• 한국식생활문화학회지
• /
• 제30권3호
• /
• pp.370-376
• /
• 2015

In this study, we compared the organoleptic and other qualities of fermented milk containing 10 or 15% purple carrot extract that had either been previously fermented with Aspergillus oryzae or not fermented. Fermentation characteristics, pH, chromaticity, viscosity, viable cell counts, and sensory evaluations were measured. The pH and acid values did not differ between purple carrot extract fermented with Aspergillus oryzae and non-fermented extract. Viable cell counts were significantly higher in 15% purple carrot extract fermented with Aspergillus oryzae compared to the control after fermentation. Regarding characteristic changes, purple carrot extract fermented with Aspergillus oryzae group showed a lower red value but higher yellow value compared with non-fermented purple carrot extract due to heat-sterilization. Both fermented and non-fermented extract groups showed significantly increased viscosity compared to control. In the sensory evaluation, 15% purple carrot extract fermented with Aspergillus oryzae showed the highest score. In conclusion, addition of 15% purple carrot extract fermented with Aspergillus oryzae resulted in a superior fermented milk product.

• 유기물자원화
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.81-88
• /
• 2010

음식폐기물의 혐기성 발효시 열적 전처리의 최적 조건을 도출하기 위하여 수소 발생 특성을 평가하였다. 음식폐기물의 열적 전처리의 경우 용해성 화학적 산소요구량(SCOD)과 탄수화물 함량을 증가시켜 수소 수율을 향상시키는 것으로 나타났다. 실험결과 SCOD와 탄수화물을 기준으로 한 최대 가용화 효율은 각각 55.1%와 223.6%로 나타났다. 반응시간에 따라 전처리 효과는 증가하는 경향을 보였으나 20분간 1시간 비교시 약 7%의 차이를 보여 20분 이상의 반응시간의 증가는 크지 않은 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제47권1호
• /
• pp.51-55
• /
• 2015

Four varieties of the Korean sweet potato, Yeonmi, Jeungmi, Shincheonmi, and Shinyeulmi, were chosen to prepare the distilled koguma-soju (sweet potato-soju). The relationship between the flavor of the koguma-soju and the content of monoterpene alcohols (MTAs) was studied. The MTAs investigated here were linalool, nerol, geraniol, citronellol, and ${\alpha}$-terpineol. The ranges of MTA concentrations in the koguma-soju made from the four sweet potato varieties were $14.0-16.6{\mu}g/L$ for nerol, $24.8-34.7{\mu}g/L$ for linalool, $32.8-38.5{\mu}g/L$ for geraniol, $37.8-54.2{\mu}g/L$ for citronellol, and $76.6-94.7{\mu}g/L$ for ${\alpha}$-terpineol. Geraniol, nerol, and linalool were found in lower concentrations, while ${\alpha}$-terpineol was present in a higher concentration compared to their average content in the imo-shochu, a distilled Japanese sweet potato-soju. The concentrations of citronellol in the koguma-soju and imo-shochu were similar. The flavor evaluation tests revealed that the koguma-soju produced from the Yeonmi variety had a leafy vegetable or a grass-like, sharp flavor, whereas the Jeungmi-soju was characterized by a fruity or a sulfur-like sharp taste. Floral, vanilla-like, and mild flavors were predominant in the Shincheonmi-soju, while the Shinyeulmi-soju had either a fruity, citrus-like flavor or a rubber-like, rough taste. This study demonstrates that koguma-soju made from different sweet potato varieties have unique characteristic flavors.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제47권3호
• /
• pp.409-418
• /
• 2005

This study was conducted to examine the nutrient digestibility and ruminal fermentation characteristics in sheep fed dried mugwort and mugwort silage for 5% levels of rice straw in the basal diet, and mugwort pellet for 5% levels of concentrate in the basal diet. For the experiment, they were given a basal diet containing of rice straw and concentrate mixed at a 3: 7 ratio (DM basis). The treatments were designed as a 4 ${\times}$ 4 Latin square design with four sheep (50.2 kg body weight). The digestibility of crude protein was increased (p < 0.05) to 4.6 - 6.2 % in sheep fed mugwort silage treatments (60.23 %) compared with those of control (54.08 %) and dried mugwort treatment (55.67 %). That of ether extract was iicreased (p < 0.05) to 4.8 - 8.8 % in sheep fed mugwort silage treatments (80.22 %) compared with those of control (71.47 %) and dried mugwort treatment (75.46 %). In the dry matter intake, mugwort silage treatment (904.44 g) was the hightest and mugwort pellet treatment, dried mugwort treatment and control were 810.66 g, 780.66 g and 742.18 g, respectively. The ruminal pH in all treatments were rapidly decreased (p < 0.05) at 0.5 and 1 hour after feeding and slowly increased at 2, 4 and 8 hours after feeding, especially mugwort silage treatment. The ammonia nitrogen concentrations were the highest (p < 0.05) in sheep fed mugwort silage treatment (11.24 - 12.05mg / 100 rnz) at 0.5 and 2 hours after feeding. The ruminal concentrations of acetic acid (6.06 mmol /100 $m\ell$) and propionic acid (2.35 mmol/ 100 mz) were an increased (p < 0.05) at the mugwort silage treatments at 1 and 2 hours after feeding. Purine derivatives out put (13.41 mmol / d) and microbial protein production (11.61 mmol / d) were increased (p < 0.05) compared with those of control (5.42 and 4.93 mmol / d).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제28권9호
• /
• pp.1274-1280
• /
• 2015

This study was conducted to assess the effects of microbial and chemical combo additives on nutritive values, fermentation indices and aerobic stability of whole crop barley silage. Barley forage (Youngyang) was harvested at about 30% dry matter (DM) by treatments, chopped to 5 cm length and treated with distilled water only (CON), Lactobacillus plantarum (INO), propionic acid (PRO) or an equal mixture of INO and PRO (MIX). Barley forages were ensiled in 4 replications for 0, 2, 7, and 100 days. On 100 days of ensiling, MIX silage had higher (p<0.05) in vitro DM digestibility than CON silage, but lower (p<0.05) acid detergent fiber concentration. The pH in all treated silages was lower (p<0.05) than CON silage. The MIX silage had higher (p<0.05) lactate concentration and lactate to acetate ratio than in CON, but lower (p<0.05) yeast count. Aerobic stability in CON, PRO, and MIX silages were higher (p<0.05) than in INO silage. It is concluded that microbial and chemical combo additives using L. plantarum and propionic acid could efficiently improve nutritive values of barley silage in terms of increased in vitro DM digestibility compared to other treatments. In addition, all treatments except CON reduced yeast count which is the initiate microorganism of aerobic spoilage.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제28권11호
• /
• pp.1865-1875
• /
• 2018

Enhanced application of solid-state fermentation (SSF) in industrial production and the influence of SSF of Rhizopus K1 on glucoamylase productivity were analyzed using the flat band method. A growth model was implemented through SSF of Rhizopus K1 in this experiment, and spectrophotometric method was used to determine glucoamylase activity. Results showed that in bran and potato culture medium with 70% moisture in a loose state, ${\mu}$ of mycelium reached to $0.15h^{-1}$ after 45 h of culture in a thermostatic water bath incubator at $30^{\circ}C$. Under a low-magnification microscope, mycelial cells appeared uniform, bulky with numerous branches, and were not easily ruptured. The generated glucoamylase activity reached to 55 U/g (dry basis). This study has good utilization value for glucoamylase production by Rhizopus in SSF.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제26권6호
• /
• pp.999-1010
• /
• 2016

Ganoderma lucidum BCCM 31549 has a long established role for its therapeutic activities. In this context, much interest has focused on the possible functions of the (1,3)-β-D-glucan (G) produced by these cultures in a stirred-tank bioreactor and extracted from their underutilized mycelium. In the existing study, we report on the systematic production of G, and its sulfated derivative (GS). The aim of this study was to investigate G and its GS from G. lucidum in terms of their antibacterial properties and cytotoxicity spectrum against human prostate cells (PN2TA) and human caucasian histiocytic lymphoma cells (U937). ¹H NMR for both G and GS compounds showed β-glycosidic linkages and structural similarities when compared with two standards (laminarin and fucoidan). The existence of characteristic absorptions at 1,170 and 867 cm^-1 in the FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) for GS demonstrated the successful sulfation of G. Only GS exhibited antimicrobial activity against a varied range of test bacteria of relevance to foodstuffs and human health. Moreover, both G and GS did not show any cytotoxic effects on PN2TA cells, thus helping demonstrate the safety of these polymers. Moreover, GS showed 40% antiproliferation against cancerous U937 cells at the low concentration (60 μg/ ml) applied in this study compared with G (10%). Together, this demonstrates that sulfation clearly improved the solubility and therapeutic activities of G. The water-soluble GS demonstrates the potential multifunctional effects of these materials in foodstuffs.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제51권1호
• /
• pp.7-11
• /
• 2019

비가열 방식의 역삼투압법으로 제조한 양파농축액의 휘발성 성분 변화를 알아보기 위하여 양파착즙액과 역삼투압 양파농축액을 SAFE로 휘발성 성분을 추출하였고, 이를 GC-MS로 분석하였다. 양파착즙액과 양파농축액에서 각각 48종과 62종의 휘발성성분을 동정하였다, 휘발성 성분 중 sulfur-containing compounds를 19종 검출하였고. 양파의 특징적인 향기성분으로 알려진 11종은 약 1.7-1,664배로 증가하였으며, 또한 양파착즙액에서 검출되지 않았던 휘발성 성분이 양파농축액에서 14종이 검출되었다. 이는 역삼투압법을 이용한 양파 농축액이 향미성분의 변성이 적어, 양파 고유의 향미를 갖는 농축액 제조에 응용할 수 있으며, 미량의 휘발성 성분을 분석하는 전처리 방법으로 바람직한 영향을 줄 것으로 생각한다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제32권3호
• /
• pp.307-316
• /
• 2022

Yeasts play an important role in spontaneous fermentation of traditional alcoholic beverages. Our previous study revealed that a mixed-consortia of both Saccharomyces and non-Saccharomyces yeasts were responsible for fermentation of khadi, a popular, non-standardized traditional beverage with an immense potential for commercialization in Botswana. Functional characterization of isolated fermenting yeasts from mixed consortia is an indispensable step towards the selection of potential starter cultures for commercialization of khadi. In this study, we report the characterization of 13 khadi isolates for the presence of brewing-relevant phenotypes such as their fermentative capacity, ability to utilize a range of carbon sources and their ability to withstand brewing-associated stresses, as a principal step towards selection of starter cultures. Khadi isolates such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomycodes ludwigii and Candida ethanolica showed good brewing credentials but Lachancea fermentati emerged as the isolate with the best brewing attributes with a potential as a starter culture. However, we were then prompted to investigate the potential of L. fermentati to influence the fruity aromatic flavor, characteristic of khadi. The aroma components of 18 khadi samples were extracted using headspace solid phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME) and identified using a GC-MS. We detected esters as the majority of volatile compounds in khadi, typical of the aromatic signature of both khadi and L. fermentati associated fermentations. This work shows that L. fermentati has potential for commercial production of khadi.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
• /
• 제1권3호
• /
• pp.267-278
• /
• 1986

우리나라 수산발효기술의 역사적 발전배경과 현존하는 기술들을 조사하고 이제까지 연구된 결과로부터 전통수산발효기술의 과학적 해석을 시도하였다. 우리나라 수산발효기술은 크게 나누어 두가지로 구분되는 바 식염만을 사용하는 적염해법(적갈)과 식염으로 절인 생선에 삶은 곡물, 마늘, 고춧가루를 가하는 식해법으로 대별된다. 젓갈은 사용되는 원료의 종류에 따라 다양하여 총 46종이 현재 만들어지는 것으로 확인되었다. 우리나라 젓갈제조의 특징은 비교적 짧은 기간의 발효과정(2 - 3개월) 후 어체가 그대로 보존된 상태의 발효물을 조미하여 반찬으로 사용하고 일부는 장기간 저장(6개월 이상)하여 충분한 효소적 가수분해가 얼어난 것을 액즙으로 받아 김치의 재료로 쓰이는 젓국을 생산하는 것이다. 젓갈의 맛은 주로단백질의 분해산물에 의해 형성되며 이것은 Pediococcus, Bacillus, Halobacterium등의 내염성세균의 작용에 의한 것으로 판단된다. 발효과정이 오래 경과되어 최적맛에서 벗어날 때는 효모의 증식이 현저하게 나타남을 알 수 있다. 식해는 첨가된 곡물의 탄수화물을 이용한 유기산 발효로 pH가 급격히 저하됨으로서 저장성이 보존되는 특수한 수산발효방법이다. 산생성균과 단백질 분해균의 역할이 크게 나타냐며 비교적 짧은 기간(2주)내에 발효가 완성되며 더이상 저장하면 유기산의 지나친 생산으로 맛의 퇴화현상이 일어난다. 이들 수산발효기술은 우리나라 염장발효기술의 전체를 포용하는 것으로 젓갈은 장류발효와 식해는 김치발효와 맥을 같이하고 있는 것이다.