DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A Field Survey on Edible Insect Farms in Korea

식용곤충 사육 선도농가 실태 조사

  • Song, Myung-Ha (Industrial Insect Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Association) ;
  • Han, Moon-Hee (Industrial Insect Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Association) ;
  • Lee, Seokhyun (Industrial Insect Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Association) ;
  • Kim, Eun-Sun (Industrial Insect Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Association) ;
  • Park, Kwan-Ho (Industrial Insect Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Association) ;
  • Kim, Won-Tae (Industrial Insect Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Association) ;
  • Choi, Ji-Young (Industrial Insect Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Association)
  • 송명하 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 곤충산업과) ;
  • 한문희 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 곤충산업과) ;
  • 이석현 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 곤충산업과) ;
  • 김은선 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 곤충산업과) ;
  • 박관호 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 곤충산업과) ;
  • 김원태 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 곤충산업과) ;
  • 최지영 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 곤충산업과)
  • Received : 2017.05.16
  • Accepted : 2017.06.19
  • Published : 2017.06.30

Abstract

Insects and their extract have been traditionally used as medicinal resources in Asia. Recently, Gryllus bimaculatus and the larva of Tenebrio molitor, Protaetia brevitarsis, and Allomyrina dichotoma were enlisted as general food ingredients by Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. As the interest in these insects is growing, the detailed investigation is needed for the standardization of suitable and safe rearing techniques. This survey was conducted via personal interviews about edible insect rearing farms in Korea. The basic feed is fermented oak sawdust for P. brevitarsis and A. dichotoma and wheat bran for T. molitor. The various feed additives are blended with each farm's own recipes. The overall growth condition, including sawdust fermentation method, feeding period, and rearing density, varies among the investigated farms. It seems that weight of last instar larva was correlated with the rearing density and duration of the larval period. The heavy metal contents were analyzed after 48 hour starvation and they were very small amount or not detected in investigated insects. We believe that the present data will contribute to develop and standardize the safe rearing techniques of edible insects in Korea.

최근 쌍별귀뚜라미와 갈색거저리, 흰점박이꽃무지 및 장수풍뎅이의 유충이 식품의약품안전처에서 정한 식품공전에 등록되어 일반식품원료로 인정되면서 식용곤충에 대한 관심이 높아짐에 따라 안전한 사육기술의 개발 및 표준화에 관한 연구가 요구되고 있다. 본 조사는 대표적인 식용곤충종인 흰점박이꽃무지, 장수풍뎅이, 그리고 갈색거저리를 대량사육하는 선도농가에 대한 현장조사 결과로, 흰점박이꽃무지와 장수풍뎅이는 참나무톱밥을 기본 먹이원으로 사용하고 갈색거저리는 밀기울을 기본 먹이원으로 사용하며, 각 곤충별로 추가되는 첨가물의 조성, 발효법, 먹이원의 공급시기, 사육조건, 출하 전까지의 유충 발육기간 등의 전반적인 생육조건들은 농가별로 상이하였다. 단지, 식용곤충별 유충의 무게는 사육밀도가 낮으며 출하 전까지 유충의 사육기간이 긴 경우 가장 무거운 것으로 조사되었다. 또한 식용곤충별로 48시간 절식 후 중금속 함량 분석 결과, 모든 곤충종에 있어 납과 카드뮴, 또는 비소의 함량이 식품의약품안전처에서 제시한 일반식품허용기준 이하의 수준이거나 검출되지 않았다. 따라서 조사 결과들을 바탕으로 흰점박이꽃무지, 장수풍뎅이, 그리고 갈색거저리의 사육조건과 먹이원, 사육방법 등을 표준화함으로써 양질의 균일한 곤충을 생산하고, 출하 전 48시간 이상의 절식 조건을 준수하여 중금속으로부터 안전성을 확보함으로써 식 약용 소재로의 활용 가능성이 매우 높을 것으로 기대된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Choi, Y. C. 2013. Current status and prospect of insect industry. Korea Rural Economic Institute, Korea.
  2. Evans, J., Alemu, M. H., Flore, R., Frøst, M. B., Halloran, A., Jensen, A. B., Maciel-Vergar G., Meyer-Rochow, V. B., Münke-Svendsen, C., Olsen, S. B., Payne, C., Roos, N., Rozin, P., Tan, H. S. G., van Huis, A., Vantomme, P. and Eilenberg, J. 2015. 'Entomophagy': an evolving terminology in need of review. J. Insects as Food and Feed 1, 293-305. https://doi.org/10.3920/JIFF2015.0074
  3. Jang, I. H. 2014. International trends of insects industry and its legislative issues in South Korea. Institution of American Constitution, Korea.
  4. Jongema, Y. 2012. List of Edible Insects of the World. http://www.ent.wur.nl.
  5. Kim, Y. G., Lee, Y. I., Yoon, M. S., Kim, E. K., Kang, J. H., Jung, I. K. and Jung, E. H. 2011. Economic breeding method development of using diversification of insects food and ecolosion seasons, Final report. Rural Development Association, Korea.
  6. Kwon, E. Y., Yoo, J. M., Yoon, Y. I., Hwang, J. S., Goo, T. W., Kim, M. A., Choi, Y. C. and Yun, E. Y. 2013. Pre-treatment of the White-Spotted Flower Chafer (Protaetia brevitarsis) as an ingredient for novel foods. J. Kor. Soc. Food Sci. Nutr. 42, 397-402. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2013.42.3.397
  7. Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs. 2010. Act on fosterage and support of the insect industry, Ministry of Government Legislation.
  8. Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. 2010. Guideline for safety evaluation of new food materials.
  9. Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. 2014. Korean Food Standards Codex (2014-106).
  10. Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. 2016. Food Sanitation Act, revised notice (2016-18).
  11. Nakagaki, B. J. and Defoliart, G. R. 1991. Comparison of diets for mass-rearing Acheta domesticus (Orthoptera, Gryllidae) as a novelty food, and comparison of food conversion efficiency with values reported for livestock. J. Economic Entomol. 84, 891-896. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/84.3.891
  12. Oonincx, D. G., van Itterbeeck, J., Heetkamp, M. J. W., van den Brand, H., van Loon, J. J. A. and van Huis, A. 2010. An exploration on greenhouse gas and ammonia production by insect species suitable for animal or human consumption. PLoS One 5, 1-7.
  13. Srivastava, S. K., Badu, N. and Pandey, H. 2009. Traditional insect bioprospecting-As human food and medicine. Indian J. Traditional Knowledge 8, 485-494.
  14. van Huis, A. 2013. Potential of insects as food and feed in assuring food security. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 58, 563-583. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-120811-153704
  15. Voraphab, I., Hanboonsong, Y., Kobori, Y., Ikeda, H. and Osawa, T. 2015. Insect species recorded in sugarcane fields of Khon Kaen Province, Thailand, over three seasons in 2012. Ecol. Res. 30, 415-415. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11284-015-1252-8
  16. Yi, L., van Boekel, M. A., Boeren, S. and Lakemond, C. M. 2016. Protein identification and in vitro digestion of fractions from Tenebrio molitor. Eur. Food Res. Technol. 242, 1285-1297. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-015-2632-6