• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.45 no.3
• /
• pp.57-69
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this study is to examine the impacts of the physical health on health behaviors of the rural elderly. In this study, physical health is measured self-rated health and farmer symptoms. The specific questions addressed in this study are: What are the general tendencies of health behavior, self-rated health and farmer symptoms? What are the direct impacts and indirect impacts of respondents' characteristics, self-rated health and farmer symptoms on health behaviors of the rural elderly? For this purpose, survey data was gathered from 881 rural elderly who live in a village. The statistical methods used for data analysis were descriptive statistics, correlations, and path analysis with spsswin 12.0 program. The major findings of this study are as follows: The level of health behaviors and self-rated health is low and the level of farmer symptoms is high. In general, it can be said that respondents of this study have the low level of physical health and health behaviors. A path analysis shows the relation of variables, which influence on health behaviors. Economic status, education status and farmer symptoms play direct and positive effects on health behaviors. Especially, the effect of farmer symptoms is more important than the others. Sex and age are indirectly significant on health behavior. The results obtained from the study confirm that objective physical health, like as farmer symptoms, plays important roles in health behavior of the rural elderly. It means that the Korean rural elderly need many facilities and services to promote their physical health.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.21-27
• /
• 2004

An isotope Ir-192, which is used in brachytherapy depends on import in whole quantities. There are a few ways for its activity. measurement using Welltype chamber or the way to rely on authentic decay table of manufacturer. In-air dosimetry using Farmer Chamber, etc. In this paper, let me introduce the way using Farmer chamber which is easier and simple. With the Farmer chamber and source calibration jig, take a measurement the activity of an isotope Ir-192 and compare the value with the value from decay table of manufacturer and check the activity of source. The result of measurement, compared the value from decay table, by ${\pm}2.1\%$. (which belongs to recommendable value for AAPM ${\pm}5\%$ as difference of error range) It is possible to use on clinical medicine. With the increase in use of brachytherapy, the increase of import is essential. And an accurate activity check of source is compulsory. For the activity check of source, it was possible to use Farmer chamber and source calibration jig without additional purchase of Well type chamber.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.15-26
• /
• 1998

To find the prevalence of the Farmer's syndrome and the related factors, we investigated 909 farmers who and older than 30 years and live in Choongju area. The farmers were interviewed individually with a questionnaire from July 18 through 31, 1997. The results are as follows; The prevalence of Farmer's syndrome was 21.0% in male and 45.1% in female. The age prevalence of Farmer's syndrome was higher in thirties and forties than fifties and over sixties in both sex. Farmer's syndrome was significantly higher in low educational status, low income, low family members and more than 20 years of farming group. However, Farmer's syndrome was significantly higher in non smoking and non alcohol intake group, there were no significant differences according to smoking and alcohol intake after stratification by sex. The most frequent symptom in male was lumbago(60.5%), the second was numb limb(49.8%), the third was shoulder stiffness(43.2%) and the fourth was dizziness(31.5%). In female, the most frequent symptom was lumbago(81.3%), the second was numb limb(70.2%), the third was dizziness(62.2%) and the fourth was shoulder stiffness(55.9%). All of these four symptoms are significantly higher in female than in male. With multiple logistic regression for Farmer's syndrome, sex(OR of female=3.3) number of family(OR of <=1.9) and duration of farming(OR of $\geq$2.0 yr=1.5) were turned out to be significant variables.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.29-44
• /
• 2016

The major purpose of this study was analyzing of farmer's intention in related to organic agriculture by using of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Farmers of Chungchung Province (n=164) were administered a questionnaire survey that measured TPB constructs. The data and hypotheses were analyzed using multiple regression and confirmatory factor analysis by SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 21.0. Results showed that attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavior of control were all positively related to farmer's intention of organic agriculture and explained power of the model was relatively high which was 51 percent. Also the results of the analysis showed that the subjective norm was a key dimension of farmer's intention in terms of standardized coefficient. The study demonstrated that the reduced theory of planned behavior was fit for factors of farmer's intention. The meaning of the study and implications for future studies were discussed.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
• /
• 2000.07a
• /
• pp.545-548
• /
• 2000

A fundamental tenet of CBD is that a component has a specification which describes what that component does, and how it behaves when its services are used. In general, the implementation may be written in a different programming language and execute on different technology platform, from the language and platform used by the client program. In order to implement practically the system that is designed by the Farmer model, there is need to have the ISM (Interface Specification Model) which explains specification about the functions of entities of the Farmer model, such as, entity node, aspect node and ILB/OLB. This paper suggests the transformation methodology from the concepts of the Farmer model to the mapping notions of the ISM. Also in reality, TMN agents system which is designed by the Farmer model is transformed to the ISM system design.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.257-275
• /
• 2007

The objectives of this study were to analysis the farmer's attitude on agriculture and rural area where is developed Environmentally Friendly Agriculture (EFA). To analysis satisfaction level and prospect about EFA, famer's survey were conducted. The sample size of the survey was 176 respectively. Of the famers surveyed, 85.9% thought their income is higher than general farmer in the same area. However, when asked how the future income change, 40.7% responded that will be decreasing step by step. 89.2% of the farmer respondent thought that they want dwelling in rural area and continuing agriculture in the future. However, 29.9% of the farmer respondent thought that rural area is not proper to their children as the future residence. In order to training of new lamer, it is very important to set up stable income structure, improving of welfare facilities, medical facilities and education infra and so on. In addition, it need to develop and spread of environmentally friendly agri-technology, price preservation of environmentally friendly agri-product and supply extension of environmentally friendly agri-material etc.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.283-291
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of useof weather and climate information on farmer income. To accomplish the objective of the study a farm survey was conducted, whose target respondents were local correspondents and reporters of the Korea Rural Economic Institute. The ordered logit model was employed for empirical analysis on determining whether use of weather and climate information affects farmer income. The analysis results show that the greater is farmer use of short-range weather forecasts, the higher is the income. The results also show higher farmers income with use of short-range special weather forecasts. Based upon the empirical results, the dissemination of more precise weather and climate information is suggested to increase farmer income.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.35 no.2
• /
• pp.247-262
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this study is to evaluate farmer's general contents on the current direct payment schemes and to derive some improvement measures, based on the survey data for the three types of direct payment schemes currently executed in Korea; Rice Farmer's Income Support, Early Retirement Aged Farmer's Support and Less Favored Area Direct Payment. In recent years we have introduced diverse direct payment schemes that are expected to have immediate effects in a short term period without enough preparation of the policy, which raises some contradiction between the agricultural policy and the original purpose of the direct payments. The result shows some important revisions should be made related the direct payment schemes, such as farmer's income stability through the improvement of unit payment and the payment length jointed with criteria of the payment, in addition to keeping up multifunctionality of agriculture and enhancing the effect of structural adjustment in agriculture.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.431-442
• /
• 2008

This study was to research the characteristics of the somatotype of Korean farmers. 836 Korean farmers(Male: 361 persons, Female: 475 persons) volunteered for this study. They volunteered from 9 different area such as Kumi, Damyang, Iksan, Injae, Chungju, Choongju, Haman, Whasung, and Whasoon. The reusults were as follows: 1. The subcutaneous body fat thickness were decreased as they aged(p<.05). 2. The thicker the subcutaneous body fat thickness of Korean farmer, the wider the circumference size by the Korean famer's physical parts(p<.05-p<.001). 3. There were no significant differences in the circumference size such as upper arm, chest, bust, waist, umbilical waist, hip, and calf between Korean farmers and Korean standard size. 4. Korean women farmer showed significantly differences in the upper arm circumference(p<.01), the chest circumference(p<.01), the bust circumference(p<.01), the waist circumference(p<.01), the umbilical waist circumference(p<.01), and the calf circumference(p<.05) from Korean women standard by ages. Especially, Korean women farmer had thicker the umbilical waist circumference(the 40's: 103.2mm, the 50's 52.3mm, the 60's 22.3mm, over 70's 22.1mm) than Korean women standard. 5. The 40's women farmer had thicker the upper arm circumference, the chest circumference, the bust circumference, the waist circumference, the umbilical waist circumference, and the calf circumference than Korean women standard. The 70's women farmer had skinner circumferences except the umbilical waist circumference than Korean women standard. 6. Korean farmers showed the crooked back shape, the broad-knee length and also front-bending knee shape as they aged.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.49-59
• /
• 1997

Backgrounds : There has been many studies investigating the causes of farmers' syndrome. In some studies, psychologic stress is related to farmer's syndrome. And the diagnostic criteria of farmer's syndrome is similar to those of generalized anxiety disorder. So we carried out this study to investigate the psychiatric causes of farmers' syndrome. Methods : This study was done in some rural and urban areas of Kyoungsangnam Province, July, August, October and November of 1996. Those who came to free medical service and completed interview, medical examination and laboratory examination and 20-59 years old were 150 persons. And those who came to health center for health examination and completed only interview and 20-59 years old were 94 persons. The questionnaire was composed of sociodemographic factors, health risk factors, farmer's syndrome, work load, BEPSI(inventory to measure stress), Spielberger's state-trait anxiety inventory, self-rating depression scale. To examine statistical significance, we used X2-test, Mantel-Haenszel test for linear association, t-test, ANCOVA, correlation, multiple regression, logistic regression. Results : The prevalence of farmer's syndrome, adjusted for age and sex with population of Kyungsangnam Province of 1993 was 208 per 1,000(90 per 1,000 in men and 329 per 1,000 in women). In bivariate analysis, farmer's syndrome was significantly related to age, sex, job, income, smoking, alcohol drinking, work load, BEPSI, state anxiety, trait anxiety, depression, body mass index, Hwa-Byung, hypertension, anemia. However, when age and sex were adjusted, job was not significantly related to farmer's syndrome. The score of farmer's syndrome was significantly related to age, sex, work load, BEPSI, trait anxiety by multiple regression. Farmer's syndrome was significantly related to increasing age(odd ratio 1.079, 95% C.I. 1.060 - 1.099), sex(odds ratio of male 0.434, 95% C.I. 0.349 - 0.540), and BEPSI(odds ratio 1.231, 95% C.I. 1.148 - 1.320) by logistic regression. Results of logistic regression analysis of the component symptoms of farmer's syndrome were as follows. Shoulder stiffness was significantly related to increasing age, female sex and BEPSI. Lumbago was significantly related to increasing age, female sex and trait anxiety. Numb limbs and nocturia was significantly related to increasing age and female sex. Breathlessness was significantly related to work load, sleeplessness was significantly related to depression, dizziness was significantly related to job and state anxiety, and abdominal fullness was significantly related to female sex. Conclusion : Farmers' syndrome was related to work load, but was more related to psychiatric factors such as BEPSI and trait anxiety. And the occupation was not risk factor of farmers' syndrome in this study, so further study is needed to investigate the cause of farmers' syndrome.