• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.4 no.2 s.12
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• pp.63-71
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• 2004

The structural space is gradually wide and is wanting agreeable environment by the requirement and necessity of people who lives modem stage. The building coincides with such requirements and is the high rise building actual circumstances which is doing ultra-large. The confirmed report of the technology to organize great merit is becoming currently considerably important issue in constructing a building field. Thus, this paper examine closely for nonlinear unstable taking a picture uneasiness height of prosperity considering to initial imperfection by a numerical method with a space frame structure of discrete system in large space structure. Based on previous investigation method, this paper induce nodal stiffness matrix of solid truss elements considering geometrical nonlinear using finite element method. In this paper, three types of space structure considered; i) 1-free node space structure, ii) 2-free node space structure, iii) multi-free node space structure. It apply the above examples to a nonlinear program, next, grasp the characteristic of an unstable conduct and the result was a clearing low.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.60 no.4
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• pp.412-418
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• 2006

Background; The diagnosis of chlamydial infection is based on serology. The current gold standard of diagnosis is MIF(microimmunofluorescence), but this modality is subjective and time-consuming. Protein microarray with using a SPR(surface plasmon resonance) sensor has recently been suggested as a method for detecting infection. For developing a protein chip to diagnose chlamydial infection, EBs(elementary bodies) were immobilized on a gold chip and the interaction between an antibody for Chlamydophila pneumoniae and the EBs(elementary bodies) immobilized on the surface of the gold chip was measured by using an SPR sensor. Methods; For the surface antigen, the EBs of Chlamydophila pneumoniae LKK1 were purified. Charged arrays were prepared by using PDDA(polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride) which has a positive charge. After immobilization of the chlamydial EBs on the PDDA surface, the investigation of the surface was done with using atomic force microscopy. After the antibody for C. pneumoniae was applied on chip, we monitored the SPR wavelength-shift to detect any antigen-antibody interaction with using a self-assembled SPR sensor. Results; The chlamydial EBs on the positively charged PDDA were visible on the surface with using atomic force microscopy. The SPR wavelength increased after interaction of antibody for C. pneumoniae with the EBs immobilized on charged gold surface. The wavelength-shift was correlated with the concentration of antigens. Conclusion; The surface immobilization of EBs on the gold surface with the charged arrays was identified and the antigen-antibody interaction on the gold chip was detected via the SPR sensor. Further investigations are needed to apply this technique to the clinical field.

• 한국벤처창업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.111-138
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• 2009

This research focuses on what factors determine firm's decisions on R&D outsourcing and how R&D outsourcing affect R&D performance. In recent years many firms outsource R&D activities instead of internalizing it. Thus, further investigation is necessary to find out this recent trend. Based on several theoretical background the study developed three determining factors of R&D outsourcing which are transactional level, firm level, and risk level. Transactional level composes of independent variables such as R&D cost saving, asset specificity and uncertainty which mainly comes from Transaction Cost Economics theory. Firm level composes of openness to technology from outer source, R&D capability, and outsourcing experience. Risk level composes of technological risk, cost-related risk and managerial risk. The result shows that R&D outsourcing is significantly related to cost saving aspect, low asset specific firms, firms without solid technological background, firms which are open to external technology, firms with other types of outsourcing experience, and firms which take technological risks. However, proposed relationship between degree of R&D outsourcing and R&D performance found out to be insignificant. This research is contribute to the field of outsourcing study since it will give guidance to managers who need to make strategic decisions on R&D outsourcing activities.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.93-104
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• 1982

DTM data evaluation regards accuracy and efficiency as its most important parameters, and these two elements are sensitively influenced by the sampling technique employed and its procedure. This study attempts to improve sampling techniques and evaluate the accuracy of DTM based on earth volume calculation, using aerial photography and field survey information as basic DTM data, and a regular grid and progressive sampling method for sampling process. Especially, the progressive sampling has employed different combinations of threshold and sampling criteria, that is, parameters influential on efficiency and accuracy, for the purpose of numerical tests intended to permit comparative analysis. The tests have resulted in the findings that in progressive sampling its grid density fits in well with given terrain characteristics in proportion to their variability. and that threshold and accuracy contain close mutual relations in which an increased threshold bringing more efficency but less accuracy. It follows, therefore. that a threshold, when appropriately determined, can be of very efficient use for considerably broad applications, and particularly, will play a significant role in its application to such general civil engineering as earth volume calculation.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.702-707
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• 2017

Insects and their extract have been traditionally used as medicinal resources in Asia. Recently, Gryllus bimaculatus and the larva of Tenebrio molitor, Protaetia brevitarsis, and Allomyrina dichotoma were enlisted as general food ingredients by Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. As the interest in these insects is growing, the detailed investigation is needed for the standardization of suitable and safe rearing techniques. This survey was conducted via personal interviews about edible insect rearing farms in Korea. The basic feed is fermented oak sawdust for P. brevitarsis and A. dichotoma and wheat bran for T. molitor. The various feed additives are blended with each farm's own recipes. The overall growth condition, including sawdust fermentation method, feeding period, and rearing density, varies among the investigated farms. It seems that weight of last instar larva was correlated with the rearing density and duration of the larval period. The heavy metal contents were analyzed after 48 hour starvation and they were very small amount or not detected in investigated insects. We believe that the present data will contribute to develop and standardize the safe rearing techniques of edible insects in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.159-177
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• 2006

Governance systems are basically an autonomous cooperation type among the government, civil society and market, also a new paradigm for efficient and democratic administration of policies. The governance mainly consists of the central operating body, institutions, operating principles and so on. The constituents are the nation(government), civil society(NGO) and market(firm). Institutional conditions are a legitimate base, financial stability and independency. And as a operating principle, governance systems have common goals and issues from a national and social point of view. This governance has been recently emerged due to financial risk of government, diffusion of new liberalism going with the globalization, localization-decentralization, and development of civil society and information-oriented society. We have to grope fur the framework of participatory agri- policy confronting globalization and localization as well as developing our agriculture and rural village. This agri-policy governance should be theoretically focused on policy network or self-organizing network or multi-lateral governance (MLG) based on NPM. Also, it is proper to have connection of nation-central type and civil society-central type. And it is necessary to have a MLG type with local governance corresponding to localization and decentralization. Governance should have the type whose participants have authority and responsibility as well. Basic directions of environmentally friendly agri-policy governance are as follows : first, its purposes are constructing the democratic and efficient framework of participatory environmentally friendly agri-policy based on consensus of all the related groups, embodying environmentally friendly agri-policy adjusted to local field, raising farmer's real interest, and improving their position. Second, its form should have a council or an agreement system, not an advisory or a consultation organ. Thus, public sector(eg. government) and voluntary sector(eg. farmers' organization) jointly execute agricultural policy and are responsible together. Environmentally friendly agri-policy governance is mainly made up of farmers' organization, cooperative and civil society(NGO). And secondary bodies are agribusinesses and academic groups. Government interacts with the main bodies on administrative execution. And environmentally friendly agri-policy governance has MLG type with a central unit, province and county units. Environmentally friendly agri-policy governance has several main functions such as agri-policy partnership, speaking for farmer's rights and interests, investigation and research on domestic and foreign agricultural streams, and etc. Especially, local unit will play roles in activation for regional agriculture, consulting on technique and management, education and training services, services entrusted by government, and so on.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.209-246
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• 2000

This study were carried out to establish the directions on ecoturism development in linking $rural\;{\cdot}\;mountain\;{\cdot}\;fishing$ villages together by led community dwellers for an alternative plan in order to economic active of $rural\;{\cdot}\;mountain\;{\cdot}\;fishing$ communities and reconstruction of community's cooperative organization and improvement and development of $rural\;{\cdot}\;mountain\;{\cdot}\;fishing$ village's domiciliative envirnment of Korea. The method of this research was chiefly used literature investigations and collections by field investigation in case of a few ecoturism resort of Korea. The result of this study were as follows : Ecoturism development in linking rural mountain fishing villages together by led community dwellers for an alternative plan in order to economic active of $rural\;{\cdot}\;mountain\;{\cdot}\;fishing$ communities and to reconstruct of community's cooperative organization and to improve and develope of $rural\;{\cdot}\;mountain\;{\cdot}\;fishing$ village's domiciliative envirnment of Korea will be effective to improve tourism environment. Especially, ecotoutism development will be effective and alternative plan in order to preserve $rural\;{\cdot}\;mountain\;{\cdot}\;fishing$ regions of our country's intact from the induction of act of pollution.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.153-161
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• 2012

This study conducted a survey and field investigation on the application of the Public Obligation System for new & renewable energy in public buildings, as well as energy consumption of each building according to their uses. The findings are as follows: (1) Since the introduction of the Public Obligation System (until June 30, 2011), there was average 1.4 new & renewable energy facilities established at 1,433 places. Preference for solar energy facilities was the highest at 57.8%. (2) The revised act sets the obligatory supply percentage of new & renewable energy for each public building: it is 9.0% for a tax office, 4.2% for a dong office, 8.2% for a public health center, and 12.6% for a fire station. All the public buildings except for fire stations failed to meet 10% expected energy consumption, a revised standard. (3) Energy consumption of each public building was 120.6TOE for a tax office, 124.3TOE for a dong office, 166.4TOE for a public health center, and 174.6TOE for a fire station. The energy consumption was comprised of 80% electric power, 18% urban gas, and 1% oil. (4) Electric power consumption per person in the room was high at a dong office, and fuel consumption per person in the room was high at a public health center. In addition, electric power consumption per unit space was high at a public health center, and fuel consumption per unit space was high at a fire station. (5) In all the four public buildings, power load had the highest basic unit percentage at average 55%, being followed by heating load (21.2%), cooling load (15%), and water heating load (7%). A tax office and fire station had 2% load due to cooking facilities.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.625-629
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• 2016

A new Gomchwi cultivar ‘Gommany’ was bred by crossing between Gomchwi (Ligularia fischeri (Ledeb.) Turcz.) and Handaeri-gomchwi (Ligularia fischeri var. spiciformis Nakai). The selection and investigation of growth and yield characteristics were conducted from 2006 to 2011 in field and greenhouse of Highland Agriculture Research Institute, NICS, Rural Development Administration. The color of petiole ear was purple. Petiole trichome existed, but light of leaf back did not. Density of leaf vein was 5 degree in a newly developed cultivar ‘Gommany’. Plant height, leaf length, leaf width and petiole length were 47.7, 16.3, 21.2, and 31.4 ㎝, respectively in the 3 year of growth characteristics. Plant size was also higher than that of ‘Gondalbi’. Bolting and flowering time were Aug. 5 and Sept. 10, respectively. In contrast, Bolting time of ‘Gondalbi’ showed 25 days quite earlier bolting time compared to ‘Gommany’, Which led to earlier flowering time. ‘Gommany’ showed higher number of leaves (138) per plant compared to ‘Gondalbi’ (130). Furthermore, yield was 97% higher in ‘Gommany’ (1,575 g/plant) than in ‘Gondalbi’ (798 g/plant). ‘Gommany’ showed higher leaf thickness (0.69㎜) than ‘Gonalbi’ (0.46 ㎜), and consequently showed more hardness in leaf characteristics (24.3 ㎏/㎠) compared to ‘Gondalbi’ (23.0㎏/㎠). ‘Gommany’ showed higher resistance in the susceptibility of powdery mildew compared to ‘Gondalbi’. ‘Gommany’ cultivar was registered as a novel variety with number 90 in The Minister of the Korea Forest Service on December 2015.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.124-132
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• 2001

Electrical resistivity survey has been conducted for delineating geological fault structure in Kaekok-ri near Kyungju. In general, electrical resistivity survey has an advantage of searching buried faults and its traces compared with other geophysical survey methods. Distribution of electrical conductivity in the ground is influenced by the ratio of pores, groundwater and clay minerals. These properties are evidenced indirectly to explain for weathering condition, faults and fracture Bones. Thus the electrical resistivity survey can be an effective method to find buried faults. We have carried out two dimensional (2-D) interpretation by means of smoothness-constrained least-squares and finite element method. Field data used in this paper was acquired at Kaekok-ri, Wuedong-eup, Kyungju-si, where is Ulsan Fault and is close to the region in which debatable quaternary fault traces were found recently. The dipole-dipole array resistivity survey which could show the 2-D subsurface electrical resistivity structure, was carried out in the area with three lines. The results showed good property of fault, fracture zone and fault traces which we estimated were congruous with the results. Through this study, 2-D electrical resistivity survey interpretation for fault is useful to apply.