• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.63 no.4
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• pp.119-124
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• 2020

A cluster of severe pneumonia of unknown etiology in Wuhan City, Hubei province in China emerged in December 2019. A novel coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) was isolated from lower respiratory tract sample as the causative agent. The current outbreak of infections with SARS-CoV-2 is termed Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) by the World Health Organization (WHO). COVID-19 rapidly spread into at least 114 countries and killed more than 4,000 people by March 11 2020. WHO officially declared COVID-19 a pandemic on March 11, 2020. There have been 2 novel coronavirus outbreaks in the past 2 decades. The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2002-2003 caused by SARS-CoV had a case fatality rate of around 10% (8,098 confirmed cases and 774 deaths), while Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) caused by MERS-CoV killed 861 people out of a total 2,502 confirmed cases between 2012 and 2019. The purpose of this review is to summarize known-to-date information about SARS-CoV-2, transmission of SARS-CoV-2, and clinical features.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.156-163
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• 2016

There exists required safety integrity level (SIL) to assure safety in accordance with international standards for every electrical / electronics / control equipment or systems with safety related functions. The SIL is allocated from lowest level (level 0) to highest level (level 4). In order to guarantee certain safety level that is internationally acceptable, application of methodology for SIL allocation and demonstration based on related international standards is required. However, the theoretical and practical study for safety integrity level is barely under way in the domestic railway industry. This research studied not only the global process of SIL allocation to guarantee safety in accordance with international standards for safety related equipment and system, but the quantitative methodology based on international standard and the semi-quantitative methodology as alternative way for SIL allocation. Specifically, the systematic SIL allocation for platform screen door system of railway is studied applying the semi-quantitative methodology in order to save much time and effort compared to quantitative method.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.936-943
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• 2009

In this study, a risk assessment model based on the ETA (Event Tree Analysis) and FTA (Fault Tree Analysis) is developed according to the procedure of hazard analysis and risk assessment in order to estimate the risk quantitatively. The FTA technique is applied to estimate the branch probability (frequency) and the ETA technique is applied to estimate the consequence for each branch path on the ET (Event Tree). A risk assessment model is developed by the combination of those ETA and FTA. In addition, the reliability and the validity of the risk assessment model are verified by comparing the risk estimated through the developed model with the actual equivalent fatality.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.75-82
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• 2016

According to the statistics, occupational fatal injuries by the fork lifts were about 30 per year in whole industrial. Fork lifts are widely used in various parts of industries to improve the efficiency of the work. In this study, the current regulations to be adequate in industrial site have to be renew in order to prevent the fatal injuries by the fork lifts. Fatal injury analysis were conducted with several accident cases by the fork lifts. For each accident, the causes of the injuries were examined and proper safety measures were proposed. In this study, the fork lift showed a high fatality rate in industrial accidents and no detailed cause analysis of fatal accidents was conducted in terms of unsafe acts or conditions. First, fork lifts were the highest of the machines caused the accidents. In order to prevent fatal injuries by the fork lifts, the tarket was manufacturing industry. Second, the order of the cause of cognitive engineering agenda in the manufacture industrial was visibility, responsibility and affordance, and revision of acts was proposed. Third, there was not a lots of different points of human error between occurrence types and business sizes. Forth, number of fatalities by the attacker was more than by the inducer.

• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.5-22
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• 2016

MERS(Middle East Respiratory Syndrome), an acute and infectious viral disease with high fatality sneaked in South Korea in May 2016. Although MERS is officially declared to be exterminated in Korea by the date of December 24, it aroused a great panic throughout the country and remained many tasks requiring sincere deliberations and innovative actions. This study starts to summarize all that had been happening during first 7 months since last May, reconsider the whole process in light of disaster paradigm, analyze the causes and tasks of such turmoil under the framework of social medicine. It is wrapped up with the visions and prospect of the social medicine, an interdisciplinary approach that takes into account the expert knowledge of academia, administrative knowledge of government, media knowledge from traditional/new media and lay knowledge of civil society.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.359-366
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• 1974

The authors collected epidemiological and clinical informations on 1,307 CO patients from the questionairefilled by attendants of patients and from the clinical records kept in the hospital. All patients were treated by hyperbaric oxygenation at the Hyperbaric Chamber Unit of Seoul National University Hospital during 5 years, from January, 1969 to December, 1973. The following findings were obtained. 1. Female showed higher incidence rate than male. The highest incidence rate was observed in the age group of 15-29 years in both sex. 2. The most important variable influencing the recovery of the patients was the starting time of treatment. It was evident that earlier the starting time, shorter the recovery time. 3. Duration of admission was within 5 days in 57.1 percent of the admitted cases and 76.1 percent of them was discharged within 8 days. 4. As the complications, pulmonary edema, bronchopneumonia and trophic changes were observed. Also the neurological disorders were found. 5. The fatality rate followed by the hyperbaric oxygenation was 1.07 percent.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.27-31
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• 2018

This paper reports an analysis of cyclist accident cases with respect to passenger vehicles on Korean roads. A typology based on Initiative for the Global Harmonization of Accident Data (iGLAD) code book is applied to a traffic accident analysis system(TAAS), which has the real-world crash data on Korea roads, to understand the accident scenarios in more detail and efficiently. Similarly this typology has been used for Germany In-Depth Accidents Study (GIDAS) as well. The accident data analysis with consideration of the typology of Korean road conditions may prioritize traffic safety issues regarding cyclists and is aimed to develop an Automatic Emergency Braking (AEB) system for cyclist. In summary, this paper characterizes and analyzes the scenarios of cyclist crashes with passenger car. The most common accident scenarios on Korean roads are Car-to-Bicyclist Nearside Adult (CBNA) and Car-to-Bicyclist Longitudinal Adult (CBLA), which are more than 86% of total accidents cases. Therefore, it is inferred that AEB cyclist system should include these accident types in the operational design domain to reduce more fatality in Korea.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.109-116
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• 1984

The epidemiological information on 156 cases of acute drug intoxication treated at emergency room of Sin An Dai-Woo Hospital in Bi-Gum island during the year of 1981-1982 were reviewed and analyzed. And the findings obtained was as follows : 1) Annual incidence rate of acute drug intoxication was 3.3 per 1,000 in habitants (male 3.5, female 3.1). 2) In both sexes the highest incidence was obsesved in the age group of 20~49 years with 7.6 in male and 6.2 in female per 1,000 inhabitants. 3) In both sexes the highest ease distribution was observed during summer season of July and August (male 33.2%, female 26.4%). 4) Eating pesticides was the most frequently used for suicide purpose in both sexes (male 89. 3%, female 82.2%). 5) In terms of foundation for conclusion to eating poison, "by guardion's explanation" was the highest rate in both groups of eating pesticides (97.8%) and eating rodentcides(77.8%). 6) The case fatality rate due to eating poison was 4.5% (male 5.9%, female 2.8%). 7) In haspitalization days, the most cases was observed at less than 3 days (male 73.8%, female 79.2%).

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.76-87
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• 2010

According to the new rules and regulations (New SOLAS), major safety critical systems are to be designed to be redundant, which is called 'Redundancy Design'. This paper was to quantitatively analyze the degree of influence of the redundancy design applied to major safety critical systems using IMO's FSA(formal Safety Assessment) method. For the purpose of this study, the diesel engine system, which is actually one of major safety critical systems, was dealt with FMEA, FTA and ETA technique. In addition, whether the redundancy was met or not was verified and the degree of safety, or redundancy, was represented in terms of reliability. In conclusion, the safety of propulsion systems is possibly assessed systematically by estimating the risk level in terms of frequency and fatality.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.65 no.5
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• pp.400-404
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• 2008

Aspergillus tracheobronchitis (ATB), a variant of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, is characterized by extensive tracheobronchitis and pseudomembrane formation. ATB usually occurs in immunocompromised patients with a high fatality rate. We report a case of ATB in a previously healthy patient who responded well to antifungal therapy.