• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.6
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• pp.34-71
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• 2002

Animation has been developed as a part of artistry, and maintained a correlation with other various genres such as art, film and music to bring changes in form and to seek new things. Recently, technological advancement also has supported digitalization of producing process with variety in its method. Basic unit of animation production is a frame. A set of frames which has an image of producer's intention comes to life as animation when constructed, connected and transformed. A producer usually goes through a series of trouble when deciding how to express one's intention in images. Framing in animation is a kind of visual information which reflects producer's visual perception. A producer does not simply characterize matters into geometrical figures or give circumstantial explanation, but does framing work that relies on expression. Artistic psychology based on Gestalt Theory does not concentrate on abstract artistic philosophy with conventional beauty as its center, but pursues ambiguity and coherence of formative arts to support on accepting systematic order. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to find theoretical assistance which may be fundamental part in framing of animation. First, ten elements of Rudolf Arnheim centering on Gestalt Theory shall be redefined as concepts. Based on its ground, I will attempt to analyze shape-quality of framing of conventional animation, and make an approach with my personal experimental project. From this research project, I intend to analogize systematic aspect of framing in animation and to make framing of animation possible to assist in actual production of animation.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.57-76
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• 2016

The objective of this study is to explore attendees' motivation, satisfaction, and intention to revisit the World Knowledge Forum (WKF). The importance of this study is that it is the first to examine the WKF, which is a renowned, prestigious global forum in Korea. In this study, the goal framing theory is adopted to hypothesize a theoretical model to explain and predict attendees' motivation, satisfaction, and intention to revisit the forum. The hypothesized model is validated empirically using a sample of 305 attendees of the WKF in 2015. Ultimately, of eight hypotheses, seven are verified and one is rejected. According to the results of an empirical analysis, our study validates the usefulness of the goal framing theory and suggests an examination of its theoretical and practical implications.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.233-241
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• 2014

This study explore how framing affects the consumer's attitude toward the bundle products. On the basis of the framing theory, response compatibility hypothesis and regulatory focus theory, this study examine the impact of framing on the consumer's choice in multi-alternative set and analyzes the manner in which he/she selects or rejects an alternative. The data obtained from experiment shows that : 1. Consumers focus on the positive attributes of in selection task, however, in rejection task he/she will focus on negative attributes. 2. Consumers are not influenced by prevention framing when he/she selects an alternative however, he/she is not influenced by promotion framing when reject an alternative. Understanding the underlying cognitive process of choosing abd rejecting in multiple alernatives can help marketers to create effective framing strategies for the bundle product.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.119-147
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• 2017

Purpose In an online e-commerce environment without face-to-face contact between the seller and the buyer, the attitudes of consumers differ greatly depending on which framing strategy is applied, even in cases when the benefits of the deals represent the same value. The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of price-framing and message-framing strategies on consumer attitudes through an experimental analysis in the context of online travel product purchasing. This study suggests a research model based on prospect theory and prior literature on price-framing and message-framing strategies. Design/methodology/approach The experiment was structured as a 2 (discount price presentation: 'Won' vs. '%') ${\times}$ 2 (discount level: low vs. high) ${\times}$ 2 (time-limit message: none vs. one) mixed design. The research hypotheses were tested in a study of 200 undergraduate and graduate students assigned randomly and distributed evenly to each of the eight cells. Findings The findings indicate that consumer attitudes become more favorable when the '%' discount, higher discount rate, and time-limit message are presented. However, no significant interaction effect is found between the discount price presentation and the discount level/time-limit message. This study has a theoretical implication in that it extends the scope of research by examining the influence of framing strategies on experience goods such as online travel products. Moreover, this study can provide managers with more specific guidelines when establishing framing strategies in the context of purchasing online travel products.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.30-39
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• 2018

This study was conducted with the aim of presenting a strategic implication for effective political campaign in the election situation which is held almost every year including the early presidential election. For this purpose, the $2{\times}2{\times}2$ triad experiment design of framing, involvement, political efficacy. The result shows that the main effect of framing and political efficacy was found, but the main effect of involvement was not shown. And also a result of two-way ANOVA, the interaction between framing and involvement was significant, but the interaction effect between framing and political efficacy was not significant. In addition, the three-way interaction effects of framing, involvement, and political efficacy were also significant. This study suggests that prospect theory is not often used to test the effects of political campaign messages and suggests new perspectives on political campaign strategies by introducing the prospect theory into election campaign message research.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.251-270
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• 2019

Purpose Unlike advertising through the traditional media targeting unspecified number of people, the base of mobile environment using smartphone has expanded so that many companies can classify prospective customers according to their purpose, thereby enabling efficient targeted marketing with low cost. Design/methodology/approach This study has investigated how can marketing strategy be influenced by the price promotion type (immediate discount/delayed discount) and message framing (positive/negative) according to time pressure (low/high). Hypotheses are set through the consideration of prospect theory, endowment effect, framing effect, regulatory-focus theory, and time-pressure theory. Findings The results and interpretation of this study are as follows. First, it was found that the influence of the delayed discount on the purchase intention was larger than the immediate discount. Second, negative/loss frame messages have more influence on purchase intention than positive/profit frame messages. Third, when the price promotion type is delayed discount, the effect of the promotion message on the purchase intention when it presented by negative/loss frame is greater than the other cases. The implication of this study is that it can be used as a basic data for establishing a strategy to maximize the effectiveness of promotions effectively considering potential buyers of mobile commerce environment.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.99-105
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• 2016

Purpose - In the present study, it has become the most important necessity in our daily lives that consumers' psychological factors affect the use of smartphones, and it has been analyzed through behavioral economic approaches. In this respect, the present study is intended to apply the heuristic theory and the prospect theory among behavioral economics theories to examine how psychological factors affect consumers' product selection. Research design, data, and methodology - In the present study, using smartphone repurchase as a dependent variable, whether regulatory focus effects have interaction effects on behavioral economic theories and behavioral economic effects such as possession (ownership) effects, framing effects, and brand recollection. As an analysis method, questionnaire surveys conducted with university students in Incheon were examined through Two-Way ANOVAs using the SPSS23 package. Results - The analysis from the results are as follows. Using smartphone repurchase as a dependent variable, the main effects and interaction effects on two variables; satisfaction difference with product functions and positive framing variable were statistically significant. Using repurchase as a dependent variable was statistically significant, there was no interaction effect between the two variables; satisfaction difference with product functions and the difference of brands in possession. Using smartphone repurchase as a dependent variable, interaction effects on two variables; satisfaction difference with product functions and the lengths of product possession periods were not statistically significant. The results from the analyses of interaction effects of brand recollection and brands type were statistically significant in possession using repurchase as a dependent variable. The results from the analyses of the main effect of the brands type were statistically significant in possession using repurchase as a dependent variable. Conclusions - The implication of the present study is that it suggests the factors that became important for customers' smartphone purchase following the change in the meaning of smartphones from practical products in the past to hedonic products. Limitations of the present study are first, the study subjects are limited to students and the number of copies in questionnaires is only approximately 130, which is insufficient, so that the present study is not sufficient as a study for entire smartphone users.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.147-165
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• 2017

Recently, there have been numerous issues about password breaches and it is becoming important for the users to manage their passwords. In practice, the online service provider are asking the online users to change their passwords periodically. However, majority of the users are not changing their passwords regularly, and this can increase the risk of password breach. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether 'fear appeals' and 'message framing' enhance the behavior of changing passwords by the online users. Furthermore, we identify the mechanism on how the behavior of changing passwords is enabled using protection motivation theory. The results of an online experiment show that the online users who are exposed to 'fear appeals' perceived a more vulnerability and severity of password breaches, which in turn, increased the intention of changing their password. In addition, we found that perceived severity of password breaches affect fear positively. Moreover, we found that fear has significant impact on the willingness of changing passwords. Finally, Message framing plays a moderating role between fear and change intentions. That is, in a situation where 'fear appeal' is presented, it means that 'gain framing' is more effective than 'loss framing' These findings suggest that the online service providers may need to use 'fear appeals' to the online users. Security managers can address issues related to the password breaches by carefully designing 'fear appeals'.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.469-480
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• 2013

This study suggests 12 products regarding the pending question of tourism package price mechanism which is linked directly and indirectly to Jeju Tourism, and shows the following conclusions through inspection in mental accounting principles and framing effect based on prospect theory. First, when presenting the price list of the tourism package, it is needed to present in price bundling. Second, it is proven that it is desirable that information about discount prices open the individual discount information of the basic package and option package to public. Third, it is discovered that experienced tourists in purchasing tourism products are more sensitive to price information (price discount) than inexperienced tourists, so that framing effect conform to Knowledge-assembly theory. The current questions of this study are that 'no discount' information should be presented in bundling, that the method of framing is important in presenting discount product information. It is required not only to grasp the viewpoint of modern people in purchasing tourism products, but also to present ready-to-serve products which can save time, effort, cost to give stability in mental accounting principles.

• Korean Architects
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• no.6 s.458
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• pp.76-79
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• 2007