degree of disc degeneration and its relationship to living functional rating proved to have significant relationship (p<0.05). Conclusion: The degenerative changes monitored by Magnetic Resonance Imaging show significant relationship (p<0.05) to living function. However, this relationship could vary depend upon the characteristics of study population. So, it suggested that the future studies should be performed by considering population's age and job career.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.63 no.2
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• pp.205-210
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• 2014

The micro grid considered in this paper consists of a diesel generator, a photovoltaic array, a wind turbine, a fuel cell, and a energy storage system. This paper explains and simulates the micro grid components in terms of accuracy and efficiency of having a system model based on the costs of fuel as well as operation and maintenance. For operational efficiency, the objective function in a diesel generator consists of the fuel cost function similar to the cost functions used for the conventional fossil-fuel generating plants. The wind turbine generator is modeled by the characteristics of variable output. The optimization is aimed at minimizing the cost function of the system while constraining it to meet the customer demand and safety of micro grid. The operating cost in fuel-cell system includes the fuel costs and the efficiency for fuel to generate electric power. To develop the overall system model gives a possibility to minimize of the total cost of micro grid. The application of optimal operation can save the interruption costs as well as the operating costs, and improve reliability index in micro grid.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.589-599
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• 2013

The concept of robust optimization is based on Taguchi's method. Especially, robustness indices of objective function pursue an insensitive and conservative design when there are variations on design variables and parameters. To accomplish the purpose, various robustness indices on the objective function have been developed. However, it can be caused limitations to develop the robustness index, because there is difference between the Taguchi's method and robust optimization. In this paper, an investigation is performed to identify the characteristics and the drawbacks of the previous studies. To achieve the purpose, evaluations are conducted by using the examples which have both a deterministic optimum and a robust optimum. Moreover, a new viewpoint as well as a robustness index using a supremum value of the objective function is proposed based on the investigation.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.83-90
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• 2019

Recently, the need to prevent or treat cognitive impairment in older adults has been arising. In particular, they tried to diagnose MCI as an early stage of Alzheimer's disease and to delay the progression to dementia through training cognitive function. Most of cognitive function training have been manufactured to game contents which related to several cognitive function, and it needs to be verified quantitatively whether subjects are paying attention to cognitive function training. Thus in this study, we measured and analyzed EEG signals while performing attention training game contents. As an analysis method, we utilized CI, which shows how much they are focusing on, and RI, which shows how stable they are. The result of this study can be seen that all the subjects' CI were increased, which means that the subjects performed game contents with concentration.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.212-217
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• 2022

Purpose: This study sought to investigate the effects of visual cue deprivation balance training by applying head control feedback to the balance function and the fall index in older people. Methods: The study was conducted on 26 older people at the S Hospital in Gyeongsansi. The patients were randomly divided into the experimental groupI (EGI, n=9), the experimental groupII (EGII, n=9), and the control group (CG, n=8). The three groups were trained for 30 minutes three times a week for four weeks. To assess the patients' static balance function, their limits of stability (LOS) was measured using the BioRescue system, (RM Ingenierie, France), composed of a pressure platform that can measure force in diverse ways, a computer, and a monitor. The dynamic balance function was measured using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS). Also, the fall index was measured to evaluate the risk of falling. A paired t-test was performed to compare pre- and post-training performance within the groups. One-way ANOVA was performed for comparing the three groups. A post hoc least significant difference (LSD) test was also performed. Results: The results of the LOS showed a significant difference after training in the EGI and EGII groups (p<0.05). As a result of the difference between the three groups, there was a significant difference after training (p<0.05). The results of the BBS showed a significant difference after training in the EGI group (p<0.05). As a result of the difference between the three groups, there was a significant difference after training (p<0.05). Conclusion: Visual cue deprivation balance training applying head control feedback is effective in improving the dynamic balance function in older people. It is also necessary to constantly maintain the head orientation by feedback and to properly control the head movement.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.175-189
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• 2012

This paper presents an algorithm for structural reliability with the response surface method. For this aim, an approach with three stages is proposed named as improved response surface method. In the algorithm, firstly, a quadratic approximate function is formed and design point is determined with First Order Reliability Method. Secondly, a point close to the exact limit state function is searched using the design point. Lastly, vector projected method is used to generate the sample points and Second Order Reliability Method is performed to obtain reliability index and probability of failure. Five numerical examples are selected to illustrate the proposed algorithm. The limit state functions of three examples (cantilever beam, highly nonlinear limit state function and dynamic response of an oscillator) are defined explicitly and the others (frame and truss structures) are defined implicitly. ANSYS finite element program is utilized to obtain the response of the structures which are needed in the reliability analysis of implicit limit state functions. The results (reliability index, probability of failure and limit state function evaluations) obtained from the improved response surface are compared with those of Monte Carlo Simulation, First Order Reliability Method, Second Order Reliability Method and Classical Response Surface Method. According to the results, proposed algorithm gives better results for both reliability index and limit state function evaluations.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics B
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• v.32B no.8
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• pp.1091-1098
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• 1995

This paper proposes an efficient noiseless encoding method of vector quantization(VQ) index using a dynamic index mapping. Using high interblock correlation, the proposed index mapper transforms an index into a new one with lower entropy. In order to achieve good performance with low computational complexity, we adopt 'the sum of differences in pixel values on the block boundaries' as the cost function for index mapping. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme reduces the average bitrate by 40 - 50 % in ordinary VQ system for image compression. In addition, it is shown that the proposed index mapping method can be also applied to mean-residual VQ system, which allows the reduction of bitrate for VQ index by 20 - 30 %(10 - 20 % reduction in total bitrate). Since the proposed scheme is one for noiseless encoding of VQ index, it provides the same quality of the reconstructed image as the conventional VQ system.