• 한국화재소방학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국화재소방학회 1997년도 International Symposium on Fire Science and Technology
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• pp.85-92
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• 1997

Flammability of non-flame-retardant and flame-retardant materials was studied by using cone calorimeter Also, relations between the results obtained by using cone calorimeter and those obtained by the flammability test of japanese fire Service Law were examined. The results are as follows: 1) The ignition time of the molten specimens is relatively long, whereas the ignition time of the non-molten specimens is short. None of remarkable difference of the ignition time has been found between non-flame-retardant and flame-retardant materials specimens. 2) The peak heat release rates of flame-retardant materials are smaller than those of non-flame- retardant materials. 3) The carbon monoxide and smoke evolved from flame-retardant materials generate much more than those evolved from non-flame-retardant materials. 4) Even if flame-retardant materials are passed by the flammability test of Japanese Fire Service Law, they burn easily under external radiative heating condition.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.55-60
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• 2016

The Membrane structure has a number of problems in the application of a fireproof code based on general buildings codes. Thus, the fireproof code of membrane structure is necessary to activate the construction of the membrane structure. Because it requires a systematic classification of fire retardant and flame proof performance of membrane material. Fire retardant and flame proof tests are conducted on membrane materials mostly used in current construction to propose the fire and flame retardant performance criteria of membrane materials. Fire and flame retardant tests results, PTFE membrane material with the glass fiber fabric have a limit-combustible performance. PVDF membrane material with the polyester fabric does not ensure the fire retardant performance, but this membrane material has the flame retardant performance of a thick fabric. Also, ETFE does not ensure the fire retardant performance, but this membrane material has the flame retardant of a thin fabric.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.47-51
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• 2019

The three different polymer compounds were manufactured with the three different fire retardant (silane coated magnesium dihydroxide) contents, 180, 200, 220 phr, for making cable sheath for ship industry. In the research, ethylene-vinylacetate, polyethylene as matrix polymers and ethylene-vinylacetate grafted maleic anhydride as coupling agent were selected for compounding with fire retardant, closslinking agent, plasticizer, and other additives. In the evaluation. ΔT, Mooney viscosity, and tensile strength increased with the content of fire retardant. But it was found that too much fire retardant damaged aging resistance and cold resistance of the polymer compound.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2003

Shredded waste newspapers, waste acrylic raw fibers, and urea-formaldehyde (UF) adhesives, at 10% by weight on raw material, were used to produce recycled waste paper-waste acrylic raw fiber composite boards in laboratory scale experiments. The physical and mechanical properties of fire retardant treated recycled waste paper-waste acrylic raw fiber composite boards were examined to investigate the possibility of using the composites as internal finishing materials with specific gravities of 0.8 and 1.0, containing 5, 10, 20, and 30(wt.%) of waste acrylic raw fiber and 10, 15, 20, and 25(wt.%) of fire retardant (inorganic chemical, FR-7^®) using the fabricating method used by commercial fiberboard manufacturers. The bending modulus of rupture increased as board density increased, decreased as waste acrylic raw fiber content increased, and also decreased as the fire retardant content increased. Mechanical properties were a little inferior to medium density fiberboard (MDF) or hardboard (HB), but significantly superior to gypsum board (GB) and insulation board (IB). The incombustibility of the fire retardant treated composite board increased on increasing the fire retardant content. The study shows that there is a possibility that composites made of recycled waste paper and waste acrylic raw fiber can be use as fire retardant internal finishing materials.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.118-122
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• 2019

Four different polymer compounds were manufactured to make cable sheaths for the shipping industry. Two kinds of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) as the main matrix polymers and EVA-grafted maleic anhydride (EVA-g-MAH) as the coupling agent were selected for compounding with fire retardant, crosslinking agent, filler, plasticizer, and other additives. The properties of the four compounded materials were investigated with different contents of the fire retardant, silanecoated magnesium dihydroxide (S-MDH). In the rheology evaluation, the $t_{60}$ and ${\Delta}T$ values increased with increasing S-MDH contents. On the other hand, the tensile strength decreased with increasing S-MDH content due to a relative decrease in binder polymers. With increasing S-MDH content, fire resistance increased, but cold resistance showed no obvious enhancement due to the polar effect of vinyl acetate in EVA.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제38권9호
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• pp.1150-1155
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• 2014

강화플라스틱(FRP) 선박은 화재 시 화염확산을 막기 위하여 관련 구조 기준에 따라 기관실 주위 벽 내부를 난연성 수지로 3회 이상 적층하거나, 이와 동등한 방열재로 둘러싸야한다. 관련 난연성 적층용 수지 및 일부 난연재료(연질폴리우레탄복합체)의 경우 선박용 물건의 형식승인 시험기준에 따라 그 성능을 평가할 수 있으나, 방열재로 빈번하게 사용되고 있는 '겔코트'에 대한 성능기준은 명확하지 않은 실정으로 난연성 수지와 화재안전성능이 비교 평가된 바 없다. 본 연구에서는 FRP 선박을 건조하는 조선소를 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하여 사용 중인 난연성 수지 3종, 겔코트 4종, 방염도료 1종 및 폴리우레탄 복합재 1종에 대해 화염전파시험과 방염성능시험을 적용하여 그 성능을 비교하였다. 화염전파시험 결과 임계열유속(CFE) 기준으로 각 종별 평균값을 비교하면 폴리우레탄 복합재, 난연성 수지, 방염도료, 겔코트 순으로 양호한 것으로 나왔고, 겔코트는 3회 도포한 것이 6회 도포한 것보다 양호한 결과를 보였다. 방염성능시험 결과 탄화면적 기준으로 각 종별 평균값을 비교하면 방염도료가 가장 좋게 나왔고 난연성 수지와 겔코트는 유사한 수준으로 나타났다.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.65-70
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• 2012

This study was performed to test the combustive properties of the pipe insulation materials which are mainly used in the industries and buildings. Fire characteristic test of pipe insulation film according to the KS F ISO 5660-1 was performed. The experimental materials commonly used in the pipe insulation were used four kinds of films. Two kinds of 4 types of products that have the flame retardant performance and the other two types of them have no flame retardant performance. They were selected for fire characteristic test. The result of finding 25kW/$m^2$ radiation from the ignition was that flame retardant products were 140sec and the other one were 69sec in average of heat release rate(HRR). The result of flame retardant products in the 50kW/$m^2$ was 34sec and the other one were 15sec in average of HRR. However, the HRR of flame retardant products was much higher than the other one. Flame propagation test was conducted according to the KOFEIS 1001. The result of flame retardant products was that flame retardant products had a hold without fire spread after firing them. But the other one were completely fired after firing them. Therefore, I want to recommend that flame retardant products need to be used by the regulation to prevent or decrease a fire spread.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.149-156
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• 2017

This study investigates fire-retardant performances and combustion/thermal characteristics of fire-retardant treated wood by comparing them with those of fire-retardant untreated wood from the expreimental resutls of cone calorimeter and thermo-gravimetric(TG) analyzer. Hazardousness of combustion product gases for fire-retardant treated wood and untreasted wood were also observed from the results of internal finish material incombustibility test according to the Korea standard code of KS F 2271. In this study, we also tried to improve the fire retardant performance of wood by applying fire-retardant chemical composites, and to secure the fire safety performance in buildings. Red pine (Pinus densiflora) was selected as a test specimen because it is mostly used as a building material in Korea. Fire retardant chemical composites (FRCs) were prepared by mixing boron, phosphorous, and nitrogen species and treated by press-impregnation method. Water-based FRCs were composed of 3% boric acid($H_3BO_3$), 3% borax decahydrate($Na_2B_4O_7$), 8% ammonium carbonate($(NH_4)_2CO_3$), diammonium phosphate ($(NH_4)_2HPO_4$) varied from 10-30% and potassium carbonate($K_2CO_3$) varied from 10-30%. From the test results of cone calorimeter, TG analysis and gas hazard assessments, newly proposed were the optimal composition and production methods of FRCs which can sufficiently meet fire-retardant level 3 based on Korea law of construction. Thus, the FRCs, developed in this study, are anticipated to contribute to the improvement of fire safety and widespread of usage in wood as building materials.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.31-42
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• 1992

In this study, the relative effectiveness of antimony trioxide-containing coat on fire retardancy of plywood, particleboard and medium density fiberboard was investigated and compared through ISO ignition test and inclined panel test with non-coated ones. The results obtained were summarized as fallows: Any treated materials was not ignited in inclined panel test with 5 minutes, but only particleboard among treated ones burned in ISO ignition test with fairly delayed time. The weight loss rate of plywood decreased with the increased addition level of fire-retardant and the least values were obtained in particleboard and MDF at addition level of 7% and 5% respectively. Carbonized area of wood based materials decreased with the increased addition level of fire retardant. The temperatures of back in plywood, particleboard treated with fire-retard ant coat containing 7% $Sb_2O_3$ showed the lowest but MDF did not show any effectiveness with the increased addition level. The first flash time of plywood treated with fire retardant coat containing 9% $Sb_2O_3$, MDF and particleboard treated with fire retardant coat containing 7% $Sb_2O_3$ were 257sec., 286.4sec., 165.4sec. respectively.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.42-47
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• 2019

The four different polymer compounds were manufactured to make cable sheath for ship industry. Two kinds of ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) were selected as main matrix polymers for compounding with fire retardant, crosslinking agent, filler, plasticizer, and other additives. The properties of the four compounded materials were investigated with the contents of fire retardant, silane coated aluminum hydroxide (S-ATH). Rheology, Mooney viscosity, and tensile strength increased with S-ATH contents by reinforcing effect. With increasing fire retardant amount, fire resistance increased, but cold resistance didn't show an obvious enhancement due to polar effect of vinyl acetate in EVA.