• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.222-229
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was investigated kinds and utilities of Jeot-kal(fermented fish products) in 55 different regional area which were classified three temperature zone. The result were as follows ; (1) 95 kinds of jeot-kal found, they were subdivided 4 groups according to types and part of fish used : whole fish(46 kinds), vicera(11 kinds), shellfish(14 kinds), mollusca(4 kinds) and crustaceans(20 kinds). 17 kinds of jeot-kal were found in all area. (2) They were used as side dish, seasoning substitution of soy sauce or vinegar and important materials of kimchi. In Kimchi, 49 kinds of jeot-kal were used and Myeolchi Jeot(self-fermented enchovy) was prefered at southern area, saewoo jeot (self-fermented small shrimp), gonjengi jeot(self-fermented Mysis), hwangsegi jeot(self-fermented Hwangandali) were prefered at nouthern and middle area. Sometimes they were used in sacrified service. (3) Salt content and pH of jeot-kal at southern area were higher than other area.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.188-196
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• 2016

Purpose: In order to develop soy sauce and increase its functionality, by adding black garlic extract. Methods: We compared quality characteristics and antioxidant activity of 20 days aging black garlic soy sauce from mixed manufacturers with raw soy sauce (commercial fermented soy sauce) and different ratio of black garlic extract (65 Brix, 0.3-5.0%). Results: The salt content of the black garlic extract (0.3-5.0%) added soy sauce were 12.35-12.77%. The pH was lowered to 4.99, and acidity was increased to 2.12%, depending on the increase in black garlic extract added ratio. The crude protein and total nitrogen contents were 6.23-6.62% and 1.10-1.16%, respectively, and content of amino form nitrogen was 0.52-0.53%, without significant differences between experimental groups. Contents of reducing sugar and free sugars (fructose and glucose) tended to be higher with higher mixing ratios of black garlic extract. Total phenolic compounds and flavonoids contents were significantly increased in the 3% and 5% black garlic extract addition group. At concentrations of 62.5, 125, 250, 500, 1,000 and $2,000{\mu}g/mL$, the DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity of the polysaccharides isolated from control soy sauce and 5% black garlic extract added soy sauce showed higher correlation with their concentration. Conclusion: These results, confirmed that the soy sauce produced by adding more than 3% of black garlic extract has high antioxidant activity.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.1194-1201
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• 2015

This study conducted to investigate the impact of raw material freshness on the quality and hygienic safety of anchovy fish sauce and suggest the importance of raw material freshness to make high-quality and hygienic anchovy fish sauce by measuring the chemical compositions and histamine. To devide the raw material's freshness levels, raw anchovy was left for 24 hours and was sampled every 4 hour(Group I-VII). As a result, the levels of VBN(volatile basic nitrogen) and histamine increased as time passed each contents were 16.29-87.65 mg/100 g and 6.14-1499.63 mg/100 g respectively. As fish sauce fermented for 18 months, the contents of VBN were 205.31-270.51 mg/100 g and histamine were 120.54-1707.22 mg/100 g, respectively. These results means the levels of VBN and histamine of raw materials are significantly associated with the hygiene of anchovy fish sauce. To investigate the reason of different contents of histamine at each fish sauce, bacteria from each groups were isolated and identified. At group V-VII those the lowest three groups, Leconostoc mesenteroides ssp. cremoris was identified and that produced the highest content of histamine 22.88-101.69 mg/kg and the others produced histamine 3.79-20.2 mg/kg. This means that fish sauce made by low freshness materials contain bacteria have strong ability to make histamine from histidine. Therefore, the freshness of raw material influences the hygiene and safety of fish sauce, and it is most important to manage the freshness of raw material to make the high quality and hygienically safe fish sauce.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제44권10호
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• pp.1538-1542
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• 2015

장류 발효기술과 유용 천연물을 활용한 프리미엄 발효소스의 개발을 목적으로 소맥분과 콩의 발효물(페이스트 형태), 미더덕 껍질, 뽕잎, 양파 추출물을 단독 또는 혼합하여 첨가한 발효소스를 제조한 후, ACE 저해능과 DPPH 라디칼 소거능을 측정하였다. 그 결과 무첨가 대조구에 비하여 추출물 첨가 발효소스의 ACE 저해능과 라디칼 소거능은 증가하였다. 특히 뽕잎과 양파 추출물을 혼합하여 첨가한 발효소스가 대조구에 비하여 상대적으로 ACE 저해능이 26.92% 증가하였고, DPPH 라디칼 소거능은 40.66% 증가하였다. 이러한 결과는 항고혈압능과 항산화능을 보유한 고품질 소스의 제조에 소맥분과 콩의 발효물, 뽕잎과 양파 추출물 등이 활용될 수 있음을 시사한다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.252-255
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• 1999

우리나라 전통수산식품의 성분 특성에 관한 일련의 연구로서 재래식 및 공장산 멸치액젓과 까나리액젓의 이화학적 특성을 분석$\cdot$비교하였다. 재래식 멸치액젓 및 까나리액의 조단백질함량은 멸치액젓이 까나리액젓에 비해 다소 높았으며, pH은 재래식의 경우 멸치액젓이 6.78, 까나리액젓이 5.46이었고, 시판품은 양자 모두 이보다 낮은 5.06$\~$5.68이었다. 재래식 멸치액젓과 까나리액젓의 아미노질소함량은 각각 $888.9mg\%$ (w/v) 및 $813.5mg\%$ (w/v)이었고 산도는 각각 $17.6ml\%$ (v/v) 및 $27.7ml\%$ (v/v)였고 시판품은 양자 모두 이보다 약간씩 많았다. 액젓의 색조 비교에서, L값과 b값은 멸치액젓이 약간 높은 반면, a값과 ${\Delta}E$값은 까나리액젓이 높았다. 재래식 멸치액젓과 까나리액젓의 유리아미노산 총량은 각각 $12.40g\%$ (w/v) 및 $9.549g\%$ (w/v)로서 주요 유리아미노산은 멸치 액젓의 경우 alanine, glutamic acid, leucine, isoleucine, valine 및 Iysine 등이었으며, 까나리액젓에는 arginine, glutamic acid, leucine, alanine 및 valine의 함량이 많았다. IMP 함량은 재래식 멸치액젓 $12.1 mg\%$ (w/v), 까나리액젓 $67.8mg\%$ (w/v)로 서로 비슷하게 함유되어 있었으며, HxR의 함량은 각각 $103.7mg\%$ (w/v) 와 $172.4mg\%$ (w/v)로 까나리액젓 쪽의 함량이 월등히 많았다. 양시료 액젓의 TMAO, TMA의 함량은 각각 $108.8mg\%$ (w/v), $60.5 mg\%$ (w/v) 및 $60.1 mg\%$ (w/v), $24.1 mg\%$ (w/v)로서 멸치액젓 쪽의 함량이 많았으며, 크레아틴의 함량은 $62.4\~67.6mg\%$ (w/v)로 양자가 서로 비슷하였다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.827-832
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• 2005

본 연구는 B. subtilis JM3 단백분해효소 첨가 멸치액젓에서 분리한 peptide의 기능성(항산화, 항암 및 ACE 저해활성)에 대하여 분석하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 아미노실소 및 가수분해도는 단백분해효소 첨가구가 대조구에 비해 높았으며, 대조구, B. subtilis JM3 단백분해효소 2 및 4% 첨가구의 멸치액젓은 gel chromatography 상에서, 각각 5, 6 및 7개의 peak를 나타내었다. ACE 저해, DPPH 라디칼소거 및 항암활성은 대조구의 경우 peak 5에서 각각 34.82, 94.11 및 38.29%, 2% 효소 첨가구는 peak 6에서 각각 43.75, 90.01 및 15.61%로 4% 효소 첨가구는 peak 7에서 각각 26.34, 97.00 및 34.76%이었다. 가수분해시 생성된 peptide는 다양한 생리활성을 가지고 있었으며, 앞으로 생리활성을 갖는 peptide의 구조 분석에 관한 연구 및 그 억제 기작에 대한 더 많은 연구가 필요하다고 본다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.367-376
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• 2008

우리 식생활에서 기본 조미료의 하나인 한식간장에 기능성을 부여하고자 기존의 식염수 대신 멸치 발효액을 사용하고 약용식물인 삼백초와 어성초를 5%씩 첨가하여 4개월간 발효시켜 기능성 어간장을 제조하였다. 어간장의 특성을 조사한 결과 총질소 함량은 발효시간이 경과함에 따라 증가하는 경향을 보였는데, 어성초 첨가구가 가장 높은 값을 나타내었고 삼백초 첨가구는 대조구와 비슷한 값을 보였다. 총당 및 환원당의 함량은 어성초 첨가구가 가장 높았으며, 다음이 삼백초 첨가구, 대조구 순이었으며, 염도는 대조구보다 첨가구에서 낮게 나타났다. pH는 초기 pH 5.86에서 4개월 발효 후 대조구의 경우 pH 5.27로, 삼백초와 어성초 첨가구에서는 각각 pH 5.38, 5.54로 감소하였고, 산도는 발효 기간 동안 완만히 증가 하였으나 대조구와 약용식물 첨가구 사이에서는 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 순고형물 함량은 약용식물 첨가구에서 약간 높은 수치를 보였다. 발효 중 총균수의 변화는 전반적으로 발효 3개월까지 증가하다가 그 이후 감소하였으며 약용식물을 첨가함으로써 총균수가 보다 낮아졌고 특히 어성초의 경우 미생물의 발육 억제 효과가 큰 것으로 나타났다. 맛과 관련하여 단백질분해효소 활성도 및 핵산관련물질과 유리아미노산의 함량을 조사하였는데, 단백질분해효소 활성도는 대조구보다 약용식물 첨가구에서 활성이 약간 높게 나타났으며, 어성초 첨가구 보다는 삼백초 첨가구에서 활성이 높았다. 핵산관련물질로는 발효 4개월 후 ADP가 가장 많이 생성되었고, IMP는 발효 3개월째 생성되기 시작하여 삼백초 첨가구에서 10.6 mg%로 가장 많았고 어성초 첨가구는 6.81 mg%, 대조구는 5.32mg% 생성되었다. 유리아미노산 함량은 삼백초 첨가구가 177.1 mg%로 가장 높은 수치를 보였고 어성초 첨가구는 134.7 mg%로 대조구 171.2 mg%보다 낮은 값을 나타내었다. 그러나 맛난 맛 관련 아미노산인 glutamic acid와 aspartic acid의 함량은 삼백초와 어성초 첨가구가 각각 29.2, 34.3 mg%로 대조구 25.9 mg%보다 높게 나타났다. 기능성 어간장에 대해 ACE 저해능을 조사한 결과, 대조구와 삼백초 첨가구는 비슷한 값을 보이고 있으나 어성초 첨가구에서 는 매우 높게 나타났다. 관능검사에서는 맛, 향, 전체적인 기호도에서 어성초 첨가구가 가장 높게 평가되었고 그 다음 이 삼백초 첨가구로 나타나면서 약용식물의 첨가에 의해 거부감보다는 오히려 긍정적인 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 따라서 상시 이용되는 기본 조미료로서 약용식물, 특히 어성초를 첨가한 어간장의 경우 간장자체의 기능은 물론 맛과 기능성에서도 우수함을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.283-291
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• 2006

This study examined the development of a low-salt fermented seafood product using an ascidian (Halocynthia roretzi), and the optimum processing conditions and quality characteristics of the low-salt fermented ascidian (LSA). The optimum processing conditions for the LSA were as follows. The ascidian was shelled and its muscle sliced into 5 mm widths. This was soaked in a 10% salt and 1% sodium erythorbate solution for 20 min. The solution was drained and then the muscle was soaked in 0.1% sodium bisulfite solution for 1 min. To this was added a 1:1 mixture of anchovy sauce and rice gruel, and it was fermented at $5^{\circ}C$ for 15 days. The moisture content and salinity of the LSA were 75.0-75.4% and 8.0-8.5%, respectively. During salt-fermentation at $5^{\circ}C$ for 20 days, the amino-N content of the LSA increased, and the texture softened gradually. The viable cell counts in early salt-fermentation were $4.2-4.5{\times}10^4CFU/g$, and this decreased gradually. The ratio of saturated fatty acids tended to increase in early salt-fermentation, while that of polyunsaturated fatty acids decreased slightly. Chemical experiments and sensory evaluation showed that the dipping treatment in 1% sodium erythorbate solution and 0.1% sodium bisulfite solution resulted in a good color and prevented browning of the salt-fermented ascidian meat. Moreover, adding anchovy sauce and rice gruel mixture improved the flavor of the LSA.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.168-172
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• 2006

Soy sauce was fermented at $20^{\circ}C$ for 100 days in onggi containers (ethnic Korean earthenware) which had been fabricated using three different glazing treatments: unglazed, glazed only on the outside, and glazed on both surfaces. The changes in microstructure and permeability characteristics of onggi containers were examined after fermentation of soy sauce. The effect of repeated use of onggi containers on the fermentation was analyzed by the contact between an aqueous model solution and the onggi containers used once for soy sauce fermentation. The levels of reducing sugar and free amino acids produced from the dissolved starch and protein, respectively, in the solution were compared between the new and reused onggi containers. The moisture permeance and gas permeabilities of the onggi jars were progressively reduced with continuing use for soy sauce fermentation, probably due to clogging of micropores by solid materials. After having been used once for fermentation, the microbial cells and/or enzymes immobilized on the surface or in the micropores of the onggi containers seemed to contribute to accelerating the hydrolytic reactions of starch and protein.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.79-88
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• 2012

To evaluate the possibility of low-salinity of traditional fermented food, we investigated quality characteristic of low-salted Yacon Jangachi using soybean sauce with sugar or vinegar for 50 days. Sugar content, titration acidity, and salinity of all Yacon Jangachi was increased as storage time increased. All of the Yacon Jangachi had less than 3.0% salinity. Especially, the salinity of the Yacon Jangachi with sugar and vinegar was the lowest during storage time. The L value was decreased as storage time increased but the results of the a and b values were reversed. Cutting force was not significant among samples and storage periods. In the results of sensory evaluation, preference of all samples were increased as storage time increased. The preference of color was not significant among samples from 30 days but the taste was reversed. The preference of flavor was significant between samples in 40 days, texture was not significant during storage time. Overall preference was not significant after 30 days, which suggested that Yacon Jangachi using soybean sauce retains overall preference in steady level from 30 days. Yacon Jangachi using soybean sauce showed the highest preference when produced with sugar and vinegar.