• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.188-191
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• 2000

Appetite stimulant ether-soluble neutral extract of a high-grain compound feed was separated into four fractions with an open column of silica gel chromatograph using four carrier solutions containing n-pentane and diethyl ether as 100:0 (Fraction A), 90:10 (Fraction B), 75:25 (Fraction C) and 0:100 (Fraction D). The stimulative effects of the fractions were examined by comparing the intake of hay (with or without the fractions) in two-choice test bioassays with cattle. The Fractions A, B and C of the neutral extract stimulated (p<0.05) hay consumption in cattle, whereas Fraction D had no effect on selective feeding when compared with the control fraction. Furthermore, Fractions A, B and C had higher (p<0.05) feeding stimulative indices (FSI) than that of the Fraction D. The results suggest that chemical stimulants to increase palatability of hay are present in the neutral Fractions A, B and C of high-grain concentrate.

• 한국초등수학교육학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.563-588
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• 2015

초등학교에서는 여러 가지 이유로 교수학적 변환이 불가피하다. 수학에서는 덧셈과 곱셈은 이항연산, 뺄셈과 나눗셈은 단항연산으로 다루고 있는 반면, 초등에서는 사칙연산 모두를 이항연산으로 취급하는 교수학적 변환을 시도한다. 그런데 사칙연산의 개념을 '익힌다는 것'은 개념이 어떻게 도입되는가가 더 중요하게 부각된다는 점에서 개념을 이해하는 것과는 다르다. 이에 본 연구에서는 자연수와 분수의 사칙연산을 개념 익히기(개념이 어떻게 도입되고 있는지와 연산 선택의 문제)와 연산 사이의 연결이라는 두 가지 관점으로 분석하여, 자연수와 분수의 사칙연산 지도와 관련된 몇 가지 시사점을 도출하였다. 분수의 나눗셈에서는 상황을 바탕으로 연산을 선택하지 않고 곧장 분수의 곱셈과의 연결을 시도했다는 것과 분수의 나눗셈을 그 자체로 이해하기 위해서는 5학년 2학기와 6학년 1학기에 걸쳐 제시되어 있는 분수의 나눗셈을 통합해야 한다는 것 등이 그것들이다. 이는 후속 교과서 개발 시 유용한 참고자료가 될 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.577-583
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• 1998

Methanol extracts of Commelina communis, a Korean wild edible plant showing hypoglycemic effect on diebetic rats were fractionated systematically by hexane, chloroform, butanol, and water, and these four fractions were administered orally to streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats to evaluate the hypoglycemic effect. The butanol and water fractions of Commelina communis lowered blood glucose levels of diebetic rats at a dose of 500 mg/kg/day. Administration of each fraction except that of chloroform increased the plasma protein levels. Liver protein levels were significantly higher in the butanol- and water fraction-fed groups. The results suggest that the butanol fraction of Commelina communis has hypoglycemic effect on diabetic rats and the intake of Commelina communis may be beneficial for the management of diabetes mellitus.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.260-267
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• 1988

Forteen healthy women, with normal serum cholesterol levels, were supplemented with two egg yolks daily for the 1st week and four egg yolks for the 2nd week to their customary diets for 2 weeks period. Serum cholesterol, triglyceride, phospholipid and lipoprotein fractions were determined. Serum cholesterol and phospholipid levels were not affected by the supplementation of egg yolks. However, triglyceride level was significantly increased by the supplementation of four egg yolks at the end of the 1st week, but the level remained normal range. The serum lipoprotein pattern was influenced by the supplementation of egg yolks : HDL fraction significantly decreased, while LDL and VLDL fractions significantly increased.

• 약학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.221-227
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• 1983

New lectins, lymphoagglutinating lectins from mung beans (MBLA) have been isolated and purified. Mung beans crude extracts were made with 0.15M NaCl and these were purified through anionic exchange chromatography. Four fractions were obtained from DEAE Sephadex A-50 by salt gradients elution. Lectin activity, enzyme activity, protein assay, identification of purity by polyacrylamide gel electrphoresis and immunochemical studies were carried out with these four fractions. Through these results, it can be suggested that 0.2M fraction is newly found potent MBLA. There were some relationships with MBLA and L-PHA but no similarities were observed between MBLA and E-PHA.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.227-232
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• 2000

Fresh pine needles were collected and extracted with 95% methanol and the extract was concentrated to determine its antimicrobial activity. The methanol extract had a considerable inhibitory effect on the tested bacteria, such as Esherichia coli 0157;H7, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella typhimurium, and Staphylococcus aureus. The methanol extract of pine needles was further fractionated to chloroform, ethylacetate, butanal, and water fractions. Among these four fractions, the butanol and water fractions, which showed a relatively strong inhibitory effect on all of the tested bacteria, were purified and the minimum ingibitory concentration (MIC) was determined for each microorganism. The MIC raged between 25 mg/ml and 45 mg/ml depending on the microorganism. the purified active fractions were applied to sterilized milk as a model food system to define the antimicrobial effectiveness and it was found that the antimicrobial activities in the water fractions were stronger than those in the butanol fractions.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.607-614
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• 2009

본 연구는 말똥성게에 대한 항 발암 효과와 항산화 효과에 대하여 조사하였다. 먼저 말똥성게 분획물의 항 발암 효과를 알아보기 위하여 핵산, 메탄올, 부탄올 및 물로 순차적으로 분획하여 각 분획별로 암세포에 대한 증식 억제효과와 암 예방 지표인 QR 유도 활성 효과를 측정하였다. 그 결과 4종의 모든 암세포주 HepG2, MCF-7, HT29 및 B16-F10에서 농도 의존적인 암세포 증식 억제 효과를 나타내었으며, 모두 HPMH층에서 가장 높은 암세포 성장 억제 효과를 나타내었다. 그러나 HepG2에서 측정한 QR 유도 활성 효과는 HPMB층에서 가장 높은 효과를 보였다. 또한 항산화 효과 중 ROS 제거활성 측정결과에서는 HPMH층이 가장 높게 나타났으며 13.00 ${\mu}g/ml$에서 50%의 ROS 제거활성 효과를 나타내어 positive control로 사용한 trolox와 비교하였을 때 거의 유사한 제거활성을 보였다. 그리고 $ONOO^-$ 제거활성 역시 HPMH층이 가장 높게 나타났으며, positive control과 비교하였을 때 penicillamine의 $IC_{50}$값인 5.51 ${\mu}g/ml$ 보다는 낮았으나 15.14 ${\mu}g/ml$의 $IC_{50}$값을 나타내어 다른 분획층에 비해서는 높은 항산화 효과를 확인할 수 있었다. 아질산염 제거활성 측정 결과에서도 HPMH층이 가장 높은 제거활성 효과를 나타내었으며 특히 pH가 낮을수록, 시료농도가 증가할수록 아질산염 제거활성 효과가 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 이상으로 항 발암효과 중 암세포에 대한 증식 억제효과는 HPMH층이 가장 높았고 QR 유도 활성 효과는 HPMB층에서 가장 높았으며 항산화 효과는 ROS, ONOO- 및 아질산염 제거활성에서 모두 HPMH층이 가장 높음을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 앞으로 HPMH층과 HPMB층에 대한 집중적인 연구가 요구되어지며 말똥성게를 이용하여 항암관련 기능성 식품과 식품 저장성과 안전성 향상을 위한 식품첨가제나 보존제등의 개발가능성과 그 효과도 기대할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.204-212
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• 1985

Lipid and fatty acid compositions of the bound lipids in Panax quinquefolium (Korea, Japan and China), Panax quinquefolium (America, Canada) and Panax notoginseng (China) were studied by means of silicic acid column chromatography, thin-layer chromatography and gas-liquid chromatography. The could lipid contents in various ginsengs were 0.29 to 0.48%, in which neutral lipid fractions were 63.6 to 67.3%, glycolipid fractions 21.9 to 25.7% and phospholipid fractions 7.7 to 12.4%. The content compositions of neutral lipid fractions were lower and those of glycolipid and phospholipid fractions were higher in the bound lipids than in the free lipids from the various ginseng. The major components were fatty acids, diglycerides and free sterols in neutral lipid fractions, monogalactosyl diglyceride, sterol glucoside and esterified steryl g1ycoside in glycolipid fractions and phosphatidyl glycerol, phosphatidyl ethanolamine and phosphatidic acid in phosphoipid fractions. Seventeen fatty acids were analyzed in the four bound lipid fractions from the various ginsengs and main fatty acids were linoleic acid, palmitic acid and oleic acid. Total saturated fatty acid and palmitic acid contents were higher and total unsaturated fatty acid and linoleic acid contents lower in the total bound lipids than in the total free lipids from the various ginsengs.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.1249-1253
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• 2006

The fractions of Capsosiphon fulvescens were studied to verify the anticancer and immunostimulating activity. The fractions from the ethanol extract of C. fulvescens were prepared by the systematic extraction procedure with the solvents such as hexane, ethyl ether, methanol, butanol and H$_2$O. The cytotoxic effects of C. fulvescens fractions against human leukemia cell line U937, mouse neuroblastoma cell line (NB41A3), human hepatoma cell line (HepG2)and rat glioma cell line (C6) were investigated. Ethyl ether fraction of C. fulvescens showed the highest cytotoxicity against all four cell lines tested. In addition, H$_2$O fraction also showed relatively high cytotoxicity. Dose dependent patterns were observed on all four cell lines. The immune-stimulating effects of C. fulvescens fractions on rat macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7) were also investigated. All five fractions of C. fulvescens extract stimulated NO production with concentration dependant manner. These results suggest that C. fulvescens may be a useful candidate for a natural antitumor and immune-stimulating agent.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권8호
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• pp.1228-1233
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• 1999

A study was conducted on four maize cultivars to determine the dry matter and fibre digestibility as influenced by advancing plant age. Samples of maize cultivars Akbar, Neelum, UM-81 and IZ-31 were harvested at weekly intervals/ growth stages. The samples of morphological fractions such as leaf and stem were also collected at various growth stages. Whole mixed fodder and different fractions of maize plant were analysed for their chemical composition and in vitro digestibility. The results showed that in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of whole maize plant, leaf and stem decreased significantly with advancing stage of maturity. Digestibility of NDF, ADF, hemicellulose and cellulose decreased significantly in all plant parts with advancing plant age/growth stages. Maximum values for the digestibility of dry matter and various cell wall constituents were observed in leaf, followed by whole plant and stem fractions. Cultivars were observed to have significant effect of IVDMD and digestibility of NDF, ADF and cellulose in all plant fractions. The results indicated that digestibility of maize fodder was affected by stage of maturity and cultivars. However, maturity had a greater effect on digestibility in all plant fractions than did cultivars. Dry matter contents were found to be significantly and negatively correlated with IVDMD of whole plant and its leaf and stem fractions. Based on correlations, regression equations were computed to predict IVDMD.