• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
• /
• 제42권7호
• /
• pp.35-40
• /
• 2005

본 논문에서는 900MHz 대역 중저속 무선 통신용 칩에 이용되는 3차 ${\Delta}{\sum}$ modulator를 사용한 Fractional-N PLL 주파수 합성기를 설계 및 제작하였다 우수한 위상노이즈 특성을 얻기 위해 노이즈 특성이 좋은LC VCO를 사용하였다. 그리고 고착시간을 줄이기 위해서 Charge Pump의 펌핑 전류를 주파수 천이 값에 따라 조절할 수 있도록 제작하였고 PFD의 참조 주파수를 3MHz까지 높였다. 또한 참조 주파수를 높이는 동시에 PLL의 최소 주파수 천이 간격을 10KHz까지 줄일 수 있도록 하기위하여 36/37 Fractional-N 분주기를 제작하였다. Fractional Spur를 줄이기 위해서 3차 ${\Delta}{\sum}$ modulator를 사용하였다. 그리고 VCO, Divider by 8 Prescaler, PFD, 및 Charge Pump는 0.25um CMOS공정으로 제작되었으며, 루프 필터는 외부 컴포넌트를 이용한 3차RC 필터로 제작되었다. 그리고 Fractional-N 분주기와 3차 ${\Delta}{\sum}$ modulator는 VHDL 코드로 작성되었으며 Xilinx Spartan2E을 사용한 FPGA 보드로 구현되었다. 측정결과 PLL의 출력 전력은 약 -11dBm이고, 위상노이즈는 100kHz offset 주파수에서 -77.75dBc/Hz이다. 최소 주파수 간격은 10kHz이고, 최대 주파수 천이는 10MHz이고, 최대 주파수 변이 조건에서 고착시간은 약 800us이다.

• 한국전산유체공학회지
• /
• 제8권3호
• /
• pp.50-55
• /
• 2003

Recent numerical simulation has a tendency to require the higher-order accuracy in time, as well as in space. This tendency is more true in LES and acoustic noise simulation. In the present work, the accuracy of a Fractional step method, which is widely used in LES simulation, has been increased to the fourth-order accurate compact Pade discretization. To validate the present code, the flow-field past a cylinder was simulated and compared with experiment. A good agreement with experiment was achieved.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전자공학회 2006년도 하계종합학술대회
• /
• pp.519-520
• /
• 2006

In this paper, we propose a voltage-controlled ring oscillator (VCO) for a 900 MHz low-noise fractional-N frequency synthesizer. The VCO delay cell is based on an nMOS source-coupled pair with load elements [1] and a combined tail current sources which consist of a large and a small current source to control the integer and fractional behaviors, respectively. The Spectre simulation results of the scheme in a 0.18um CMOS process show the accurate control of the KVCO better than the conventional one.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국전산유체공학회 2003년도 추계 학술대회논문집
• /
• pp.152-157
• /
• 2003

As computer capacity has been progressed continuously, the studies of the flow characteristics have been performing by the numerical methods actively. Recent numerical simulation has a tendency to require the higher-order accuracy in time, as well as in space. This tendency is more true in LES and acoustic noise simulation. In this study, 3-dimensional unsteady Incompressible Navier-Stokes equation was solved by numerical method using the fractional step method with the fourth order compact pade scheme to achieve high accuracy To validate the present code and algorithm, 3D flow-field around a cylinder was simulated. The drag coefficient and lift coefficient were computed and, then, compared with experiment. The present code will be tailored to LES simulation for more accurate turbulent flow analysis.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
• /
• 제25권9호
• /
• pp.903-911
• /
• 2014

본 논문에서는 광대역 수신기에서 고속으로 동작하며, 위상 잡음의 크기와 형태를 개선한 이중 PLL 구조 주파수 합성기를 제안한다. 위상 잡음 및 불요신호의 개선을 위해 두 번째 PLL의 기준 주파수로 사용되는 첫 번째 PLL의 출력주파수를 변경하였다. 6.5~8.5 GHz에서 동작하며, 디지털 NCO(Numerically Controlled Oscillator)와 연계하여 주파수 해상도 1 Hz를 만족하는 주파수 합성기를 설계하였고, 제작된 주파수 합성기는 동조속도 60 us 이내로 동작하며, 출력 전력은 약 -3 dBm 이상, 위상 잡음은 10 kHz offset에서 -95 dBc/Hz 이하를 만족한다.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국소음진동공학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회논문집
• /
• pp.656-661
• /
• 2005

An optimization formulation of unconstrained damping treatment on beams is proposed to minimize vibration responses using a numerical search method. The fractional derivative model is combined with RUK's equivalent stiffness approach in order to represent nonlinearity of complex modulus of damping materials with frequency and temperature. The loss factors of partially covered unconstrained beam are calculated by the modal strain energy method. Vibration responses are calculated by using the modal superposition method, and of which design sensitivity formula with respect to damping layout is derived analytically. Plugging the sensitivity formula into optimization software, we can determine optimally damping treatment region that gives minimum forced response under a given boundary condition. A numerical example shows that the proposed method is very effective in minimizing vibration responses with unconstrained damping layer treatment.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
• /
• 제6권4호
• /
• pp.91-98
• /
• 2015

The Brownian motion or Wiener process, as the physical model of the stochastic procedure, is observed as an indexed collection random variables. Stochastic procedure are quite influential on the confinement potential fluctuation in the quadrupole ion trap (QIT). Such effect is investigated for a high fractional mass resolution Δm/m spectrometry. A stochastic procedure like the Wiener or Brownian processes are potentially used in quadrupole ion traps (QIT). Issue examined are the stability diagrams for noise coefficient, η=0.07;0.14;0.28 as well as ion trajectories in real time for noise coefficient, η=0.14. The simulated results have been obtained with a high precision for the resolution of trapped ions. Furthermore, in the lower mass range, the impulse voltage including the stochastic potential can be considered quite suitable for the quadrupole ion trap with a higher mass resolution.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
• /
• 제15권7호
• /
• pp.829-835
• /
• 2005

An optimization formulation of unconstrained damping treatment on beam is proposed to minimize vibration responses using a numerical search method. The fractional derivative model is combined with RUK's equivalent stiffness approach in order to represent nonlinearity of complex modulus of damping materials with frequency and temperature. Vibration responses are calculated by using the modal superposition principle, and of which design sensitivity formula with respect to damping layout is derived analytically. Plugging the sensitivity formula into optimization software, we can determine optimally damping treatment region that gives minimum forced response under a given boundary condition. A numerical example shows that the proposed method is very effective in suppressing nitration responses by means of unconstrained damping layer treatment.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
• /
• 제13권12호
• /
• pp.938-946
• /
• 2003

Length of an unconstrained viscoelastic damping layer on beams is determined to maximizeloss factor using a numerical search method. The fractional derivative model can describe damping characteristics of viscoelastic damping materials accurately, and is used to represent nonlinearity of complex modulus with frequencies and temperatures. Equivalent flexural rigidity of the unconstrained beam is obtained using Ross, Ungar, Kelvin[RUK] equation. The loss factors of partially covered unconstrained beam are calculated by a modal strain energy method. Optimal lengths of the unconstrained viscoelastic damping layer of beams are identified with ambient temperatures and thickness ratios of beam and damping layer by using a finite-difference-based steepest descent method.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국소음진동공학회 2003년도 추계학술대회논문집
• /
• pp.665-671
• /
• 2003

Length of an unconstrained viscoelastic damping layer on beams is determined to maximize loss factor using a numerical search method. The fractional derivative model can describe damping characteristics of the viscoelastic damping material, and is used to represent nonlinearity of complex modulus with frequencies and temperatures. Equivalent flexural rigidity of the unconstrained beam is obtained using Ross, Ungar, Kerwin(RUK) equation. The loss factors of partially covered unconstrained beam are calculated by a modal strain energy method. Optimal lengths of the unconstrained viscoelastic damping layer of beams are obtained with respect to ambient temperatures and thickness ratios of beam and damping layer.