• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.45-49
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• 2019

This paper reports comparison between analytic and numerical simulation approaches for calculation of screening current and screening current induced field in a high temperature superconductor magnet. Bean slab model is adopted to calculate screening current and SCF analytically, while the finite element method numerically. A case study of screening current and SCF calculation are conducted with a magnet, a 7 T 68 mm cold-bore multi-width no-insulation GdBCO magnet built and tested by Massachusetts Institute of Technology Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory. In this study, we assume the magnet is dunked in liquid nitrogen at 77 K. Furthermore, the simulation results are compared in terms of computation time and accuracy. Finally, discussion on the different methods together with the comparison between the calculations and experiment is provided.

• Interaction and multiscale mechanics
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.213-234
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• 2010

A multiscale method is presented for analysis of thin slab structures in which the microstructures can not be reduced to two-dimensional plane stress models and thus three dimensional treatment of microstructures is necessary. This method is based on the classical asymptotic expansion multiscale approach but with consideration of the special geometric characteristics of the slab structures. This is achieved via a special form of multiscale asymptotic expansion of displacement field. The expanded three dimensional displacement field only exhibits in-plane periodicity and the thickness dimension is in the global scale. Consequently by employing the multiscale asymptotic expansion approach the global macroscopic structural problem and the local microscopic unit cell problem are rationally set up. It is noted that the unit cell is subjected to the in-plane periodic boundary conditions as well as the traction free conditions on the out of plane surfaces of the unit cell. The variational formulation and finite element implementation of the unit cell problem are discussed in details. Thereafter the in-plane material response is systematically characterized via homogenization analysis of the proposed special unit cell problem for different microstructures and the reasoning of the present method is justified. Moreover the present multiscale analysis procedure is illustrated through a plane stress beam example.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.501-515
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• 2014

This paper presents a linear computational homogenization framework to evaluate the effective (or generalized) electromechanical coupling coefficient (EMCC) of adaptive structures with piezoelectric structural fiber (PSF) composite elements. The PSF consists of a silicon carbide (SiC) or carbon core fiber as reinforcement to a fragile piezo-ceramic shell. For the micro-scale analysis, a micromechanics model based on the variational asymptotic method for unit cell homogenization (VAMUCH) is used to evaluate the overall electromechanical properties of the PSF composites. At the macro-scale, a finite element (FE) analysis with the commercial FE code ABAQUS is performed to evaluate the effective EMCC for structures with the PSF composite patches. The EMCC is postprocessed from free-vibrations analysis under short-circuit (SC) and open-circuit (OC) electrodes of the patches. This linear two-scale computational framework may be useful for the optimal design of active structure multi-functional composites which can be used for multi-functional applications such as structural health monitoring, power harvest, vibration sensing and control, damping, and shape control through anisotropic actuation.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.293-299
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• 2016

본 논문은 확장된 프로젝션 기법을 사용한 위상 최적설계 방법을 다루고 있다. 다양한 형상과 길이 스케일을 가지는 프로젝션 함수를 개발해 위상 최적설계 기법에 적용시킴으로써, 복합재료의 설계에서 형상 및 크기가 미리 주어진 보강재의 최적 배치를 위상 최적설계를 통해 결정할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 또한 이와 같은 프로젝션 기법이 균질화법과 결합되어 체적탄성률 또는 전단탄성률 등의 유효 재료특성을 최대화시키는 단위 구조를 설계함으로써, 주기 구조를 가지는 복합재료에서 보강재의 최적 배치를 결정하고 그 유효 재료특성값을 수치적으로 계산할 수 있음을 여러 수치 예제들을 통해서 검증하였다.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.113-122
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• 2003

Topology optimization is begun with layout optimization that is attributed to Rozvany and Prager of the 1960's. They claimed that structure was transformed into truss connecting all the nodes of finite element and optimized by control of its sectional modulus. But, this method is partial topology optimization. General layout optimal design appliable to continum structure was proposed by Bendsoe and Kikuchi in 1988. Topology optimization expresses material stiffness of structure into function of arbitrary variable. If this variable is 1, material exists but if this variable is 0, material doesn't exist. Therefore, topology optimization searches the distribution function of material stiffness for structure. There are a few researchs for simple engineering problem such as topology optimization of square plane structure or truss structure. So, This study applied to topology optimization of table liner for vertical roller mill that is the largest scale in the world. After table liner decreased by 20% of original weight, the structure analysis for first optimized model was performed.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.181-188
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• 2004

Structural analysis for materials containing regularly spaced in-homogeneities is usually executed by using averaged material properties. For the homogenization process, a unit cell is defined and loaded somehow, and its response is investigated to evaluate the properties. The imposed loading conditions should accord to the behavior of unit cell immersed in the macroscopic structure in order to guarantee the accuracy of the effective properties. Each unit cell shows periodic variation of strain if the material is loaded uniformly, and in this study, direct implementation of this characteristic behavior is attempted on FE models of unit cell. Conventional finite element analysis tool can be used without any modification, and the boundary of unit cell is constrained in a way that the periodicity is satisfied. The proposed method is applicable to skew arrayed in-homogeneity problems. The flexibility matrix relating tonsorial stress and strain components in skewed rectilinear coordinate system is transformed so that the required engineering constants can be evaluated. Effective properties are computed for the materials with square and skew arrayed circular holes, and its accuracy is examined.

• Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.95-112
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• 2016

This paper presents the free vibration analysis of damaged beams by means of 1D (beam) advanced finite element models. The present 1D formulation stems from the Carrera Unified Formulation (CUF), and it leads to a Component-Wise (CW) modelling. By means of the CUF, any order 2D and 1D structural models can be developed in a unified and hierarchical manner, and they provide extremely accurate results with very low computational costs. The computational cost reduction in terms of total amount of DOFs ranges from 10 to 100 times less than shell and solid models, respectively. The CW provides a detailed physical description of the real structure since each component can be modelled with its material characteristics, that is, no homogenization techniques are required. Furthermore, although 1D models are exploited, the problem unknown variables can be placed on the physical surfaces of the real 3D model. No artificial surfaces or lines have to be defined to build the structural model. Global and local damages are introduced by decreasing the stiffness properties of the material in the damaged regions. The results show that the proposed 1D models can deal with damaged structures as accurately as a shell or a solid model, but with far lower computational costs. Furthermore, it is shown how the presence of damages can lead to shell-like modal shapes and torsional/bending coupling.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제69권2호
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• pp.155-162
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• 2019

It is very common to find an empirical formulation in an earthquake design code to calculate fundamental vibration period of a structural system. Fundamental vibration period or frequency is a key parameter to provide adequate information pertinent to dynamic characteristics and performance assessment of a structure. This parameter enables to assess seismic demand of a structure. It is possible to find an empirical formulation related to reinforced concrete structures, masonry towers and slender masonry structures. Calculated natural vibration frequencies suggested by empirical formulation in the literatures has not suits in a high accuracy to the case of rest of the historical masonry bridges due to different construction techniques and wide variety of material properties. For the listed reasons, estimation of fundamental frequency gets harder. This paper aims to present an empirical formulation through Mean Square Error study to find ambient vibration frequency of historical masonry bridges by using a non-linear regression model. For this purpose, a series of data collected from literature especially focused on the finite element models of historical masonry bridges modelled in a full scale to get first global natural frequency, unit weight and elasticity modulus of used dominant material based on homogenization approach, length, height and width of the masonry bridge and main span length were considered to predict natural vibration frequency. An empirical formulation is proposed with 81% accuracy. Also, this study draw attention that this accuracy decreases to 35%, if the modulus of elasticity and unit weight are ignored.

• Composites Research
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.188-195
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• 2022

본 논문은 멀티스케일 공정-구조 해석의 방법론을 제안하고 단섬유층과 직물층으로 이루어진 배터리 하우징 파트에 적용한다. 특별히 마이크로스케일 대표체적요소(RVE: Representative Volume Element)안 기지의 불확정성을 고려하였다. 마이크로스케일의 RVE내 기지 물성의 랜덤한 공간내 분포는 KLE(Karhunen-Loeve Expansion)을 통해 구현하였다. 공간상 랜덤분포된 기지 물성을 갖는 RVE의 유효 물성을 전산균질화를 통해 얻어 매크로스케일 유한요소 모델에 매핑하였다. 또한 하이브리드 공정해석을 통해 압축 성형 해석으로부터 얻은 잔류응력과 섬유배향을 매핑한 유한요소 모델과 드레이핑 공정 해석결과로부터 얻어진 섬유배향을 매핑한 모델을 결합하였다. 본 연구에 제안된 방법은 배터리 하우징 뿐만 아니라 다양한 재료 구성을 갖는 복합재료의 공정-구조해석을 통해 설계요구도를 엄밀하게 평가할 수 있을 것이라 기대된다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.1085-1103
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• 2016

The present paper is aimed to evaluate and compare the effective elastic properties of CNT- and graphene-based nanocomposites using 3-D nanoscale representative volume element (RVE) based on continuum mechanics using finite element method (FEM). Different periodic displacement boundary conditions are applied to the FEM model of the RVE to evaluate various elastic constants. The effects of the matrix material, the volume fraction and the length of reinforcements on the elastic properties are also studied. Results predicted are validated with the analytical and/or semiempirical results and the available results in the literature. Although all elastic stiffness properties of CNT- and graphene-based nanocomposites are found to be improved compared to the matrix material, but out-of-plane and in-plane stiffness properties are better improved in CNT- and graphene-based nanocomposites, respectively. It is also concluded that long nanofillers (graphene as well as CNT) are more effective in increasing the normal elastic moduli of the resulting nanocomposites as compared to the short length, but the values of shear moduli, except $G_{23}$ of CNT nanocomposite, of nanocomposites are slightly improved in the case of short length nanofillers (i.e., CNT and graphene).