• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2006.10a
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• pp.97-98
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• 2006

High current behaviors of extended drain n-type metal-oxide-semiconductor field effects transistor (EDNMOS) with double polarity source (DPS) for electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection are analyzed. Simulation based contour analyses reveal that combination of bipolar junction transistor operation and deep electron channeling induced by high electron injection gives rise to the second on-state. Therefore, the deep electron channel formation needs to be prevented in order to realize stable and robust ESD protection performance. Based on our analyses, general methodology to avoid the double snapback and to realize stable ESD protection is to be discussed.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.272-274
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• 2007

During May to July 2004, three strains of Providencia spp. with multidrug-resistance (MDR) were isolated from urinary specimen of three patients hospitalized with a same hospital room. By PCR analysis, all three strains have been found to carry both VIM-2 type $metallo-{\beta}-lactamase$ gene and PER-1 type extended spectrum ${\beta}-lactamase$ gene. One out of three strains carried additional resistance gene, armA, 16S rRNA methylase gene responsible for high level resistance to aminoglycosides. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the identification of Providencia spp. simultaneously carrying $bla_{VIM-2},\;bla_{PER-1}$, and armA genes.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.60 no.3
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• pp.829-844
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• 2023

In this paper, we present a new construction for self-dual codes that uses the concept of double bordered construction, group rings, and reverse circulant matrices. Using groups of orders 2, 3, 4, and 5, and by applying the construction over the binary field and the ring F₂ + uF₂, we obtain extremal binary self-dual codes of various lengths: 12, 16, 20, 24, 32, 40, and 48. In particular, we show the significance of this new construction by constructing the unique Extended Binary Golay Code [24, 12, 8] and the unique Extended Quadratic Residue [48, 24, 12] Type II linear block code. Moreover, we strengthen the existing relationship between units and non-units with the self-dual codes presented in [10] by limiting the conditions given in the corollary. Additionally, we establish a relationship between idempotent and self-dual codes, which is done for the first time in the literature.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.1563-1570
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• 2015

Conformational change during chain propagation of alanine oligomer was investigated by quantum chemical calculation(QCC) using 2~5mers(${\times}=2{\sim}5$) models. For estimation of the end group effects, two types of end group. "amide type" ($CH_3CONH-and-CONHCH_3$) and "methyl type" ($CH_3CONH-and-CONHCH_3$), were prepared as both ends(N-and-C). Conformers optimized for 5-mer converged to three types of ${\Phi}/{\Psi}$ : ${\alpha}$-helix(g+/g+, or g-/g-), PPII-like(extended helix-like, g+/g-, or g-/g+), and ${\beta}$-extended (t+/t-, or t-/t+), in the order of lower energy, and the energies of left- and right- handed conformers were the same (5-mer. amide type ${\Delta}E=-1.05$, right type ${\Delta}E=-1.62$). Energies of the monomer unit(${\Delta}E$) of ${\alpha}$-helix decreased with increases of monomer.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.375-387
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• 2010

The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) presented by Davis (1989) has been regarded as highly explanatory as well as the clearest model in explaining consumers' adoption of innovative technology or products. Existing studies have expanded the model by adding related external variables to improve the explanation depending on the type of innovative technology. This study expanded TAM by adding two more variables, namely consumers' technology innovation and clothing involvement considering the feature of smart clothing. The objectives of this study are as follows: 1. to suggest the extended TAM in explaining the adoption process of smart clothing, 2. to verify the differences in the path hypotheses according to the type of smart clothing. A total of 815 effective samples were collected from adults over 20 years old, and AMOS 5.0 package was employed for data analysis. As a result, it was proved that the extended TAM was appropriate for explaining the process of adopting smart clothing according to the path hypotheses of smart clothing types. Technology innovation and clothing involvement were confirmed as antecedent variables in affecting TAM. The perceived usefulness appeared to be a more crucial variable than the perceived ease of use and attitude was found to be an important parameter in adopting smart clothing. Considering the path hypotheses of MP3 playing clothes, perceived usefulness had a direct influence on acceptance intention unlike other types of smart clothing. As for photonic clothes, the influence of perceived ease of use on attitude was supported while it was rejected in the case of MP3 playing clothes and sensing sportswear.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.349-354
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• 2016

The emergence and dissemination of extended-spectrum ${\beta}$-lactamse (ESBL) producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates make it more difficult to treatment of bacterial infections. In our study, we detected ESBL genes and investigated antimicrobial susceptibility of K. pneumoniae isolates in Chungcheong province. In addition, clonality among the isolates was analyzed by repetitive element sequence (REP)-PCR. Twenty-one of 102 K. pneumoniae isolates produced CTX-M-14 and/or CTX-M-15 and showed high level (over 70%) resistance to third cephalosporins. CTX-M type ESBL producing K. pneumoniae strains isolated in our study showed diverse clonality and some of the isolates have been disseminated in the community. Enhancing infection control will be needed to prevent dissemination of the K. pneumoniae isolates. In addition, for more effective control of resistant bacteria it is considered necessary to monitor the database constructed through convergence of biological investigation and statistical analysis of antimicrobial resistance genes.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.267-274
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• 2006

Klebsiella pneumoniae is the leading cause of nasocomial infection and the most commonly isolated from clinical specimens. $Extended-spectrum-{\beta}-lactamase$ (ESBL) producing K. pneumoniae infection was associated with a significantly longer duration of hospital stay and greater hospital charges. The purpose of this study is to investigate the antibiotic resistant patterns and the DNA fingerprint types of extended-spectrum ${\beta}-lactamase$ (ESBL) producing K. pneumoniae. 223K. pneumoniae strains were collected from three general hospitals with more than 500 beds in Busan, Korea from September 2004 to October 2005. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of antibiotics was measured using the Gram negative susceptibility (GNS) cards of VITEK (Vitek system, Hazelwood Inc., MO). Random amplified polymorphic DNA method was used to detect DNA fingerprint of the organisms. Of the 226 K. pneumoniae isolates 65 ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae strains were detected by the Vitek system and confirmed by the double-disk synergy test. All the 65K. pneumoniae strains were resistant cefazolin, cefepime, ceftriaxone and aztreonam, and 83.0% of the organisms were resistant to ampicillin/sulbactam, 66.1% to tobramycin, 67.6% to piperacillin/tazobactam, 61.5% to ciprofloxacin, and 47.6% to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and 43.0% to gentamicin. The RAPD patterns were distincted as 10 types by three random 10-mer primers (208, 272, 277). Among ten type patterns, three types (Ic, IIb, IIIe) were remarkably represented at patient of internal department, nerve surgery department, general surgery department, and neonatal room. These results indicate that RAPD can be useful for DNA of strains typing in the epidemiological investigations. Therefore more investigation are needed in order to prevent the ESBL type-producing K. pneumoniae from spreading resistance to oxyimino cephalosphorin antibiotics.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.27-47
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• 2011

Donguisusebowon(東醫壽世保元) doesn't have pretty large quantity of contents, so indications of Four-Constitution Medicine formulas on that medical book are small. Therefore, indications of Four-Constitution Medicine formula need to be extended for broader clinical use of Four-Constitution Medicine. There would be some methods to do that, and we could review the literatures that Four-Constitution Medicine formulas are based on. We reviewed Bojungyikgi-tang on "Dongeuibogam(東醫寶鑑)", and we found that if the Four-Constitution Medicine formula is based on Sanghan formula(傷寒方) or non-classical formula(後世方), it is worth adding more indications of base formulas to those of Four-Constitution Medicine formula. For exmaple, Indications of Bojungyikgi-tang for So-Eum type could be extended by indications of non-classical formula(後世方) Bojungyikgi-tang and modified formula(加減方) Bojungyikgi-tang on Dongeuibogam, We supposed 23 indications of non-classical formula(後世方) Bojungyikgi-tang, and 20 indications of modified formula(加減方) Bojungyikgi-tang as possible indications of Bojungyikgi-tang for So-Eum type.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.82-83
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• 2008

In the cases of high speed railway bridge, dynamic behavior analysis is important because of high passing velocity and moving load at the regular intervals, and the damping ratio is a major element in dynamic behavior analysis. In this paper, damping ratios were estimated by two methods and vibration type sections, and relationship between estimated damping ratio and representative value of bridge vibration. At the results, estimated damping ratio using all time of vibration were more stable then using only free vibration section. And in the case of using extended Kalman filter, estimated damping ratio were trend of growth by growth of representative value of bridge vibration. At last, it was shown that study about reliabilities of estimated damping ratios were need.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.143-156
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• 1995

Using a directional antenna, the Doppler effect of satellites can be detected and the orbital elements can be obtained by the Extended Kalman Filter with the observed frequency shift data. We obtained the orbital elements of NOAA-11 by the application of the Extended Kalman Filter type algorithm to the Doppler shift data of NOAA-11d and discussed the accuracy and the credibility of this algorithm.