• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.353-360
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• 2011

This experiment was carried out to know adaptability, forage production and quality of corn hybrid for silage at paddy field at Chungnam region. Among agronomic characteristics, 'P32T83' hybrid was somewhat strong for waterlogging and good stay green, and low ear height as 57 cm and thicker stem diameter as 15.1 mm, and higher sugar content as 12 (Bo, %). The fresh and dry matter yield of 'P32T83' hybrid were the highest 55,220 kg/ha and 19,680 kg/ha, respectively. 'NC7117' hybrid was thicker as 15.5 cm and somewhat strong for waterlogging. The fresh and dry matter yield of 'NC7117' were 50,890 kg/ha and 19,110 kg/ha, respectively. The 'P32T83' hybrid was high as 81.9% in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD). The result of this study indicated that 'P32T83' and 'NC7117' hybrid could be recommended as having good characters according to production, waterlogging tolerance, stay green, sugar content, and stem diameter at paddy field in Chungnam region.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.271-276
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• 2003

A Jeju local variety of Italian millet (Setaria italica Beauvois) was grown at five seeding rates (6, 9, 12, 15 and 15 kg/ha) from May 1 to August 25, 2003 at Jeju to determine influence of seeding rate on agronomic characters, forage yield and quality. Days to flowering increased from 89 to 96 days as seeding rate increased from 6 to 18 kg/ha. The plant height increased from 128 to 148cm as seeding rate was increased from 6 to 12 kg/ha and then decreased to 131cm at a rate of 18 kg/ha. With increasing seeding rate, stem diameter, number of leaves, number of nodes, leaf width and weight per plant decreased but leaf length had the same trend with plant height. As seeding rate increased from 6 to 12 kg/ha, fresh furage, dry matter, crude protein, and total digestible nutrients (TDN) yield increased from 35.93 to 54.83 MT/ha, 10.49 to 17.43 MT/ha, 0.94 to 1.79 MT/ha and 5.33 to 9.27 MT/ha, respectively, and then decreased with further increased seeding rates. Crude protein, either extract, nitrogen free extract, and TDN content increased 9.0 to 12.01％, 1.3 to 1.8%, 45.6 to 47.8% and 50.8 to 55.0%, respectively, but crude fiber content decreased 35.2 to 30.0% and crude ash declined 5.8 to 8.4% as seeding rate increased from f to 18 kg/ha. The optimum seeding rate to obtain the highest forage yield was estimated to be 12 kg/ha.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.96-102
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• 2022

The present study investigated effects of microbial additives and silo density on chemical compositions, fermentation indices, and aerobic stability of whole crop rice (WCR) silage. The WCR ("Youngwoo") was harvested at 49.7% dry matter (DM), and ensiled into 500 kg bale silo with two different compaction pressures at 430 kgf (kilogram-force)/cm² (LOW) and 760 kgf/cm² (HIGH) densities. All WCR forage were applied distilled water (CON) or mixed inoculants (Lactobacillus brevis 5M2 and Lactobacillus buchneri 6M1) with 1:1 ratio at 1x105 colony forming unit/g (INO). The concentrations of DM, crude protein, ether extract, crude ash, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber of whole crop rice before ensiling were 49.7, 9.59, 2.85, 6.74, 39.7, and 21.9%, respectively. Microbial additives and silo density did not affect the chemical compositions of WCR silage (p>0.05). The INO silages had lower lactate (p<0.001), but higher propionate (p<0.001). The LOW silages had higher lactate (p=0.004). The INO silages had higher yeast count (p<0.001) and aerobic stability (p<0.001). However, microbial counts and aerobic stability were not affected by silo density. Therefore, this study concluded that fermentation quality of WCR silage improved by microbial additives, but no effects by silo density.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.370-375
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• 2016

The purpose of development new variety 'Miho' (Hordeum vulgare L.) is a favorite with livestock feed and develop varieties resistant to disease and lodging. 'Miho' was carrying out the growth habit of group III with green and mid-wide leaf. Awn that is related to preference of livestock is a semi-smooth awn. This cultivar had 96 cm of culm length, 650 of spikes $per\;m^2$. Heading date of 'Miho' was April 27, and maturing date on May 30, which were later than cultivar 'Youngyang'. It also showed strong winter hardiness, and similar resistance to shattering and bariy yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV) compared with those of check one. The best thing among the traits of a good quality with the plant green at the latter growing period. The average forage dry matter yield in the regional yield trial was about 13.1, 12.1 MT per ha in upland and paddy field, respectively, which were 9%, 2% higher than that of the check cultivar. It's also showed 6.8% crude protein, 27.1% ADF (acid detergent fiber), and 67.5% TDN (total digestible nutrients), including higher silage quality for whole crop barley. This cultivar would be suitable for the area whose average minimum temperature was above $-8^{\circ}C$ January in Korean peninsula.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.295-300
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• 2008

This experiment was conducted to compare forage production and feed value of winter forage crops at the experimental field of Livestock Division, National Institute of Animal Science from 2003 to 2004 in Jeju. The experiment was arranged in slit plot design with three replications. Main plots consisted of two cutting times, one time cutting and two times cutting. Sub plots consisted of 5 different seed combinations, T1 (Italian ryegrass), T2 (Oat), T3 (Italian ryegrass 25+Oat 75%), T4 (Italian ryegrass 50+Oat 50%), T5 (Italian ryegrass 75+Oat 25%). One time cutting showed the highest dry matter (DM) yield by 18,680 kg/ha. Tow times cutting showed the highest crude protein (CP) content by 11.97%. The all treatments have narrow range of total digestible nutrient (TDN) from 60.6% to 70.4%.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.127-134
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• 2010

A study was conducted to determine the effects the of cattle manure application on forage yield, quality and soil in orchard grass pasture at the experimental field of Subtropical Animal Experiment Station, National Institute of Animal Science from 2008 to 2009. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatment consisted of chemical fertilizer (CF N-200 kg/ha), cattle manure 50% (basis N, CM50%), CM100% (basis N), CM200% (basis N). The dry matter (DM) yield of CM200% was the highest among the other treatments. CF showed the highest average crude protein (CP) content by 12.4% and CM50% showed the lowest content by 11.0%. Average acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content were 30.4 and 69.7% respectively. All treatments have narrow range of total digestibility nutrient (TDN) from 64.0% to 69.1%. But there were big difference between treatment in forage nitrate content. Changes of physical and chemical properties of soils for applications of CF 200% and CM 200% was clearly in cattle manure application. Especially, CM application in pasture increased CF application with respect to soil pH, organic matter (OM), and avaliable phosphorous ($P_2O_5$) contents of soils.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.250-257
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• 2019

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of mountain grazing on growth performance and carcass characteristics of Hanwoo steers. Thirty two Hanwoo steers were randomly assigned. Control were fed concentrate + forage until 30 month of age. Treatment1 were fed concentrate + forage after mountain grazing from 8 to 13 months. Treatment2 and 3 were fed concentrate + forage after mountain grazing from 8 to 17 months. Hanwoo steers on Treatment 1 and 2 were slaughtered at the same age (30 months) as the control, and Hanwoo steers on Treatment 3 were slaughtered at 31 months. The average daily gain (ADG) were higher in the control than in the other treatments during the growing period (p<0.05). Carcass back fat thickness was thicker in the TRT 3 and marbling score was higher in the TRT 1 than in the other treatments; however, the differences were not statistically significant. There was no difference in the meat composition and shear force of the longissimus muscle according to the mountain grazing. However, the yellowness (b) of fat colors were significantly lower in the control than in the TRT 1 and TRT 2 (p<0.05). The effect of grazing on fatty acid composition was not constant. In conclusion, mountain grazing could reduce meat color without affecting the growth and meat quality of Hanwoo steers, and further research on the quality, yield and intake of grassland would be needed.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.111-122
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• 1992

This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of spring seeding dates on the growth, yield and quality of early and late maturing spring oat (Auena sativa L.) cultivars on the forage experimental field, College of Agriculture, Seoul National University, Suwon from March to June, 1991. The experiment was arranged as a split plot with three replications. Oat cultivars, Cayuse and Speed oat, were the main plots, and seeding dates consisted of March 15, 22, 29, April 5 and 12 were the subplots. 1. A 7-day delay in seeding represents approximately 3~8 days being early in heading. The heading date of the early maturing cultivar, Speed oat, was 14 days earlier than that of the late maturing cultivar, Cayuse. 2. The concentrations of Crude protein (CP), Acid detergent fiber (ADF), Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and zn uitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of the late maturing cultivar, Cayuse, harvested May 29 were 19.6, 30.0, 44.9, and 82.7 %, respectively, but those of the early maturing cultivar, Speed oat, were 14.8. 33.3. 52.3, and 71.2 %, respectively. Chemical analyses of oat forage indicated that the contents of crude protein and lVDMD were increased from March 15 to April 12 seeding, while crude fiber was decreased. 3. Theaverage dry matter, IVDDM and CP yields of oats harvested May 29 were 2,960, 2,435 and 572 kg per ha, respectively with the late maturing cultivar. Cayuse. while the early maturing cultivar, Speed oat, recorded 3,255, 2.298 and 475 kg per ha, respectively. No significant dry matter yield differences were found among the different seeding dates of March 15, 22 and 29 for the two oat cultivars. but a significant yield decrease was found from April 5 seeding. No interactions in dry matter yield were observed between oat cultivars and seeding dates. 4. Maximum Leaf area index (LAI) and Leaf area index duration (LAID) were observed with earlier seeding and the LA1 of Cayuse cultivar was twice or three times as much as that of Speed oat cult~var as the growth progresses. 5. As the seeding date was earlier. the Crop growth rate (CGR) of the late maturing cultivar, Cayuse. was increased continuously. but that of the early maturing cultivar, Speed oat, was declined after May 29. This trend was also found on the Net assimilation rate (NAR) of Speed oat cultivar. The present experiment indicates that spring oats can be successfully produced as forages by seeding in March with early maturing cultivars.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.202-209
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• 2018

This study was conducted to compare annual productivity of whole crop rice and winter crops in paddy field of southern region in Korean peninsular. Whole crop rice (WCR) varieties used in this experiment were Suwon 605, Yeongwoo, and Mogwoo bred at the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), and Rye (Gogwoo), Italian ryegrass(IRG, Greenfarm) and Triticale (Choseong) were used as winter crops. Each crop was cultivated using the standard cultivation method and harvesting of whole rice was carried out about 30 days after heading date. The dry matter (DM) content was the lowest in Italian ryegrass (p<0.05), and the highest value was 29.4% in triticale. The dry matter yield of rye was the highest (p<0.05), and there was no significant difference between Italian ryegrass and triticale (p>0.05). There was no difference in forage quality among seeding time of each species, but there was a difference among the species (p<0.05). In particular, rye showed lower CP, IVDMD, TDN and RFV values than other species. The average dry matter production of whole crop rice was 18,484 kg/ha, but there was no significant difference among the cultivars (p>0.05). Crude protein (CP) content was significantly lower in Mogwoo than other and TDN and RFV values were the highest in Mogwoo. In the annual productivity evaluation, combination of rye-Suwon 605 showed the highest DM yield at 26,515kg/ha. Based on the above results, it was concluded that the combination of Suwon 605-rye (Gogwoo) was the most effective cropping system for annual forage production using whole crop rice and winter crop in the southern region of Korean peninsular.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.36 no.9
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• pp.1314-1326
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• 2023

Sheep and goats can efficiently convert low quality forage into high-quality meat which contains specific nutrients and quality traits. Carcass traits and quality attributes of sheep and goat meat depend upon several factors and one of most effective strategies amongst these is feeding regimens. In this review, the major aspects of feeding regimens affecting growth rate, carcass traits and quality attributes of sheep and goat meat are thoroughly discussed, with a particular focus on physical-chemical composition, flavor profile, and fatty acid (FA) profile. Grazing lambs and kids receiving concentrate or under stall-feeding systems had greater average daily gain and carcass yield compared with animals reared on pasture only. However, growth rate was higher in lambs/kids grazing on pastures of improved quality. Moreover, the meat of grazing lambs receiving concentrate had more intense flavor, intramuscular fat (IMF) content, and unhealthy FA composition, but comparable color, tenderness, juiciness, and protein content compared to that of lambs grazed on grass only. In contrast, meat of concentrate-fed lambs had more intense color, greater tenderness and juiciness, IMF and protein contents, and lower flavor linked to meat. Additionally, the meat of kids grazed on concentrate supplementation had higher color coordinates, tenderness, IMF content and unhealthy FA composition, whereas juiciness and flavor protein content were similar. In contrast, kids with concentrate supplementation had superior color coordinates, juiciness, IMF content and unhealthy FA composition, but lower tenderness and flavor intensity compared to pasture-grazed kids. Thus, indoor-finished or supplemented grazing sheep/goats had higher growth rate and carcass quality, higher IMF content and unhealthy FA composition compared to animals grazed on grass only. Finally, supplementation with concentrate increased flavor intensity in lamb meat, and improved color and tenderness in kid meat, whereas indoor-fed sheep/goats had improved color and juiciness as well as reduced flavor compared to pasture-grazed animals.