• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.519-529
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• 2015

본 연구는 식품불안정이 일반적 특성, 신체적 및 정신적 건강상태, 영양소 섭취량, 한국인영양섭취기준 (KDRIs) 대비 영양소 부족 섭취자의 비율, 식사의 질과 다양성 등에 미치는 영향을 밝히고자 하였다. 이에 제 5기 1차년도 (2010년) 국민건강영양조사 (KNHANES) 자료를 이용하여 65세 이상 노인 939명을 대상으로 하였고, 연구 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 식품불안정은 측정항목의 답변에 따라 총 3개의 그룹인 food secure 군 (FS)과 mildely food insecure 군 (FI 1), moderately/severly food insecure 군 (FI 2)으로 분류하여 분석에 이용하였다. FS군은 33.1%를. 식품불안정군 (FI 1, FI 2)은 67%를 차지하여, 전체대상자의 약 2/3가 식품불안정한 상태에 있는 것을 알 수 있었다. 2) 식품불안정에 따른 일반적 특성에서는 연령, 배우자의 유무, 교육수준, 소득수준에서 유의적인 관련성을 보였다. 식품 공급이 불안정 할수록 평균 연령이 높아졌으며, 교육수준과 소득수준은 낮아졌다. 식품불안정군에서 이혼과 사별을 포함하는 배우자가 없는 경우가 배우자가 있는 경우보다 더 많은 비율을 차지하고 있었는데, 이는 사별을 많이 경험하게 되는 노인에게서 유의미한 결과를 나타내었다. 3) 건강상태를 파악하기 위해 신체적 건강과 정신적 건강을 분석하였는데, 식품불안정 정도가 심각해질수록 건강상태가 좋지 못한 것으로 나타났다. 한국 노인에서는 식품불안정이 신체적 건강보다는 정신적 건강에 더 큰 영향을 미치는 것을 알 수 있었다. 스트레스 인지, 우울 증상 경험, 자살 생각여부를 포함하는 정신적 건강에서 식품불안정 정도가 심각해질수록 그 위험성이 커지는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 특히 식품불안정은 우울 증상을 야기할 뿐만 아니라 우울증의 유지요인으로 작용 하는 것으로 조사되었다. 4) 식품불안정과 영양섭취상태와의 관련성을 파악하기 위해 에너지 비율과 영양소 섭취량, 한국인영양섭취기준 대비 영양소 부족 섭취자의 비율을 조사하였는데, 대부분의 영양소에서 식품불안정군의 절대적인 섭취량이 적었고, 영양섭취기준보다 부족하게 섭취하는 자의 비율이 높았다. 5) 식품불안정군의 식사의 질과 식사의 다양성이 떨어지는 것으로 나타났고, 특히 식사의 다양성을 조사한 총 식품 점수 (DVS)와 식품군 점수 (DDS)에서 식품안정군과 식품불안정군 간의 점수 차이가 큰 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 한국 노인에게 식품불안정이 신체적 및 정신적 건강상태를 악화시키고 식이섭취상태에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 요인으로 작용하는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제27권7호
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• pp.740-751
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• 1994

Sister chromatid exchanges(SCE) in peripheral lymphocytes is recently used as a biomarker for increased cytogenetic damage in smokers. The purpose of the investigation was to determine if there were any relationships between dietary factors and their DNA damage as measured by SCE test in a group of 62 male cigarette smokers and 36 non-smokers. As expected, smokers as compared with non-smokers had high SCE levels (10.59$\pm$0.21 versus 9.23$\pm$0.17 SCE/lymphocytes ; p<0.05). No significant relationships were observed between SCEs and age in smokers and non-smokers. In smokers, SCEs were negatively correlated with egg frequency score(r=-0.336) and total food frequency scores(r=-0.283). In non-smokers, SCEs were positively correlated with white vegetable frequency score(r=0.333) and instant food frequency score(r=0.382). There was a positive association between SCEs and the history of coffee intake of smokers(r=0.318). SCE frequency was not influenced by any other dietary factors considered ; dietary diversity and quality scores, alcohol consumption, use of processed foods and intake of burned food. No significant relationships were found between SCEs and serum cholesterol or other hematological parameters of the subjects. These results indicate that increased egg frequency score, total food frequency score which reflects dietary quality, and decreased coffee intake may reduce cancer risk by preventing smoking-induced DNA damage as reflected by sister chromatid exchanges in human lymphocytes.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.430-442
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• 2009

This study was designed to investigate the relationship between the dietary intake according to calorie intake from a coffee containing beverage and the bone health status of 189 female collegians. The study was conducted through questionnaires, anthropometric checkup, 3-days food records and ultrasound measurement of calcaneus bone mineral density. Subjects were divided into three groups: students not drinking coffee(non-coffee group, N=56), students consuming <100 kcal daily from coffee(low-calorie coffee group, N=84), and students consuming $\geq100$ kcal of their total daily calories from coffee(high- calorie coffee group, N=49). There were no significant differences in weight, height, body mass index, body fat and calcaneus bone mineral density among the three groups. The low-calorie coffee group usually drank black coffee or instant coffee mix, and the high-calorie coffee group habitually drank coffee with milk or sugar syrup. There were no significant differences in the mean daily energy and food intake among the three groups. However, vitamin $B_2$(p<0.05) and calcium (p<0.01) intake in the high-calorie coffee group were higher than in the non-coffee group. Also, mean intake of sugars, fish and shellfishes, milks and beverages in the high-calorie coffee group were also significantly higher than in non coffee group(p<0.05). There was no significant difference in the Korean Dietary Diversity Score(KDDS) among the three groups. The main calcium source was milk in all three groups, and milk intake(total and included with coffee) was highest in the high-calorie coffee group. Although no significant difference was apparent between the high-calorie and non-coffee groups concerning anthropometric factors and calcaneus bone mineral density, consumption of coffee may have influenced food and nutrient intake. The results suggest that consumption of milk-supplemented coffee may be of nutritional benefit.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.620-629
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to assess dietary habits and seasonal variation and diversity of food intakes of elderly women living alone as compared to those of elderly women living with family in a rural area. Forty nine elderly women living alone and forty one elderly women living with family who reside in Goryeong-gun, Gyeongbuk, were interviewed using questionnaires in summer 2005, and their food intakes were assessed secondly in winter and thirdly in spring 2006. The average ages were 74.7 years for elderly living alone and 72.8 years for elderly living with family. Tooth status and bone fracture experience were similar between the groups. The prevalence of musculoskeletal disease was 61.2% and that of circulatory disease was 32.7% of the subjects. Average of total score of mental depression of the subjects was 5.94 out of 12 points, and it was not significantly different between the two groups. Skipping meals was more frequent and mealtime was more irregular in the elderly women living alone as compared with the elderly women living with family. Consumption of dietary supplements was also less in the elderly women living alone. Food intakes by the elderly women living alone tended to be lower than those by the elderly women living with family. Dietary diversity score was significantly lower with the elderly women living alone as compared with the elderly women living with family only in summer (p < 0.01). Percentages of the subjects who have taken meat group and vegetable group were significantly lower in the elderly living alone compared with the elderly living with family during summer. Therefore, it is necessary to develop food assistance or supporting program suited for the season within a community for elderly women living alone.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.660-675
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• 2015

This study was performed to assess the nutrient intake and dietary diversity of Korean children and adolescents using the Korean dietary pattern index developed in previous studies. For this study, 6,462 children and adolescents aged 7~18y who participated in the dietary intake survey (24h recall method) of the 2007~2013 KNHANES were sampled. The food items included in the Korean dietary index were jusik-ryu, guk/tang-ryu, gui/jjim-ryu, namul-ryu, yeomjangchaeso-ryu, jang-ryu and mitbanchan-ryu. All the subjects and both age groups (7~12y, 13~18y) were divided into quartiles. According to the results of this study, the range of the Korean dietary pattern score was 0~58 for all of the subjects and also in the 13~18 age group, and was 0~52 in the 7~12y age group. When the pattern score for each food group was compared across the quartiles of the Korean dietary pattern score, in all the subjects as well as in the 7~12y and 13~18y age groups, the pattern score for jusik-ryu and yeomjangchaeso-ryu was highest in Q1~Q4. or all the food groups, the mean pattern score was highest in Q4. These results suggested that the Korean dietary pattern score is highly associated with jusik-ryu including rice and yeomjangchaeso-ryu including kimchi. Accordingly, it is considered necessary to develop an index that reflects the characteristics of Korean cuisine and, at the same time, assesses the nutritional status and food consumption tendency of Korean children and adolescents.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.75-87
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• 2024

Purpose: Dietary habits are strongly related to the symptoms of people with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Therefore, personalized nutrition management can help reduce symptoms and improve the quality of life of people with IBS. This study assessed the effectiveness of a personalized web-based nutrition management based on the types of food that trigger IBS symptoms. Methods: Sixty Korean adults with IBS according to Rome IV criteria in their 20s and 30s were enrolled in this study. The data from the final 49 patients who completed a three-month personalized nutrition intervention were analyzed. The general information, anthropometry, dietary intake survey, and gut microbiota were examined pre and post-intervention. The gut microbiota analysis included the relative abundance and the Shannon index. The food intake was recorded for two days for personalized nutrition education, followed by three months of personalized nutrition intervention. Statistical analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test in SPSS 26.0, with the significance set to p < 0.05. Results: The relative abundance of the gut microbiota changed after personalized nutrition management, with a significant decrease in the presence of Veillonella (p = 0.048). Furthermore, when the gut microbiota was analyzed according to the type of food that triggers symptoms, the diversity was increased significantly in the high fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAPs) type (p = 0.031) and FODMAPs-containing gluten-type personalized nutrition intervention types (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Gut microbial diversity and gut microbiota distribution changed after using web-based personalized nutrition management. Hence, personalized nutrition management that considers trigger foods may improve IBS symptoms.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.940-955
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to compare the degree nutrient intake, health status and other characteristics of females aged 65 years and over in a longevity area according to family arrangement. For analysis, 585 female elderly were recruited from the Kugoksoondam area (Kurye, Goksung, Soonchang and Damyang counties), known as the longevity-belt region in Jeonla province, Korea. The subjects were categorized into three groups according to family arrangement (living alone, living with spouse only and living with family). Demographic characteristics were collected, as well as information on physical measurements, blood tests for biochemical indicators, health status and health-related life style, dietary behavior, favorite food groups, consumption frequency of food groups, nutrient intake and mini nutrition assessment. In the group living with their spouse only, the highest education, physical activity, diverse food intake, frequency of eating meats and fish, energy and nutrients intake, and score on the mininutrient status assessment (MNA) were found to be significantly favorable factors. Taken together, these results demonstrated that the group living with their spouse only had relatively superior nutrient intake and the quality of diet. In contrast, the group living alone showed the lowest self-rated economic status, diversity of food intake, and physical activity, with the highest frequency of drinking, smoking and regular exercise for almost everyday compared with the other groups. On the other hand, those living with family demonstrated the lowest intake of supplements or functional foods, and levels of hemoglobin hematocrit MCH, but the highest HBA1c and blood sugar. Therefore, the group living with family was assumed to be at risk of anemia and diabetes. These results could be useful to plan effective strategies to increase the health-life expectancy of Korean elderly people living in rural areas, according to family arrangement.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.641-648
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• 2010

This study attempted to estimate the dietary quality and the food diversity by analyzing the military foodservice menu. To evaluate the dietary quality, an analysis of NAR(Nutrient Adequacy Ratio) and MAR(Mean Adequacy Ratio) were carried out. DDS(Dietary Diversity Score), DVS(Dietary Variety Score) and DMGFV(Dairy Product, Meat, Grain, Fruit, Vegetable group) were used for assessment of food diversity. A Can-pro 3.0 and an excel were used for dietary data analysis and SPSS 12.0 program was used for statistical analysis. The results were as follows. The NAR of the 9 nutrients was above the RDAs and MAR was $1.71{\pm}0.19$. For 19 days(61.3%), DDS was 5 and for 12 days(38.7%), DDS was 4. The average of DDS was $4.6{\pm}0.25$. The Fruit & vegetable groups were not often served compared to other groups and especially fresh fruit were not given enough. The average of DVS and DVSS were $22.48{\pm}0.61$ and $29.26{\pm}0.66$ each. The most frequent food pattern was 'DMGFV=11111' which was served for 19 days(61.3%) and second frequent pattern 'DMGFV=11101' was served for 12 days(38.7%). DDS was significantly associated with Vit. C intake and DVS and DVSS was significantly related to Vit. $B_1$ and Vit. $B_2$ intakes. The MAR was significantly correlated with only DVSS. It could be interpreted that DVSS is a useful parameter for evaluating nutrient intakes as previous studies verified. Based on these findings, it can be said that military foodservice was provided with adequate nutrition and diversity. Menu was well composed of various foods which met the nutrition standards, but should provide more fresh fruits for adequate provision of vitamins and minerals.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.143-149
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• 2007

Inadequate dietary intakes and poor health behaviors are of concern among rural residents in Korea. This study is conducted to compare dietary intakes, dietary diversity score (DDS), mean nutrient adequacy ratio (MAR) and health related behaviors by rural, factory and urban areas in Asan. A total of 930 adults (351 men and 579 women) were interviewed to assess social economic status (SES), health related behaviors and food intakes by a 24-hour recall method. Mean age was 61.5 years with men being older (64.8 years) than women (59.3 years, p<0.001). Men in the factory area were older than rural or urban men while urban women were the youngest. Education and income of urban residents were higher than other area residents. There were more current drinkers in urban area while smoking status was not different by regions. Physical activity was significantly higher in rural or factory areas, whilst urban residents exercised more often (p<0.05). Rural or factory area residents considered themselves less healthy than others while perceived stress was lower than urban residents. Energy intakes were higher in urban residents or in men, however, after SES was controlled, energy intake did not show any differences. Energy-adjusted nutrient intakes were significantly higher in the urban area (p<0.05) for most nutrients except for carbohydrate, niacin, folic acid, vitamin $B_6$, iron and fiber. Sodium intake was higher in factory area than in other areas after SES was controlled. DDS of rural men and MAR of both men and women in the rural area were significantly lower when SES was controlled. In conclusion, dietary intakes, diversity, adequacy and perceived health were poor in the rural area, although other health behaviors such as drinking and perceived stress were better than in the urban area. In order to improve perceived health of rural residents, good nutrition and exercise education programs are recommended.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.394-402
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to investigate diet quality and changes in nutrient and food intake with increase in age. Subjects were 69 patients(28 males, 41 females) living in Jeon-ju city, over middle-aged, and they were the same patients studied 4-7 years ago in a previous study. Dietary survey with one day 24-hour recall method was used. Energy, calcium, vitamin A and vitamin B$_2$intakes were lower than the RDA and vitamin C was in excessive status in pre-test and post-test. In food groups examrned, the consumption of potatoes, beans, vegetables, seaweeds, beverages, seasonings, oils, fish & shells and milks was increased amount than 4-7 years before but the consumption of cereals(p<0.01), sugars, seeds, fruits, processed food, meats and eggs was decreased. Diet quality was assessed by %RDA, nutrient adequacy ratio(NAR), mean adequacy ratio(MAR), dietary diversity score(DDS), meal balance and food group pattern. In %RDA, those proportion of appropriate intake in post-test in were higher than those in pre-test. For most nutrient except vitamin A, the levels of NAR in post-test were higher than in pretest. The MAR, an index of overall dietary quality, was 0.77 for pre-test and 0.83 for post-test(p<0.05). When we counted the major food groups consumed(KDDS), 62.3% of subjects had a KDDS of 3 in pre-test and 42.0% of subjects had a KDDS of 4 in post-test. Based on these results, in terms of variety and balance, total diet quality was improved with advancing of age.