• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.18 no.4 s.119
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• pp.372-378
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• 2007

This paper presents an improvement of field uniformity in a reverberation chamber with QRDs(Quadratic Residue Diffuser) and also shows the optimal dimension of the QRDs. The QRD is designed for $1{\sim}3\;GHz$ frequency band and the FDTD(finite-Difference Time-Domain) method is used to analyze the field characteristics. At 2 GHz, the standard deviation of test volume in the reverberation chamber is the smallest when the QRD has $30{\sim}60\;%$ coverage of one side of the reverberation chamber and the field uniformity is worsened when the coverage of the QRD is either below 20 % or above 70 % of the area of the side wall. Particularly, the standard deviation of test volume in the reverberation chamber with 30 % coverage of QRD is improved by 1.53 dB compared to that of the reference chamber with no QRDs.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.326-332
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• 2015

Analyzing electromagnetic properties in plasma medium, it is difficult to numerically solve electromagnetic problem with thin plasma. In this paper, subcell Maxwell-Boltzmann FDTD method was proposed which is combined with Maxwell-Boltzmann FDTD and subcell FDTD method for analyzing plasma and electrically thin materials, respectively. Calculations of reflection coefficient and absorption rate error were performed by using 1D FDTD method. Reflection coefficient computed by applying the proposed method is in agreement with analytic solution. Absorption rate error analyzed by employing the proposed method is 1/10 times less than one by using conventional method.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.553-563
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• 2010

This paper presents a tapered slot-antenna(TSA) for optimal impulse-signal transmission in ultra-wide band(UWB). The proposed TSA provides radiates in end-fire direction, which meets an impulse-radio UWB(IR-UWB) system demands(e.g., low loss, thus less error throughout the UWB band). In order to minimize the pulse distortion, we used an wideband impedance transformer and a microstrip slotline. The pulse fidelity characteristics was evaluated with finite-difference time-domain(FDTD) analysis technique and pulse fidelity correlation equation. Approximately 93.89 % pulse fidelity was obtained between the two antennas in 0.5 m range. Additionally, derived chirp Z-transform algorithm enables us to utilize the zoom-in option on the pulse signal in few nano-seconds below. Thus, it is possible to analyze the pulse signal distortion, delay or dispersion characteristics.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.1847-1853
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• 2011

Analysis of an indoor propagation channel has conventionally used the ray-tracing method. But, in this paper, we had modelling the channel for three dimensional indoor structure by the finite difference time domain method for three dimensional full wave analysis. An excitation signal of the FDTD method used plane wave. The plane wave was excited using the total field/scattered field method. And absorbing boundary condition used the perfectly matched layer method with 7 layers. An living room for the simulation of indoor channel modeling is surrounded the wall that be composed of the wood, the conductor, the glass and concrete. When there are furniture in the living room or not, it were simulated, respectively. As simulation results, we could identify the fading effect of multipath at indoor propagation environment, calculated mean excess delay and rms delay spread for the receiver design.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.69-76
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• 2007

High-frequency electromagnetic (EM) wave propagation associated with borehole ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is a complicated phenomenon. To improve the understanding of the governing physical processes, we employ a finite-difference time-domain solution of Maxwell's equations in cylindrical coordinates. This approach allows us to model the full EM wavefield associated with crosshole GPR surveys. Furthermore, the use of cylindrical coordinates is computationally efficient, correctly emulates the three-dimensional geometrical spreading characteristics of the wavefield, and is an effective way to discretise explicitly small-diameter boreholes. Numerical experiments show that the existence of a water-filled borehole can give rise to a strong waveguide effect which affects the transmitted waveform, and that excitation of this waveguide effect depends on the diameter of the borehole and the length of the antenna.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.516-520
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• 2012

In this paper, we have theoretically analyzed and designed a dielectric multi-layer sensor with a SPR (surface plasmon resonance) using analytical calculation and FDTD (finite difference time-domain) methods. The proposed structure is composed of periodic layer and thin metal film. It has many advantages. One of that is a high sensitivity of the SPR. Another is a high Q-factor of the characteristics in the PhC (photonic crystals) micro-cavity structure. The incident light has double resonance characteristics, because the filtered light by PhC structure, dielectric multi-layer, is met the thin metal film for SPR effect. We have also observed the change of resonance characteristics according to the variation of effective index on the metal film.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.16 no.12 s.103
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• pp.1222-1228
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• 2005

Analysis on the field uniformity inside of a reverberation chamber was done at 2.45 GHz which is an operating frequency of MWO(Microwave Oven). The Schroeder's Quadratic Residue Diffuser was designed for the chamber, and 3 different types of diffusers have been investigated using the finite-difference time-domain(FDTD) method for the field characteristics of each type. Type 2 and 3 diffusers were filled with dielectric material, and the size of these could be designed smaller than Type 1, without degradation of field characteristic. Type 3 diffuser shows better results among the three types of diffusers in view of increased test region and better field uniformity.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.108-114
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• 2012

We propose a dispersive finite-difference time domain(FDTD) algorithm suitable for the electromagnetic analysis of the human body. In this work, the dispersion relation of the human body is modeled by a quadratic complex rational function(QCRF), which leads to an accurate and efficient FDTD algorithm. Coefficients(involved in QCRF) for various human tissues are extracted by applying a weighted least square method(WLSM), referred to as the complex-curve fitting technique. We also presents the FDTD formulation for the QCRF-based dispersive model in detail. The QCRFbased dispersive model is significantly accurate and its FDTD implementation is more efficient than the counterpart of the Cole-Cole model. Numerical examples are used to show the validity of the proposed FDTD algorithm.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.847-854
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• 1999

In this paper, we have analysed frequency-dispersion characteristics of higher-order modes for uniform planar transmission lines, using the 2-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method. The method presented in this paper uses both informations of amplitude and phase of the electromagnetic spectrum to determine resonant frequencies, while methods previously reported use the magnitude only. This algorithm is very useful when a resonant mode has a relatively small magnitude, where the identification of the resonant mode is quite difficult. Numerical results show that a strip line supports few higher-order modes within the frequency range of 20 GHz, but there occur many higher-order modes in the structure of grounded coplanar waveguide, where resonant frequencies of the first higher-order mode is very close to those of the fundamental mode and there occur lots of very adjacent higher-order modes. As in this example, for the analysis of planar transmission lines which support many resonant modes very close each other, the method presented in this paper can be applied very efficiently.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.409-426
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• 2001

Absorbed power of the human head radiated from a 900 MHz portable phone and temperature rise are computed using FDTD(Finite-Difference Time-Domain) method. For this computation the 5 layered media for the human head modeling and the monopole antenna attached to metallic box for the portable phone are used. To reflect the real circumstances typical sizes of human heads and portable phones are considered in the calculation. The length of monopole antenna is 8.15 cm, and the output power of a phone is 600 mW. Under the predetermined model the distribution of 1 g, 10 g averaged SAR and temperature rise rate over the human head are calculated, from which it was found that the position of maximum SAR is near at the head skin surface, not deep places far into the head. The position of the highest temperature is located far from the head skin more than that of the maximum SAR occured. The averaged SAR and temperature along the distance between the head and phone are calculated according to seperation distance between the head and phone.