• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.984-992
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• 2020

Objectives: This survey research was conducted to evaluate real-time non-face-to-face education in clinical Korean medicine conducted during the COVID-19 outbreak. Methods: This study was conducted with all 3rd and 4th grade students of the Department of Korean Medicine, Gachon University. The Korean Internal Medicine (Pulmonary) lecture course was held from April 1st to July 1st, 2020 for one semester. The lectures were conducted through real-time non-face-to-face education using the Cisco Webex program, and the lectures were mainly conducted by sharing a PowerPoint summarizing textbook. The questionnaire consisted of 3 parts and a total of 18 questions. The survey was conducted anonymously to ensure the confidentiality of all responses. Results: The overall score for real-time non-face-to-face education was 74.69±18.15 points. The efficiency of real-time non-face-to-face education was 2.12±0.78 points, and opinions on the expansion of future use were 2.08±0.91 points and were generally positive. The ratio of non-face-to-face education and face-to-face education in future clinical Korean medicine theory lectures was about 63:27, with a higher proportion of non-face-to-face education. Conclusions: Promoting clinical Korean medicine as a non-face-to-face education has generally been positively evaluated in terms of efficiency and overall, and its use should be expanded in the future. In particular, it will be necessary to use non-face-to-face education in the theory classes of clinical Korean medicine. However, technical problems involving internet, video, equipment, and communication tools will need to be improved in the future.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.167-175
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• 2023

코로나19 상황에서 대면과 비대면 수업 형태에 따른 대학생의 취득학점과 성적 평점 평균점수가 어떻게 변화되었는지를 연구하게 되었다. 본 연구를 위하여 액세스 데이터베이스를 이용하여 성적데이터를 추출하였다. 연구대상으로 3학기 동안에 152명의 학생들을 대상으로 비대면 수업과 대면 수업에 참여한 학생들의 취득학점 점수와 평점평균값, 중간고사, 기말고사, 과제물 점수, 출석점수를 비교 분석하였다. 분석방법으로는 독립표본 t검정 통계처리를 하였다. 대면반 학생의 취득학점과 평균평점 점수가 더 우수하다는 결론을 얻을 수 있었다. 그 결과 대면반 학생들이 비대면반 학생들의 취득학점 보다 4.39점 높게 나타났고, 평균평점 값이 0.6642점 높게 나타남을 실험 결과를 통하여 알 수 있었다. 비교분석 결과 통계적으로 유의하게 나타났으며, 대면반 수업은 평균 21.22, 비대면반 수업은 16.83점으로 비대면반보다 대면반수업의 학점 취득 점수가 상대적으로 높은 평균 점수를 나타내었다. 결론적으로 대면 학생들의 성적이 비대면 학생의 성적보다 전반적으로 더 높았고, 수업에 참여도가 대면 학생들이 더 높게 나타났음을 확인 할 수 있었다.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.237-244
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• 2024

우리는 수업 형태 (대면, 비대면)에 따라 과학고 학생들의 화학II 및 고급화학 과목의 학업성취도에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다. 연구 대상은 경남 소재 G 과학고등학교 1학년 학생 195명을 대상으로 하였다. 2020년의 비대면 수업과 2021년의 대면 수업에 의한 화학II 및 고급화학 평균 점수를 비교·분석하였다. 수업 형태에 따른 학업성취도를 비교·분석한 결과, 비대면 수업에서 학생들의 화학II 및 고급화학 성적이 높게 나타났다. 수업 형태에 따른 수준별 학업성취도 비교에서, 화학II는 하위권일수록 비대면 수업의 평균 성적이 높게 나타났고, 고급화학은 상위권일수록 비대면 수업의 평균 성적이 높게 나타났다. 또한, 수업 형태의 변화가 화학II의 학업성취도 상위 및 하위 10% 수준에 미치는 영향에서, 상위 10%는 대면 수업에서 높은 성적을 보였고, 하위 10%는 비대면 수업에서 높게 나타났다. 반면, 고급화학에서 상위 10%는 비대면 수업의 평균 성적이 대면 수업의 평균 성적보다 높았고, 하위 10% 수준은 대면 수업의 평균 성적이 비대면 수업의 평균 성적보다 더 높게 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 통해, 과학고 학생들의 교수-학습에서, 교수자는 학업성취 수준에 적합한 교수-학습의 설계 및 수업 처치가 필요한 것으로 나타났다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제18권10호
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• pp.39-52
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aims to find out the relationship between the impact of Korean crew on airline service quality in the global aviation market, which is the representative of the face-to-face sales and can help in the face-to-face market of aviation services. Research design, data: The survey was conducted for about a month from March 1 to April 6, 2020, and a total of 300 copies were used in the analysis of the results. To verify the hypothesis, data was analyzed using the statistical package program SPSS 18.0, and frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis were performed. Results: It is a study on the sales of face-to-face service of crews of global airlines. Non-verbal elements in airline service face-to-face sales have been shown to have a significant impact on service quality. Conclusions: In the face-to-face service sales of global airlines, communication has been shown to affect service quality. A face-to-face sale using mother tongue means important. The better the flight attendant's linguistic face-to-face selling ability, the more positive on the airline's quality of service. It suggests that the communication skills of managers in the aviation service market are important for repurchase.

• 공학교육연구
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.22-32
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to design and operate non-face-to-face online practice class in engineering education, and to explore students' perceptions and effectiveness of them. To this end, after developing and implementing a strategy for non-face-to-face online practice activities in the 'Introduction to Electric Circuits and Lab' course, the questionnaire responses of 47 learners were analyzed, and the group differences were investigated using Kruskal-Wallis test. As a result, it was found that students' perceptions of non-face-to-face online practice class were positive in terms of learning effect, learning convenience, interaction, and satisfaction. The group difference according to the face-to-face/non-face-to-face preference method was found to be higher in the group that preferred non-face-to-face class in terms of learning convenience, interaction and satisfaction. As for the group difference according to the number of questions and answers of the learners, the group who answered the question showed a higher awareness of the learning convenience and interaction than the group that did not. In addition, implications for designing a learning environment for non-face-to-face online practice classes were presented.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.135-139
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• 2022

Purpose: We investigated the satisfaction of physical therapy course according to teaching ways after COVID-19. Methods: 336 students in major of physical therapy were recruited in this study. Based on the classification of subjects in the national examination, the questionnaire was divided into 6 subjects in the basic field of physical therapy, 2 subjects in the field of physical therapy diagnostic evaluation, 8 subjects in the field of physical therapy intervention, and 3 subjects in other fields. The Likert scale was used. Results: In the basic field of physical therapy, all subjects were shown the high score of the satisfactory in face-to-face classes except for the public health and medical law compared to the non-face-to-face classes and mixed classes. Regarding the field of physical therapy diagnostic evaluation, the principle of diagnostic evaluation was shown the high score of the satisfactory in face-to-face classes compared to the non-face-to-face classes and mixed classes. In the field of physical therapy intervention, all subjects were shown the high score of the satisfactory in face-to-face classes compared to the non-face-to-face classes and mixed classes. Conclusion: We found that the face-to-face classes in most of subjects was shown the high score of satisfactory. We believed that our results can be used as basic data for physical therapy major learning methods.

• 전자공학회논문지CI
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 피부색 정보를 이용한 얼굴 후보 검출 방법과 얼굴의 구조적 특징을 이용한 얼굴 확인 방법으로 구성된 얼굴 검출 시스템을 제안한다. 먼저 제안하는 얼굴 후보 검출 방법은 피부색 영역과 피부색의 주변 영역에 대한 이미지 분할과 병합 알고리듬을 이용한다. 이미지 분할과 병합 알고리듬의 적용은 복잡한 이미지에 존재하는 다양한 얼굴들을 후보로 검출할 수 있다. 그리고 제안하는 얼굴 확인 방법은 얼굴을 지역적인 특징에 따라 분류 가능한 부분 얼굴 분류기를 사용하여 얼굴의 구조적 특징을 판단하고, 얼굴과 비-얼굴을 구별한다. 부분 얼굴 분류기는 학습 과정에서 얼굴 이미지만을 사용하고, 비-얼굴 이미지는 고려하지 않기 때문에 적은 수의 훈련 이미지를 사용한다. 실험 결과 제안한 얼굴 후보 검출 방법은 기존의 방법보다 평균 9.55% 많은 얼굴을 후보로 검출하였다. 그리고 얼굴/비-얼굴 분류 실험에서 비-얼굴에 대한 분류율이 99%일 때 기존의 분류기보다 평균 4.97% 높은 얼굴 분류율을 달성 하였다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.50-58
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• 2023

Background: This study was carried out to determine whether non-face-to-face physical therapy would have similar exercise effects to face-to-face physical therapy. Hence, we developed an approach for patients, unable to visit hospitals due to circumstances such as the COVID-19 pandemic, to conduct physical therapy comfortably at home. Objects: This study aimed to compare the effects of a face-to-face and a non-face-to-face physical therapy treatment on improving a rounded shoulder posture. Methods: The participants with rounded shoulders were randomly divided into a face-toface group (n = 15) and a non-face-to-face group (n = 15), and each group performed exercises for four weeks. The exercise program consisted of the bare hands exercise, Thera-Band exercise, and foam roller exercise. The participants in the face-to-face group came to a designated place to perform their exercises, and those in the non-face-to-face group performed the exercises at their own home using Google Meet (Google). Acromial height, total scapular distance (TSD), shoulder pain and dysfunction index (SPADI), and pectoralis minor thickness were measured. Data analysis was performed using the R Statistical Software (R Core Team), and a normality test was performed using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Results: There were no significant differences between the face-to-face and the non-face-toface groups (p > 0.05). When comparing the differences before and after the exercises, both the face-to-face and the non-face-to-face groups showed significant differences in acromial height, SPADI, and pectoralis minor thickness (p < 0.05), and both groups showed no significant difference in TSD before and after the exercises (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study support the results of previous studies reporting that shoulder stabilization exercise and pectoralis minor stretching training improves round shoulders. In addition, this study revealed that both the face-to-face and the non-face-to-face physical therapy treatments had therapeutic effects.

• 산업융합연구
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.169-176
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• 2024

본 연구의 목적은 간호대학생들의 비대면 학습을 경험한 그 의미와 본질을 파악하고자 질적 연구방법을 적용하여 파악하였다. 비대면 학습에 참여한 학생중 12명을 대상으로, 2022년 3월부터 4월까지 실시하고 3그룹의 포커스 집단을 구성하여 면담하였다. 면담자료는 Coaizzi의 현상학적 연구방법을 사용하여 분석하였다. 연구 결과 4개의 주제와 12개의 하부주제로 도출되었다. 4개의 주제는 '자유로움', '효율성', '자기통제', '사회성 부족'등으로 나타났다. 간호대학생들은 비대면 학습을 통해 비대면 학습의 의미를 알게 되었다. 간호대학생들의 비대면 학습 경험을 통해 비대면 학습의 참된 의미를 분석하고 알 수 있었다. 본 연구 결과 간호대학생의 비대면 학습 경험에 대한 참여자들의 내적이해를 제공하였으며, 이는 비대면 교육 프로그램에 다양하게 적용할 수 있을 것이다.

• 공학교육연구
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.53-64
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to provide implications for designing and implementing non-face-to-face online classes at the College of Engineering in the post-corona era by analyzing the instructors' evaluations and experiences of non-face-to-face online classes operated in the COVID-19 pandemic. According to the overall evaluation results of non-face-to-face online classes from instructors at the College of Engineering, 'instructional design' was the highest among the five areas including instructional design, learning management, learning support, learning evaluation, and instructional outcomes. In addition, the effectiveness of non-face-to-face online experimental or practical classes was found to be relatively low. The results of this study imply that the instructors need to consider several instructional strategies such as active interaction with learners, clear explanation, and the use of technology in non-face-to-face online engineering classes.