• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.481-489
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• 2011

Objective: The aim of this study was to develop an ergonomic checklist (AULA: Agricultural Upper-Limb Assessment) which can assess the risks of the work-related upper limb disorders of farming tasks in Korea. Background: There are few assessment tools that reflect the current condition of agricultural works as of now. Method: AULA was developed as following three stages. First of all, a physiological experiment was conducted with selected 14 upper limb postures which are frequently occurred in farming tasks and then, an ergonomic checklist was developed with determining risk levels of each body posture based on the experimental findings. Lastly, the ergonomic checklist was validated by comparing with the existing assessment tools. Results: When comparing the AULA which was developed in this study with the existing assessment tools, it was found that the AULA may get over limits of the existing ones which are sensitive to particular postures, but aren't sensitive to the rest of them. Conclusion: It is predicted that the developed upper limb posture assessment tool which gets over the existing tools' limits and is proper for domestic farm work conditions, will help to reduce musculoskeletal disorders caused by farm works, by assessing farm works more easily and objectively. Application: By further developing the theoretical groundwork on the induction of muscular skeletal system symptoms relating to agricultural works, it is expected to improve the level of preventing and managing such muscular skeletal system symptoms in the field of agricultural and farming works, which is relatively less advanced in terms of labor difficulties.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.29-42
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• 2004

Women are unlikely to receive an equal education, compared to men, in rural Korean society despite the equality in labor sharing. To address this issue this research aims to (a) analyze the educational needs for farming skills and daily life management in rural communities, and (b) develop a model for educational programs reflecting regional characteristics for the female farmers in order to make them experts in agriculture. A structured questionnaire was administered, using a group interview method, to 366 female farmers from the Jeonnam, Chungbuk, and Gyeonggi provinces with help of agricultural agents. The major components of the questionnaire dealt with individual peculiarities, educational environment, and curriculum and training subjects wanted by the female farmers. Educational program content was classified as daily life management, scientific farming and agricultural management skills to create systematic and effective programs. It was found that the critical factors for developing educational programs for the female farmers are as follows: a. It is necessary to develop a program combining daily life management skills and farming skills to make the female farmers experts in agriculture. b. Statistically significant differences were found in the female farmers' educational program participation and needs based educational level, age, educational expenditure, farm type, farming experience, and farm scale. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a program considering the fore-mentioned socioeconomic status and farming characteristics. c. It is important to establish an educational system for the female farmer to improve their quality of life as a minority group in Korean society. In addition, it is also necessary to develop public relations program to ensure that female farmers recognize the importance and necessity of the education.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.29-39
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• 2015

In farming area, the elderly population is increasing year after year. And the gap between farming area and the city regarding quality of life is getting bigger and bigger. Besides, it has much poorer ground for living than the city. The current farming village maintenance project is adopting a different system now from the top-down project exclusively led by the government in the past to the bottom-up one reflecting how the residents think positively. Lack of the residents' understanding and education about the maintenance project, however, some of them are just focused on maintenance and development distorted from making a village where people want to live. Accordingly, this study will analyze the characteristics of farming villages by their types based on field research and spatial analysis using Space Syntax in order to develop more premeditated and effective maintenance plans to perform maintenance in farming area. As a result, When you install streetlights street lights should be installed at places with a high of Connectivity and spatial depth is deep. Based on this method, the research is going to suggest the current status of street furniture improvement in the villages and the proper positions for their future installation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.328-335
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• 2023

In this paper, among the various facilities used in marine farming, young bivalves of the Mytilus galloprovincialis of marine farming was placed on the deck of the fishing vessel to evaluate the environment conditions and drive shaft movement by rolling affecting the separator for the young bivalves and a clean process. There were a few studies on stress analysis of development facilities because it was difficult to access the fishing site due to the use of imported equipment and the lack of development of domestic equipment. In this study, stress analysis of the fixed part of separator for young bivalves and its adjacent part was performed on various phases when the vessel was tilted by rolling using the finite element method. In addition, the structural safety of the internal blade under the driving conditions according to the movement of the drive shaft by the hydraulic motor was confirmed through structural analysis. As a result, the connection part between the deck and the separator by rolling was confirmed to have higher stress than that of other parts due to stress concentration. In addition, it was confirmed that the maximum stress occurred on the connection part between blades. Even though the safety of the separator for marine farming was confirmed by structural analysis, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the age of vessels, the material of the deck, and the corrosion of the deck.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.273-282
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• 1994

This paper describes about the behavior of the lseraeli carp (Cyprinus cartio. body length 43cm) and the Red seabream (Chrysophrys major. body length 35cm) aquacultured by telemetry techniques. The telemetry system consists of a pinger of 50kHz, three omni-directional hydrophones and ultrasonic receivers, a single board computer for the signal processing, two RF transceivers for the data communication, and a personnel computer. Those fish tagged the pingers were tracked by the LBL method, and its location was calculated by the hyperbolic method. The average speed of the lsraeli carp was about 1.0 times of the body length in a farming water tank (24$\times$24$\times$1m), and the Red seabream 1.3 times of the body length in a farming raft (10$\times$10$\times$5m). A variation of the speed of the lsraeli carp was higher than the other one.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.128-132
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• 2016

Volatile organic solvents are used to extract the bioactive materials from raw materials for environmentally-friendly farming materials (EFFM), but the solvent should not remain in EFFM for the safety reasons. Thus qualitative and quantitative analysis method for the solvents using Headspace-GC were evaluated. Water content depleted the detection ratio of hydrophilic solvents and disturbing the hydrophilic interaction with solvents by DMSO might be helped to increase the detection ratio (up to 715%). Surfactant concentration affected to the detection ratio (68.5-179.1%) while surfactant type was not deeply involved the solvent detection. On the other hand, matrix-matched calibration method was accepted the minimum requirements for the quantitative analysis of the solvents in EFFM.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.347-352
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• 2011

Environment-friendly agriculture (EFA) are aimed to reduce use of chemical inputs as possible the recycling of resources and the environment while preserving the local resources in the long term to ensure a constant productivity and profitability for producing safe food. This study was conducted to investigate characteristics on soil environment at paddy field of environment-friendly agriculture regions (EFARs) in Honam area. Survey point of EFARs Chungnam, Jeonbuk and Jeonnam, rice bran farming method in two districts, rice bran + snail farming method in eight districts, snail farming method in five districts and ducks farming method in three districts a total of 18 districts were selected. Annual of farming method, friendly-environment certification, amount of applied fertilizer, and history of cultivation to the farm household were surveyed. The content of available phosphate and silicate among the soil chemical properties in EFA paddy field were a little lower than optimum level, and those of agricultural methods fertilized with rice bran were a little lower than those of others. Hardness among the soil physical properties in EFA paddy field were a little lower than conventional practices, and that of agricultural methods fertilized with rice bran were a little lower than those of others. We showed fertilizer recommendation dose about soil nutritional shortages according to fertilization prescriptions index by crops.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.311-317
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• 2017

The aim of this study is to investigate the environmental properties of paddy soils depending on farming methods and seasonal variation. The paddy soils in 11 plots of conventional paddy and 24 plots of organic paddy were sampled and analyzed in four season of March, May, August, and October. The obtained data of soil properties were used for statistical analysis. Analysis of variance showed that only $NH_4-N$ and $P_2O_5$ were significantly different depending on farming methods. However, the differences of all soil properties depending on seasonal variation were strongly significant. Principal component analysis also presented that nitrogen and phosphorus concentration in soils were more significantly influenced by seasonal variation than farming method. Electric conductivity in soil was decreased from March to October. Amounts of soil organic matter in August and October were higher than that in March and May. T-N was decreased from March to October. $NH_4-N$ and $NO_3-N$ in the soil of both conventional and organic paddy were higher in May than other seasons. T-P concentration was found to be highest in August, but $P_2O_5$ concentration was lowest in August. It can be concluded that seasonal variation should be considered for analysis and comparison of soil environmental properties.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.315-322
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• 2012

Recently multifaceted advantages of urban agriculture are emerging in civil society and related policy arena such as food safety, environment, and social welfare. This study tried an estimation of residents' willingness-to-pay for urban farming to examine feasibility of using part of urban green infrastructure as urban farm (e.g. allotment garden). A survey targeting Bundang and Dontan new-town residents was carried out and willingness-to-pay for urban farm rental was estimated by contingent valuation method (CVM). The estimated rent was cross-checked with the rental cost and travel cost paid by hobby farm users in the outskirt of metropolitan area. The result of this study showed that the potential demand for urban farming is ample if urban farms or allotment gardens are planned within new development areas. That is, 72.6 percent of new-town residents questioned had intention of using allotment garden within urban parks and green spaces. Estimated willingness-to-pay for renting a plot, $16.5m^2$ of urban farm, was about 236,000 won(KRW), which is higher than rent for a plot of allotment garden which is located out of city. Variables which were statistically significant to estimated willingness-to-pay for urban farming were sex, age, and occupation of respondents, among other explanatory socio-demographic variables, while expected frequency and duration of visit to urban farm were insignificant.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.361-371
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• 2002

Multifunctionality of agriculture has been an important international issue in terms of environmental benefits and public concerns. We calculated soil loss mass in national basis using the USLE, and attempted to evaluate its economical benefits by replacement cost method. Soil loss mass ranged from 1.4 to $18MT\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$ was fairly fitted to measured values for 13 cropping systems. In national basis, the factors in USLE were evaluated as: 429.4 for rainfall and runoff factor. R, 0.15 for soil erodibility factor, K, 1.72 for topographic factor, LS, 0.275 for cover and management factor, C, and 0.856 for support practice factor, P. The soil loss estimated from upland farming using the USLE was $26.1MT\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$, but soil loss from the bare soil was $110.8MT\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$, the ratio of soil loss from upland farming to bare soil was 23 percents. Function of reducing soil loss in comparison with the bare soil was $84.7MT\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$, of which national soil loss mass was 62.6 million MT per annum in south Korea. Agriculture economic replacement cost of soil loss reduction was 497 billion Wons(398 million dollars) for the cost of upland soil dressing. For conservational purposes to increase the environmental benefits of upland farming, the agricultural practice including contour, strip cropping, terracing and division ditches should be implemented.