• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.77-81
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• 2010

Plasma cholesterol is increased in normal aging in both rodents and humans. This is associated with reduced elimination of cholesterol and decreased receptor-mediated clearance of plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. The aims of this study were: (1) to determine age-related changes in plasma lipid profiles, and (2) to determine the effect of fenofibrate, an activator of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPAR $\alpha$), on plasma lipid profiles in normal rats on a standard diet. Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (n=15) were fed standard chow and water from 10 to 25 weeks of age. During that period, we measured daily food intake, body weight, fasting and random blood glucose levels, plasma total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and free fatty acid (FFA) levels. At 20 weeks of age, all rats were randomly divided into two groups: a fenofibrate group (in which rats were gavaged with 300 mg/kg/day of fenofibrate) and a control group (gavaged with water). Fenofibrate treatment lasted 5 weeks. There were no significant changes in daily food intake, blood glucose, and plasma TG level with age. Body weight, plasma TC, and FFA levels were significantly increased with age. Fenofibrate significantly decreased plasma concentrations of TC and FFA, which had been increased with age. However, fenofibrate did not influence the plasma concentration of TG, which had not increased with age. These results suggest that fenofibrate might have a novel role in preventing age-related hypercholesterolemia in SD rats on a normal diet.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.239-247
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• 2017

현재 임상에서 적용되고 있는 대표적인 당뇨 진단 기준에는 표준검사법인 경구당부하검사, 공복혈당, 당화혈색소가 있다. 그러나, 검사별로 판정이 일치하지 않는 경우가 많다. 본 연구에서는 선별검사에서 행해지는 공복혈당과 당화혈색소를 이용하여 당뇨병 판정의 일치도를 구해보고, 유형별로 그 특성을 살펴 보았다. 국민건강영양조사 데이터(2015) 중 측정치 누락자, 당뇨병 기진단자, 공복 8시간 미만인 자를 제외한 20세 이상 대상자 4,502명(남성 1,956명, 여성 2,546명)의 자료를 이용하였다. 공복혈당과 당화혈색소 농도를 당뇨병 진단기준의 세 범주(정상, 당뇨병 전단계, 당뇨병)로 나누어 살펴본 남성 대상자의 분포에서 공복혈당 100 mg/dL~125 mg/dL이면서 HbA1c ${\geq}6.5%$인 대상자는 664명 중 23명, 새롭게 진단된 당뇨군 86명 중 39명은 공복혈당 ${\geq}126mg/dL$ 이면서 HbA1c < 6.5%로 나타났다. 판정의 일치율은 비당뇨군 80.3% 당뇨군 54.7%, 당뇨병 전단계에서 44.9%로 가장 낮았다. 코헨의 kappa 값은 남성의 경우 0.322, 여성의 경우 0.362로 일치도가 낮게 나타났고, 두 범주(비당뇨병, 당뇨병)로 나누었을 때 남성의 경우 0.582, 여성의 경우 0.637로 나타나 더 높은 일치도를 보였다. 공복혈당 <126 mg/dL이며 HbA1c < 6.5%인 군에서 연령도 낮고 대부분의 혈액 측정치도 낮게 나타났으며, 공복혈당 ${\geq}126mg/dL$ 이면서 HbA1c ${\geq}6.5%$인 군에서 남성의 경우 허리둘레, 혈압, 총 콜레스테롤, 중성지방의 수치가 높고 여성의 경우 ALT, hsCRP가 높게 나타났다. 남녀 모두 공복혈당 ${\geq}126mg/dL$인 군에서 인슐린저항성 지표인 HOMA IR값이 유의하게 높았고, <126 mg/dL인 군에서 인슐린감수성 지표인 QUICKI 값이 유의하게 높았다. 당뇨병 판정의 낮은 일치도 및 진단검사의 특성을 고려하여 관련검사의 병행 해석이 필요하다.

• 약학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.247-253
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• 2004

We investigated the hypoglycemic effect of formula containing Euonymus alatus (EA) and Mori Folium (MF) in multiple low dose (MLD) streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. In order to iduce hyperglycemic state 25 mg/kg of STZ was injected intraperitoneally for 5 consecutive days. SD rats were randomly divided into diabetic control and treatment groups. Treatment groups were administered with either 250 mg/kg of EA and 250 mg/kg of MF (E1Ml), or 500 mg/kg of EA mixed with same dose of MF (E2M2) for 3 weeks. Blood glucose levels and body weights were measured every 5th or 6th day. E1Ml and E2M2 both significantly reduced food intake, water intake, and fasting blood and urine glucose levels as compared to those in diabetic control group in a dose dependent manner. Body weight in diabetic control group was increased slightly after 3 weeks. Treatment group, however, showed gradual increase in body weights during 3 week-period. While plasma insulin levels of the diabetic control group were decreased to the level of 387$\pm$14 pg/ml from 534$\pm$36 pg/ml, those levels in E1Ml and E2M2-treated groups were both markedly increased by 13% and 26%, respectively. Urine glucose levels in E1Ml and E2M2-treated groups were also remarkably reduced by 17 and 26% compared to the levels of diabetic control group. While expression of membrane-bound glucose transporter-4 (GLUT-4) protein in skeletal muscle was reduced by 45% in diabetic control compared to the normal control, GLUT-4 protein expressions in E1Ml and E2M2-treated groups were augmented by 2 and 3.5 times compared to the diabetic control, respectively. Pancreatic HE staining experiments showed that E2M2-treated group revealed much less infiltrated mononuclear cells, indicating that E2M2 efficiently blocked insulitis induced by multiple low dose streptozotocin. Taken together, we conclude that formula containing EA and MF may prevent or delay the development of hyperglycemia through overexpression of GLUT-4 protein in skeletal muscle and prevention of insulitis.

• 생약학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.10-14
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• 2007

Type 2 diabetes mellitus relavant to insulin resistance is a chronic and hard to control. In order to develop an antidiabetic agent from natural products, anti-hyperglycemic effect of herbal formula containing Mori Follium, Euonymi Lignum Suberalatum and Ginseng Radix(MEG) was investigated in db/db mice. Treatment group was administered orally with MEG formula at a dose of 300 mg/kg for 5 weeks, and blood glucose, insulin and lipid levels were determined. MEG treatment group showed a marked decrease in fasting blood glucose level and insulin resistance index(IRI) compared to those in diabetic control. Improvement of insulin resistance(60.6%) was indicative of reducing lipid levels in plasma and triglyceride contents in muscle and adipose tissue. In addition, expressions of an insulin responsive gene, glucose transporter 4(Glut4), in muscle and adipose tissue were upregulated in MEG treatment group. Compared islet morphology between groups, MEG formula prevented the ${\beta}$-cell destruction caused by high blood glucose. Taken together, MEG formula can act as an anti-hyperglycemic agent with insulin sensitizing effect, and thus deserves a clinical trial in the future.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.774-781
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• 2012

본 연구는 고지방식이와 STZ으로 유도한 제2형 당뇨마우스에게 CA를 급여하였을 때 체내 당대사와 항산화방어계에 미치는 영향을 규명하고자 하였다. 4주령 ICR 마우스를 고지방식이(전체 열량의 37% 지방)를 4주간 급여하여 인슐린저항성을 유발한 후 STZ(100 mg/kg body weight)을 일회복강주사 하였다. 7일 후 공복 시 혈당이 14 mmol/L(250 mg/dL)인 마우스만을 사용하여 난괴법으로 당뇨대조군, 0.02% CA군, 0.05% CA군으로 나누어 6주간 사육하였다. 실험 6주 동안 당뇨대조군에 비하여 두 CA 급여 수준은 혈당을 효과적으로 낮추었으며 내당능과 인슐린내성을 개선하였다. 또한 혈장 중의 렙틴 함량은 CA 급여 시 당뇨대조군에 비하여 높았으나 인슐린과 C-peptide 함량 및 체중에는 영향을 미치지 않았다. CA 급여는 당뇨대조군에 비하여 간조직의 GK활성을 높였고 G6Pase 활성은 낮춘 반면, PEPCK 활성에는 영향을 미치지 않았다. 간조직 중의 SOD와 CAT 활성은 CA급여군에서 당뇨대조군에 비하여 유의적으로 높았으나, GSH-Px 활성과 적혈구의 항산화 효소 활성은 실험군간 유의적인 변화가 없었다. 두 수준의 CA 급여는 간조직과 적혈구 중의 지질과산화물 함량을 당뇨대조군에 비하여 유의적으로 낮추었다. 이와 같이 CA는 간조직에서 당 이용을 높이는 반면, 당 신생을 억제함으로써 혈당저하에 효과적이었으며 항산화방어계를 활성화하여 지질과산화물 생성을 개선하는데 효과적인 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.134-141
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• 2011

Purpose: Although the risk factors of metabolic syndrome have been extensively studied, the association between osteoporosis and metabolic syndrome has remained unclear in Korean elderly women. Yet to be determined are the effect of risk factors of metabolic syndrome on osteoporosis in these subjects. The purpose of this study was to investigate how the risk factors of metabolic syndrome affect the bone mineral density in Korean elderly women. Methods: One hundred twenty one elderly women from a community center in Seoul elderly welfare center participated in this study. A structured questionnare was used to assess their demographics and lifestyles. Participants' anthropometric information was also obtained by measuring heights, weights, and waist circumferences. The blood samples were also obtained to measure blood glucoses and blood lipids. Bone mineral density was measured with the use of ultra sono. Results: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in our subjects was 58%. In multivariate regression analysis, fasting plasma glucose level (p=.036) and triglycerides (p=.006) were significant factors predicting bone mineral density after adjusting age and other factors of metabolic syndrome. In age-adjusted analysis, women with metabolic syndrome had significantly higher bone mineral density as compared to those without metabolic syndrome (p=.026). Conclusion: Bone mineral density among elderly Korean women is associated with the level of blood glucose and triglycerides.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.321-328
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• 2002

The hormone resistin is associated with type II diabetes mellitus in rodent model. Resistin impairs glucose tolerance and insulin action. A new class of anti-diabetic drugs were called thiazolidinediones (TZDs) downreguates a resistin. Resistin gene expression is induced during adipocyte differentiation and resistin polypeptide is secreted by adipocytes. But, the correlation between increased adiposity and resistin remains unknown. The objectives of this study was to clone a mouse resistin CDNA and to generate transgenic mice overexpressing mouse resistin gene. The pCMV-mus/resistin gene was prepared from previous recombinant pTargeT$^{TM}$-mus/resistin by digestion of Bgl II, and has used for microin- jection into pronuclei of one cell embryos. Mouse resistin expression was detected in transgenic F$_1$mice by RT-PCR. The transgenic mouse with resistin gene expression has heavier body weight which was measured higher level of plasma glucose than that of normal mouse. And in diet-induced experiments, in fasting group, resistin expression was higher than that of re-feeding group. This result demonstrates that the resistin gene overexpressing mice may be became to obesity and be useful as an animal disease model to be diabetes caused by insulin resistance of resistin.n.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.172-178
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• 2009

Fermented ginseng (FG) is an ethanol extract of ginseng radix processed with $\beta$-galactosidase. It was hypothesized that FG may exert anti-hyperlipidemic and anti-diabetic activities through modulating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in HepG2 human hepatoma cells. In this study, we showed that AMPK phosphorylation was stimulated by FG. These effects were abolished by pretreatment with an AMPK inhibitor, compound C. In addition, FG regulated the expression of genes associated with lipogenesis and lipolysis, thus causing suppression of hepatic triglyceride accumulation. In vivo study using db/db mice, FG reduced fasting plasma glucose, HbAlc, and insulin resistance index, when compared to diabetic control. FG also increased the phospho-AMPK and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) expressions in liver and skeletal muscle, respectively. In liver, expressions of lipogenic gene were decreased whereas expressions of lipolytic genes were induced, when compared to diabetic control. Taken together, we may suggest that FG ameliorates hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia through activation of AMPK and could be developed as a health functional food or therapeutic agent for type 2 diabetic patients.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.115-122
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• 2002

The purpose of this study to examine lipid profiles and lipoprotein (a) concentrations and identify the risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with macrovascular complications. The subjects were consisted of 618 out patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus from beginning of March through the end of April in 2001, who visited at the endocrinology department at Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital of Catholic University in Seoul. The patient's clinical laboratory data and the occurrence of chronic complications of diabetes were assessed at medical record review. The data were analyzed using for t-test. chi-square test and logistic regression. The results were as follows : 1. There were no significant differences in age. duration of diabetes. body mass index, sex, fasting blood glucose, 2-hour postprandial blood glucose and $HbA_{1}c$ level between macrovascular complication group and non macrovascular complication group. 2. There were significant differences in the level of total cholesterol. triglyceride. HDL(High density lipoprotein) cholesterol, LDL(Low density lipoprotein) cholesterol and lipoprotein(a) between macrovascular complication group and non macrovascular complication group. 3. Significant factor associated with macrovascular complication in the logistic regression best gut model was HDL cholesterol.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.146-153
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• 2009

손바닥선인장의 항당뇨 효과와 기작을 알아보기 위한 연구의 일환으로, 손바닥선인장의 열매 및 줄기의 급여가 STZ으로 당뇨가 유발된 8주령 수컷 흰쥐의 음수량, 식이섭취량, 체중, 공복혈당, 당내성에 미치는 효과와 당뇨의 합병증인 고지혈증(중성지방, 유리지방산, 총콜레스테롤, LDL-콜레스테롤, HDL-콜레스테롤)을 조사하였다. 손바닥선인장의 열매 및 줄기는 동결건조 후 분쇄하여 분말사료에 8%(열매) 및 5%와 10%(줄기) 수준으로 첨가하여 3주간 자유채식 시켰다. 실험군은 정상군(NC), 당뇨대조군(DC), 열매급여군 (DOF), 줄기5%급여군(DO-5), 줄기10%급여군(DO-10)으로 구분하였으며, 음수량은 1일, 식이섭취량은 2일 간격, 체중 및 혈당은 1주 간격으로 측정하였는데, 혈당은 12시간 절식 후 꼬리정맥에서 측정하였다. 당 내성은 공복 시 혈당을 측정한 후 포도당(50 mg/체중 1 kg)을 복강에 주사한 다음, 30, 60, 90, 120분 경과하였을 때 혈당과 동일한 방법으로 측정하였다. 수분함량은 열매가 94.5%, 줄기가 92.3%였고, 조회분, 조단백, 조지방, 조섬유 등의 농도는 줄기가 열매에 비해 높았고, NFE는 열매가 줄기에 비해 높았다. 체중변화는 DC에 비해 DOF에서 체중이 적게 감소했다. 음수량과 사료섭취량은 NC에 비해 DC가 각각 7.5배 및 1.5배 이상 증가하였고, 처리군들은 음수량 및 식이섭취량이 DC에 비해 낮았다. NC의 공복혈당은 평균 100 mg/dL이었고 DC는 379 mg/dL이었으며, DOF는 DC에 비해 28%의 혈당 감소를 보인 반면(P<0.05), DO-5는 5%와 DO-10은 9% 감소하여 유의적 차이를 보이지 않았다. 당 내성 실험에서 NC와 DO-5는 급여한지 30분 후에, 다른 처리군은 60분 후에 최고 혈당을 나타내었다. 혈장 인슐린 함량도 당뇨대조군과 비교해 DOF, DO-5와 DO-10에서 유의적(p<0.05)인 증가를 보였다. 이로써 손바닥선인장의 열매가 STZ으로 당뇨가 유발된 쥐에서 당뇨의 개선효과가 있는 것으로 판단된다. 또한 손바닥선인장의 열매 및 줄기 모두 당뇨의 합병증인 지질대사에서 혈장의 중성지방, 유리지방산, 총 콜레스테롤 그리고 LDL-콜레스테롤을 모두 DC와 비교해 DOF, DO-5와 DO-10에서 유의적인 감소를 보였다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과에서 볼 때, 손바닥선인장의 열매는 항당뇨효능이 있었고, 또 당뇨 합병증인 지질대사의 이상도 개선하는 것으로 관찰되었으며, 그 줄기는 통계적으로 유의한 혈당감소 효과를 보이지는 않았지만 당뇨의 합병증인 고지혈증을 개선시키는 것으로 나타나, 보다 구체적인 작용기작을 추가적 연구를 통해 확인할 필요가 있다고 사료된다.