• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.117-122
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• 2007

Practice parameters for non-pharmacological treatment of children and adolescents with pervasive developmental disorders are based on the scientific literature for evidence-based practices. Appropriate educational and behavioral interventions are important in improving the long-term outcome in pervasive developmental disorders. Early and sustained intervention appears to be particularly important. The goal for interventions is to gain pragmatic skills for verbal communication, playing with peers, daily living routines, self-management, and social adaptation. Appropriate involvement and collaboration with parents and family are essential for well-functioning intervention programs. The life-long nature of autism implies that the clinician should maintain an active role in long-term treatment planning and family support. Vocational training and training for more independent living are important for adolescents with autism. Professionals should be knowledgeable about local and national resources and opportunities for family support as well as support of the individual.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.255-273
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• 2019

Orchids are indispensable to the floriculture industry due to their unique floral organization. The flowers have two outer whorls of tepals including a lip (labellum), and two inner whorls, pollinia and gynostemiun (column). The floral organization and development is controlled at the molecular level, mainly by the MADS-box gene family, comprising homeotic genes divided into type I and type II groups. The type I group has four sub-groups, Mα, Mβ, Mγ, and Mδ, playing roles in seed, embryo, and female reproductive organ development; the type II group genes form classes A, B, C, D, and E, which are a part of the MIKC^C subgroup with specific roles in florigenesis and organization. The coordinated functioning of these classes regulates the development of various floral whorls. The availability of genome and transcriptome sequence data for Phalaenopsis equestris offers an opportunity to validate the ABCDE model of flower development. Hence, this study sought to characterize the MADS-box gene family and elucidate of the ABCDE model. A total of 48 identified MADS-box proteins, including 20 type I [Mα (12), Mγ (8)] and 28 type II [MIKC^C (27), MIKC*(1)] members, were characterized for physico-chemical features and domains and motifs organization. The exon-intron distribution and the upstream cis-regulatory elements in the promoter regions of MADS-box genes were also analysed. The discrete pace of duplication events in type I and type II genes suggested differential evolutionary constraints between groups. The correlation of spatio-temporal expression pattern with the presence of specific cis-regulatory elements and putative protein-protein interaction within the different classes of MADS-box gene family endorse the ABCDE model of floral development.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.2338-2348
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• 2013

This study was performed to determine the levels of physical functioning and to reveal its association with socio-demographic characteristics, health status and health related behaviors in the elderly people admitted long-term home care insurance. The interviews were performed, during the period from December 1, 2011 to March 31, 2012, to 618 home care elderlies admitted long-term care insurance dwelling in Daejeon city. As a results, the distribution of impaired ADL and IADL group of all subjects were 45.6% in ADL, and 48.4% in IADL. in consequently, the rate of impaired IADL group was higher than that of impaired ADL group. In logistic regression analysis, the adjusted odds ratio of the impaired ADL and IADL group were significantly increased in the group of male, living with spouse or family, bear for living expenses with son and daughter, health insurance, irregular exercise, seldom with frequency of going out, seldom with activity of hobbies, Subjective health status is good, and disability of body, visual acuity, hearing ability and mastication ability is good, and without urinary incontinence and amnesia. In conclusion, the level of physical functioning in the elderly people admitted long-term home care insurance was decreased in IADL than ADL. And the level of ADL and IADL were related with the various variables of socio-demographic characteristics, health status and health related behaviors.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.266-273
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• 2007

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a family of highly conserved proteins playing an important role in the functioning of unstressed and stressed cells. The HSP70 family, the most widely studied of the hsps, is constitutively expressed (hsc70) in unstressed cells and is also induced in response to stressors (hsp70), especially those affecting the protein machinery. The HSP/HSC70 proteins act as molecular chaperones and are crucial for protein functioning, including folding, intracellular localization, regulation, secretion, and protein degradation. Here, we report the identification and characterization of the putative amino acid sequence deduced from one cDNA clone identified as heat shock protein 70. The alignment showed that the putative sequence is 100% identical to the heat shock protein 70 cognate (HSC 70) of olive flounder. The 5'-flanking region sequence (approximately 1 kb) ahead of the hsc70 gene was cloned by genome walking and a putative core promoter region and transcription elements were identified. We characterized the promoter of the olive flounder hsc70 gene by examining the ability of 5'-upstream fragments to drive expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP) in live embryos.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.58-67
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• 2007

For the rapidly growing elderly population, the achievement and maintenance of good nutritional status is critical to health, functioning and quality of life. Elderly women living alone have been identified as a group associated with poor nutrition. The purpose of this study was to assess dietary intakes of elderly women living alone as compared to those of elderly women living with family in a rural area and to examine seasonal variation. The subjects are 49 elderly women living alone and 41 elderly women living with family who reside in Goryeong-gun, Gyeongbuk, and their food intakes were assessed once each time in summer 2005, winter 2005-2006, and spring 2006. The average ages were 74.7 years for living alone and 72.8 years for living with family. Education level was not different between the two groups. Height, weight, body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and fasting blood glucose were not significantly different between the two groups. Average intakes of major nutrients, nutrient adequacy ratio, mean adequacy ratio and index of nutritional quality were lower in the elderly women living alone compared with the elderly women living with family in summer, but the differences in intakes of most nutrients became insignificant both in winter and in spring. High carbohydrate and low fat diet was prevalent and intakes of carbohydrate and fat in summer deviated from macronutrient acceptable distribution ranges. Percentages of the subjects who consumed energy less than 75% of the estimated energy requirement and nutrients less than the estimated average requirement were higher than those reported by the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. In summer, the percentage of the subjects who consumed energy less than both 75% of the estimated energy requirement and 4 nutrients less than estimated average requirements was 58.5% of the elderly women living alone, which was higher than 26.5% of the elderly women living with family and that of National Nutrition Survey. Therefore, nutrition policies including nutrition education and support are necessary to improve nutritional status of elderly, especially elderly women living alone and should reflect regional and seasonal characteristics.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.1-17
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• 2008

This study aimed at promoting interests and concerns about adolescents' behavior problems and inducing efforts for various preventive and therapeutic solutions by examining the relations of adolescents' family system types, school adjustment, and behavior problems. The subjects of this study were 1,444 middle school students who reside in Seoul and 1,382(male adolescents 747, female adolescents 635) self reported questionnaires were used for final analysis. The result of this study are as follows. First, female adolescents were experiencing more internalizing behavior problems than male adolescents. The gender difference must be considered in the prevention and solution of the behavior problems. Second, the level of adolescents' school adjustment in the maladjusted family type was the lowest, and the level of adolescents' school adjustment in the adjusted family type was the highest. Improving the level of the family functioning can effectively increase the level of the school life the most behavior problems, and those of the adjusted family type were adaptability. Third, adolescents of the maladjusted family type were experiencing the most behavior problems, and those of the adjusted family type were experiencing the least behavior problems. Fourth, if adolescents' school adjustment was in the high level, adolescents were experiencing the lower behavior problems. Therefore, developing educational and counseling programs that can constantly observe adolescents' school adjustment and improve maladjustment problems is adolescents' school adjustment and behavior problems in all family system types. Specially, the negative correlation between male adolescents' school adjustment and externalizing behavior problems and the negative correlation between female adolescents' school adjustment and internalizing behavior problems were higher in the maladjusted family type and middle-adjusted family than in the adjusted family.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.3
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• pp.1-15
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• 1982

I. Objectives This study was done to analyze and evaluate the attitudes of the working mothers toward the care of infants in group settings. II. Method and Procedures 1. Standardized questionnaire were sent out to look into the following: 1) the attitude of working mothers, who have infants below 4 years of age, regarding their job, care-taker and group settings. 2) the status of taking care of their infants 2. Subjects Women teachers of Seoul and Kyung Ki primary school districts, who have infants below age 4. The selection of these subjects were done by random sampling. III. Results 1. Attitudes regarding their jobs: The first reason for retaining their jobs are for financial reasons; whereas, their intents of self-actualization and contributions to society comes next. 2. The Status of Caretakers 60.7% of the care-takers are family-related members, and 38.3% are not. The educational level of caretakers are as follows, with 19.6% of the caretakers without any formal education, 44% with primary education, and 18.7% having high school education. The reasons for the dissatisfaction by the caretakers are low education, a frequent change of caretaker, and an attitude without affection. The cost of child caring is high, the main reason being the heavy expense spent on the caretakers. 3. Attitudes of care in group settings: 85.9% of the subjects responded with positive reactions for the necessity of having group-settings. The reasons given for the importance of having a group setting are early experience, social interaction with peer group and educational functioning, in addition to protective care. They desire for a family-style care which can raise infants under high quality of care.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.270-280
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• 2007

This study was performed to investigate the effects oi nutrition education program in physical health, nutritional status and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of the Elderly in Seoul. Nutrition education program was consisted of healthy eating, prevention and diet therapy of obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and osteoporosis. Seventy eight free-living elderly people (13 male, 65 female), aged ${\geq}60 $ years participated in this program. Before and after nutrition education program, we surveyed the general characteristics, physical health, general health, nutrition status, and health-related quality of life to the subjects. All the subjects were divided into program completers (N=47) and noncompleters (N=31). All the data were analyzed by student t-test, chi-square test, paired t-test, and marginal homogeneity test using SPSS 9.0 version at p<0.05. After nutrition education program, physical activity and ADL maintained, however IADL improved in program noncompleters. In eating habits, 'slow eating' significantly improved in program completers in program completers. Nutrition knowledge and recognition scores were significantly increased in both groups, and accuracy score was significantly increased in program completers. However, nutrient-intakes of %RDA were not significantly changed in both groups, and it seemed to be more influenced by other factors such as 'family income' or 'family type' than by the nutrition education program. In HRQoL, social functioning was improved after nutrition education program in both groups (p<0.05). The nutrition education program has more effects on the program completers than on the noncompleters, and it is also needed social supports for the Elderly to fulfill their nutrient requirements.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.205-209
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• 2017

Transmembrane Protein 39A (TMEM39A) is a member of TMEM family. The understanding about this protein is still limited. The earlier studies indicated that TMEM39A was a key mediator of autoimmune disease. TMEM39A seems to be involved in systemic lupus erythematosus and multiple sclerosis in numerous of populations. All of these works stop at insufficient information by using gene functioning methods such as: Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) and/or follow-up study. It is the fact that the less understood of TMEM39A actually is the attraction to the scientist in near future. In this review the current knowledge about TMEM39A and its possible roles in cell biology, physiology and pathology will be described.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.81-114
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• 2003

This study examines the basis and change of delinquent behavior among Korean adolescents. Theoretical framework was developed and qualitative analysis of delinquency behavior was examined. In order to understand the basis and change of juvenile delinquency, the influence of family environment, school environment and individual factors were investigated through cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. The results of the findings can be summarized into the following six main points: 1) two subcultures of adolescent functioning could be ascertained, 2) the decrease in social support and increase in moral disengagement were directly related to a rise in juvenile delinquency, 3) family disintegration contributed to juvenile delinquency, 4) peer influence help to raise juvenile delinquency, 5) schools were unable to give hope to those students who were not doing well in school and were ineffective in dealing with juvenile delinquents, and 6) the phenomenon of juvenile delinquency points to the importance of opening up the closed school system and closed society, allowing individual diversity and skills to be recognized.