• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.133-140
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• 2010

The pork hams and bacon comprising the most popular processed pork were treated with autoclave to investigate application of hypoallergenic pork. Among pork hams and bacon, two products with the highest binding ability were selected for experiments. The results of ci-ELISA on pork hams treated with autoclave showed that the binding ability of p-IgG and pigallergic patient's sera (P2) to PSA (porcine serum albumin) from pork ham samples by autoclave treatment at $121^{\circ}C$ for 30 min was slightly decreased. The binding ability to p-IgG of b and c bacon treated with autoclave was declined to below 16% and 11% as compared with control sample that showed 60% and 91% binding ability. The binding ability to P2 of b and c bacon treated with autoclave decreased to below 22% and 34% as compared with control sample that showed 95% and 126% binding ability. A result of immunoblotting on bacon showed that p-IgG as well as pig patient's sera did not recognize PSA well in autoclave treatment. The results obtained from this work indicated that autoclave treatment was effective for a reduction of allergenicity of pork hams and bacon. Therefore the autoclave treatment may be applied to development of hypoallergenic pork.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.167-172
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• 2014

Optimal conditions for extraction of bakkenolide B from Petasites japonicus leaves were determined by using response surface methodology. A second-order Box-Behnken design representing three extraction temperatures (80, 100, $120^{\circ}C$), three extraction times (30, 45, 60 min), and three solvent pH's (5, 7, 9) was executed. The efficiency of the extraction conditions was defined using the ${\beta}$-hexosamidase assay by comparing both the bakkenolide B content and its anti-allergic activity expressed as extract inhibition on degranulation. The response surface plot described for the bakkenolide B content showed that the maximum content was predicted as 121.6 ${\mu}g/g$ with extraction conditions of $127.1^{\circ}C$, 46.6 min, and pH 7.7. Extraction temperature and time were important factors in determining bakkenolide B content. Using regression analysis, correlation between the inhibition effect of mast cell degranulation and bakkenolide B content was found to be low.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.883-889
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• 2016

A new lactic acid bacteria with gluten-degrading activity which was isolated from salted sea foods (traditional Korea fermented food), identified as Weissella confusa (99%) by use of API kit and 16S rRNA sequencing, and designated as W. confusa. When the W. confusa cultured for 48 hours at $30^{\circ}C$ in a MRS medium containing 1% gluten, 45% of gluten was founded to be degraded. W. confusa showed 85% of survival rate at pH 3, and 94% tolerance at 0.1% oxgall, which indicates that W. confusa would survive in stomach of human. Experiments on the thermostability was confirmed that it has a stability of 70% in $50^{\circ}C$. W. confusa inhibited the growth of some pathogen, except for S. aureus. Results in this study suggest that using W. confusa for fermentation of grain flour containing gluten would be desirable to prepare the gluten-free foods needed for those who suffer from celia disease and gluten allergy.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.9
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• pp.994-1002
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• 2017

This study was performed to evaluate the anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergy, and whitening effects of Zizania latifolia ethanol extracts prepared from 5 different ethanol concentrations (10, 30, 50, 70, and 90%). As the ethanol concentration in the extraction solvent was increased, the radical scavenging activities also increased. The inhibitory activity of Z. latifolia ethanol extracts on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells tended to increase as the content of ethanol increased. The highest inhibitory activity was obtained with 70% ethanol extract. The antiallergy effects of Z. latifolia ethanol extracts were tested by measuring the release of ${\beta}-hexosaminidase$ in IgE-sensitized RBL-2H3 cells. The suppressive effect of Z. latifolia ethanol extracts increased in a dose-dependent manner as the proportion of ethanol increased, except for the 10% ethanol extract. Furthermore, the inhibitory effects of Z. latifolia ethanol extracts against melanin production in ${\alpha}-melanocyte$ stimulated hormone (MSH)-stimulated B16F0 cells increased as the ethanol ratio increased, and 70 and 90% ethanol extracts showed similar inhibitory activities to arbutin, a positive control, at $250{\mu}m$. The present study confirmed the efficacy of Z. latifolia ethanol extracts in various areas, demonstrating antioxidative, anti-inflammation, antiallergy, skin protective, and skin whitening effects, with no cytotoxicity. It could be used as a raw material in functional foods, as well as in cosmetics.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.208-214
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• 2018

Purpose: Platycodon grandiflorum (a domestic diploid variety, DV-PG) has been used as a food and component of various traditional oriental medicines. Although DV-PG is known to have an anti-allergic effect, little is known about the beneficial health effects of the tetraploid 'Etteum' variety in the Platycodon grandiflorum (TV-PG), which is a recently developed variety. In this study, we investigated the effect of TV-PG on the rat basophilic leukemia mast cell (RBL-2H3)-mediated allergic response. Methods: To examine the effects of TV-PG on the allergic response, RBL-2H3 cells were sensitized with dinitropheny (DNP)-immunoglobin E, treated with various concentrations of TV-PG, and challenged with DNP-human serum albumin. We estimated cell granulation by measuring the release of ${\beta}$-hexosaminidase and production of inflammatory mediators by ELISA. Results: TV-PG had no effect on the proliferation or cytotoxicity of RBL-2H3 cells within the concentration range of 0 to $200{\mu}g/mL$. TV-PG inhibited degranulation of RBL-2H3 cells by antigen stimulation in a dose-dependent manner. TV-PG also suppressed the production of inflammatory cytokines and mediators such as interleukin-4, tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$, prostagladin E2, and leukotriene B4 in RBL-2H3 cells by antigen stimulation. Conclusion: These results indicate that TV-PG exhibits anti-allergic activity via inhibition of degranulation as well as suppression of inflammatory mediators and cytokine release. These findings suggest that TV-PG may have potential as a preventive and therapeutic agent for the treatment of various allergic diseases.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.141-152
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• 2016

The demand to develop more safe and efficient methods for treating allergic patient is now continuously growing due to the increasing prevalence of allergic diseases. Probiotics are endogenous microbial flora that gives health benefits within hosts. Probiotics are now considered as one of solutions to treat allergic patients since recent evidence shows that some of probiotics have immunomodulatory function. Also, the treatment of probiotics to patients is relatively safer than other anti-inflammatory agents. In this review, we summarized on immunomodulatory function of some probiotics which show preventive or therapeutic effects on major allergic diseases such as atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, asthma, or food allergy. Based on previous literature, the treatment of probiotics can alleviate the symptoms of allergic diseases via balancing $Th_1/Th_2$ response or increasing the number of regulatory T ($T_{reg}$) cells.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.137-147
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• 2014

This study investigates the antioxidant and anti-adipogeneic effects of fermented Rhus verniciflua., evaluating the total phenol, total flavonoids contents and antioxidant activity of the fermented Rhus verniciflua as well as assessing the lipid accumulation during adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells. Our results demonstrate that the total phenolic and flavonoids contents of fermented Rhus verniciflua were $29.2{\pm}0.12$ GAE mg/g and $20.4{\pm}1.52$ RE mg/g, respectively. The antioxidative activities of fermented Rhus verniciflua were significantly increased in a dose dependent manner on DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging, ABTS(2,2'-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt) radical scavenging, FRAP(ferric reducing antioxidant power)activity, reducing power. In addition, the fermented Rhus verniciflua did not show any cytotoxicity up to 300 ug/mL. However, the anti-adipogenic effect of fermented Rhus verniciflua extract was barely detectable.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.139-146
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• 2010

The inhibitory effects of 25 polyphenols against in vitro allergic reactions were compared using biochemical and cell assays. Three polyphenols including curcumin, gallic acid, and quercetin suppressed the release of $\beta$-hexosaminidase from ionophore A23187-stimulated RBL-2H3 cells more effectively (>50% inhibition at $100{\mu}M$ concentration). They were found to have potencies in suppressing the release of histamine not only from ionophore A23187-, but also from immunoglobulin E (IgE)-stimulated RBL-2H3 cells. Moreover, such suppressive effects of the three polyphenols were also observed in A23187 plus PMA-costimulated rat peritoneal mast cells. The extent of inhibition were quantified as the respective polyphenol concentration that inhibit 50% ($IC_{50}$) of $\beta$-hexosaminidase or histamine release, showing an inhibition tendency with decreasing order of curcumin>gallic acid>quercetin. Down-regulation of $Ca^{2+}$ influx was suggested as the cause of the inhibition of $\beta$-hexosaminidase and histamine releases in these cells. The immune process inhibition was confirmed by the observed reduction in the gene expressions and release of pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-$\alpha$, interleukin (IL)-$1\beta$, and IL-4, due probably to antioxidant activity of the polyphenols. These findings illustrate that curcumin, gallic acid, and quercetin may be beneficial against allergic inflammatory diseases.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2020

The latest definition of a prebiotic is "a substrate that is selectively utilized by host microorganisms conferring a health benefit"; it now includes non-food elements and is applicable to extra-intestinal tissues. Prebiotics are recognized as a promising tool in the promotion of general health and in the prevention and treatment of numerous juvenile diseases. Prebiotics are considered an immunoactive agent, with the potential for long-lasting effects extending past active administration of the prebiotic. Because of its extremely low risk of serious adverse effects, ease of administration, and strong potential for influencing the composition and function of the microbiota in the gut and beyond, the beneficial clinical applications of prebiotics are expanding. Prebiotics are the third largest component of human breast milk. Preparations including galactooligosaccharides (GOS), fructooligosaccharides (FOS), 2'-fucosyllactose, lacto-N-neo-tetraose are examples of commonly used and studied products for supplementation in baby formula. In particular, the GOS/FOS combination is the most studied. Maintaining a healthy microbiome is essential to promote homeostasis of the gut and other organs. With more than 1,000 different microbial species in the gut, it is likely more feasible to modify the gut microbiota through the use of certain prebiotic mixtures rather than supplementing with a particular probiotic strain. In this review, we discuss the latest clinical evidence regarding prebiotics and its role in gut immunity, allergy, infections, inflammation, and functional gastrointestinal disorders.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.53-84
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• 1994

The study has been carried out to investigate of the Allergic Rhinitis by referring to 87 literatures. The results were as follows; 1. In oriental medical science, Allergic Rhinitis is belong to the category of the 'BiGu'(鼻구) 'GuChe'(구체). The 'Gu'(구) of the BiGu means watery rhinorrhea, the 'Che'(체) of the GuChe means sneezing. 2. The cause of a disease summarize the weak of Lung, Spleen and Kidney, and invasion into the nasal cavity of PoongHan etc a wrong air. Sometimes the pathologial change appear PoongHan changeHwa(風寒化火), HwaYeol is hidden in the inside(火熱內伏). The contributing factors are found a season(spring, winter), an abnormal weather(運氣 : 少陰 少陽 陽明 司天, 歲金不及), an emotional stress, an external wound of the harmful air, a food allergens and fatigue, a contact of substances, a sunlight etc. 3. Predominant symptoms are watery rhinorrhea, sneezing and nasal obstruction. Sometimes accompanic symptoms are nasal bleeding, mucopurulent rhinorrhea, olfactory disturbance, nasal polyp, rhinolalia clausa, respiratory disfunction etc. 4. The treatment-methodes is as follows, OnBoPaeJang GeoPoongSanHan(溫補肺臟 祛風散寒), GeonBilkGi(健脾益氣), BoSinNabGi (補腎納氣). The treatmentherbs is as follows, OnBoJiLuDan GaGam(溫補止流丹 加減), OkByeongPoongSan plus ChangIJaSan GaGam(玉屛風散合 蒼耳子散 加減), BoJungIkGiTang GaGam plus SoCheongLyongTang(補中益氣湯加減 配合 小靑龍湯), SinGiHwan GaGam(腎氣丸加減), GaeJiTang(桂枝湯) etc. 5. The external treatment is as follows, JeokBi(滴鼻), ChuiBi(吹鼻), SaekBi(塞鼻), stick and herbs-injection on the acupuncture-point, pressure ear acupuncture-point, herbs-pillow etc. 6. The acupuncture-moxa treatment is as follows, the methodes of cure apply TongJoGyeongGi(通調經氣), SanTongBiGui(宣通鼻竅) etc. Predominent acupuncture-points are YoungHyang(迎香), InDang(印堂), BiTong(鼻通), SangSeong(上星), HabGok(合谷) and so on. As mentioned above, from now on, it's need to the oriental medical scientific study of the Immunity and Allergy and to the external treatment's application for the ascent of the treatment-effect of the allergic disease.