• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.28 no.8
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• pp.791-799
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• 1995

Agreement between open question and closed question on portion size of a food frequency questionnaire was assessed for the influence by the restricted choices in closed question on estimated nutrient intakes and agreement of ranking individuals. Dietary intakes of 361 subjects in a rural country, Yang-pyeung Gun were obtained using a interview method. The results are as follows ; 1) Nutrients intakes calculated from closed question on portion size were lower than those calculated from open question on portion size. 2) For most nutrients the percentage of Korean RDA were significantly lower with closed question than open question. 3) Correlation coefficient of nutrient intakes and food intakes obtained by two methods were higher than 0.6 for all nutrients and food items. 4) For each nutrient, misclassification into extreme quartiles was less than 1 percent. 5) These data indicate that closed question on portion size can provide the corresponding information as open question if food frequency questionnarie is used for the ranking of individuals.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.213-218
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• 1997

The question style In high school enoronmental science textbook was examined in terms of the placement, frequency, and type of question, and then analyzed the kind of scientific Inquiry process elicited by the question In the topic of textbook using the Tektbook guestioning Strategy Assessment Instrument (TQSAI). The average number of question per topic was only 0.6. The number of all Question In the high school enororunental science textbook was very little : the number of non-experiential Question was 8 and that of experiential one was 3. The total number of sentence was 1,236 and the ratio of the number of Question to that of sentence was 0.9% . The frequency of non-experlential question was higher than that of experiential one. In action part of the textbook, there were more kinds of Question styles than In the matin part.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.58-79
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• 2015

This study is to analyze the 2289 students questionnaires from 3rd to 9th grade students in order to analyze the students' perceptions change aspect by their grade about the frequency and type of students' question during various science class context. After the class contexts proposed in the questionnaire subcategorize into 19 subitems about 4 areas of class content, class pattern, class material and class process, this study examined the frequency and type of students' question during a science class by each item. The results of this study were as follows. First, the type of students' question was that the most frequent was understanding question and the second was memory question and these both types were half frequency. There was no special tendency related the change of students' question type by school year. Second, the frequency of 4th grade students' question was the highest among other school year students and the frequency of students' question was lowered by the higher school year. The change of students' question by school year was the biggest between 3rd and 4th grade. The class strategies for improving the class effect reflect that the various and active students' question by class context and school year stimulates students' thinking and also builds up the active class environment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.11-16
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• 1998

Background and Objectives : Electrolarynx has been used as one of the methods of rehabilitation for the laryngectomees. Previous electrolarynx could not alter frequency and intensity simultaneously. This institute developed an electrolarynx named "Evada" using FSR(force sensing resistor) sensor, which can control the frequency(and/or intensity) simultaneously. This study was performed for the normal control and laryngectomees with three types of electrolarynx (Evada, Servox-inton, Nu-vois) to reveal functional characteristics of Evada Materials and Methods : five laryngectomees and five normal adults were made to express there sentences(discriptive sentence, "You stay here" ; question sentence, "You stay here？" ; exclamation sentence, "You!! stay here!"), using three types of electrolarynx. Frequency change and intensity change from first and last vowel was calculated in three sentences and analyzed statistically by paired T-test. Results : The frequency change in the question sentence and exclamation sentence was more prominent in Evada than in Servox-inton and Nu-vois. The intensity change in the question sentence and exclamation sentence was also more prominent in Evada than in Servox-inton and Nu-vois. Conclusions : Evada could control frequency and intensity simultaneously and control degree of frequency(and/or intensity) according to the pressing force into the button. Evada could adjust continuously frequency and intensity during conversation. So, Evada is better in producing intonation and contrastive stress than Nu-vois and Servox-inton.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2000.04b
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• pp.253-255
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• 2000

어떠한 질문에 대한 구체적 해답을 얻고 싶은 경우, 일반적인 정보 검색이 가지는 문제점은 검색 결과가 사용자가 찾고자 하는 답이라 하기 보다는 해답을 포함하는(또는 포함하지 않는) 문서의 집합이라는 점이다. 사용자가 후보문서를 모두 읽을 필요 없이 빠르게 원하는 정보를 얻기 위해서는 검색의 결과로 문서집합을 제시하기 보다는 실제 원하는 답을 제공하는 시스템의 필요성이 대두된다. 이를 위해 기존의 TF-IDF(Term Frequency-Inversed Document Frequency)기반의 정보검색의 방삭에 자연언어처리(Natural Language Processing)를 이용한 질문의 분류와 문서의 사전 표지(Tagging)를 사용할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 매년 NIST(National Institute of Standards & Technology)와 DARPA(Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency)주관으로 열리는 TREC(Text REtrieval Conference)중 1999년에 열린 TREC-8의 사용자의 질문(Question)에 대한 답(Answer)을 찾는 ‘Question & Answer’문제의 실험 환경에서 질문을 특징별로 분류하고 검색 대상의 문서에 대한 사전 표지를 이용한 정보검색 시스템으로 사용자의 질문(Question)에 대한 해답을 보다 정확하고 효율적으로 제시할 수 있음을 실험을 통하여 보인다.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.149-154
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• 2014

A user should pick up relevant answers by himself from various search results when using user participation question answering community like Knowledge-iN. If refined answers are automatically provided, usability of question answering community must be improved. This paper divides questions in Q&A documents into 4 types(word, list, graph and text), then proposes summarizing methods for each question type using document statistics. Summarized answers for word, list and text type are obtained by question clustering and calculating scores for words using frequency, proximity and confidence of answers. Answers for graph type is shown by extracting user opinion from answers.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.65-89
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• 2012

Objective : In order to investigate and improve public Korean medical health service satisfaction level, this study was designed. Method : A questionnaire has been conducted on 212 patients who received treatments at six public health centers in the northern part of Gyeongbuk during 15 days between Sep. 24 and Oct. 8, 2011. Result : 1. An Investigation on the usage of herbal clinics in public health centers reveals that 63.7% have received three times or more medical treatments previously and 61.8% have had their illness treated at other medical institutions. In regard to illness 32.1% have had arthritis or muscle aches. 50.9% have taken insurance medication after having had treatments at the public health centers. 66% have assessed acupuncture and moxa cautery the most satisfying. 2. To a question regarding whether herbal health treatment costs higher than that of physician's, the highest response at 31.6% is 'No'. And to a question regarding whether herbal medicines administered at public health centers have more side effects than that of physician's, the highest response at 39.6% is 'No'. 3. To a question regarding whether herbal treatment of public health centers has little effect against acute disease, 48.1% of responses are 'Fair'. To a question regarding whether herbal treatments, when compared with physician's treatments, boost better recovery of patients, 48.1% of responses are 'Fair'. To a question regarding whether herbal medicine is unscientific, when compared with that of western medicine, 38.2% of responses are 'Fair', To a question regarding whether herbal medicine has faster effect on disease than western medicine, 41.0% of responses are 'Fair'. To a question regarding whether herbal medicine is more effective on disease prevention and promotion of health than disease treatment, 38.2% of responses are 'Fair'. And to a question regarding whether the lack of various types of physical therapy devices in herbal medicine, when compared with western medicine causes inconvenience in herbal treatment, 42.0% of responses are 'Fair'. Those responses take up highest portion at each questionnaire. 4. A comparative study between herbal treatments and physician's treatments has also been conducted. To questions regarding which one of the two considering types of disease is the better, responses are the latter accounted for 43.9% against 'Cancer', the latter accounted for 45.3% against 'Endocrine disorders', the former accounted for 30.7% against 'Psychiatric disorders', the latter accounted for 38.2% gainst 'Otolaryngological(ENT) disease', the former accounted for 47.6% against 'Post traumatic stress disorder', and the former accounted for 52.4% against 'Muscle-skeletal disease'. 5. An investigation on frequency of patients' visits via (p<0.05) of subjects show a statistically significant difference. 6. First, an investigation on frequency of reasons of medical treatments reveal that age, occupation, monthly income, and insurance type (p<0.05) of subjects show a statistically significant difference. Secondly, an investigation on frequency of subjects taking insurance medicines after herbal health treatments reveal that monthly income (p<0.05) of subject shows a statistically significant difference. 7. First, an investigation on frequency of a claim that herbal treatments of public health center does not have great effect on acute disease reveals that age, education, and insurance type (p<0.05) of subjects show a statistically significant difference. Secondly, an investigation on frequency of analysis that herbal treatments has faster effect on disease compared with western treatments reveals that education level, religion, monthly income, and insurance type (p<0.05) of subjects show a statistically significant difference. 8. When herbal clinics of public health centers and general herbal medicine institutions are compared, a survey on additional treatments that herbal clinics need the most reveals that education level, monthly income, and insurance type (p<0.05) of subjects show a statistically significant difference. Secondly, an investigation on frequency of subjects who want various forms of herbal medicines reveals that occupation and insurance type (p<0.05) of subjects show a statistically significant difference. Conclusion : In order to improve efficiency of treatments and enhance patient's satisfaction level, this study suggests measures such as providing a differentiated acupuncture treatments as a whole, streamlining an reception procedure, adopting more elaborated computer system for a patient to get proper medical attention, standardizing a treatment duration in order for a maximum result, keeping regular office hours, and optimizing a consultation time for a patient.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.336-347
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• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate eating-out behavior patterns of youths, especially junior high and senior high school students. 1600 questionnaire surveys were distributed and 1487 were used for analysis. In order to consider regional differences as well as overall characteristics of youths' eating-out behaviors, the subjects were evenly sampled from north Seoul, south Seoul, big cities, middle/small cities and small towns. As for the frequency of eating-out, 62.7% of respondents answered once to twice per week. For the can of more than 5 times of eating-out per week, the respondents from south Seoul showed the highest frequency. For the case of no eating-out, the highest frequency was shown from the small towns. As for the most frequently visited place for eating-out, 33.6% of respondents answered Korean style restaurants, and 17.6% Boon-sik(Sanck-bar). Regarding the preference of Korean style restaurants, the highest rate was shown from the residents of big cities. For the question of when they eat out, 89.6% answered dinner and 6.3% lunch. For the question about reason of choosing particular restaurants, 61.5% of respondents referred to tastes and 16.6% price. For the question of the most important reason of eating out, 52.6% point out 'meal solution' and 25.6% 'for meeting.' As for the people accompanied when eating out, 67.2% of the respondents answered family. For the cost of eating out per person, 45.7% of the respondents spent 2000-4000 won for lunch; 31.1% spent 5000-10,000 won for dinner; 33.7% of the respondents spent more than 20,000 won for the special events. Regarding the regional differences of eating-out cost, respondents from south Seoul tended to spend the biggest amount of money for lunch, dinner and special day.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.103-117
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• 1999

The importance of pedagogical content knowledge(PCK) has been recognized in learning science teaching. PCK is based partly on the essence of subject matter knowledges. Therefore, the effective teaching of science content knowledges is fundamental in preservice education of student teachers. But, particularly the science curriculum of primary teachers' colleges is composed of less lessons than needed. This research was executed to identify the content and context of earth science which were contained in questions by student teachers These questions which were written by the students about the earth science content in elementary science texts and teachers' guide books were collected and analyzed. Frequency and context concentration of questions about the themes of contents were obtained. In each unit of the text books, scatter diagrams of question frequency and context concentration of themes showed various features. The main results were as follows. first, in case of the units which contents ate composed of themes expected to be experienced in everyday life, the question frequency and context concentration showed positive correlation between them. But, other units, which everyday life experiences are not expected to influence, did not show distinct correlation.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.107-112
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to examine the questioning styles in middle school environmentology textbook In terms of frequency, type, and placement of questions. It was also to analyse and to compare the kinds of scientific inquiry processes elicited by the questions in the topics of textbooks. The instrument was the Textbook Questing Strategies Assessment Instrument (TQSAI) developed the Cooperative Teacher Preparation Project, University of California. The average number of Questions per topic was only 1.09 and the ratio of questions to sentences was 2.5%. Most of questions were in explanatory place(75%). Nearly 90% of experienced questions types were reasoning or application. The frequencies of non-experiential question were higher than those of experiential question. In action, there were much kinds of question-styles.