• 부모자녀건강학회지
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• 제1권
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• pp.75-87
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• 1998

These days social and economical changes have influence on the structure of family and the role of family members. Working mothers and widowers with children are increasing because of economical difficulties. Support from relatives are decreasing because of the conspicuous trend toward nuclear families. According to these reasons androgynous fathers are required. Today's fathers in Korea socially and culturally have learned about traditional parenting, but they are changing their fathering styles to meet the demands of the times. However they don't have their own fathering models. Therefore nurses who hold an advantageous position to teach and support from clinic have to encourage them to care their infants. The purposes of this study were to define father's care giving in infancy, understand influencing factors on fathering, and the differences between fathering and mothering, then contribute to nursing implementation for supporting fathers. This study was designed to review references about father's care giving. The results were follows: Six aspects of parent participation were direct care. indirect care, play, decision-making concerning the child, amount of time of sole responsibility for the child and overall availability to the child. Direct care involved feeding, bathing, going to child if child awakens. dressing, putting child to bed, taking child to doctor, nurse, or dentist, transporting child to and from sitter, day care, or school, washing child's hair. Indirect care involved cleaning up after child, preparing child's food, fixing child's broken playthings, washing child's clothes, arranging baby-sitting, shopping for child's toys and clothes, transporting baby-sitter to and from your home. Young fathers were gradually participating in direct care like feeding, taking child to doctor. Father's care giving stimulated mothering and promoted parent-infant relationship. Influencing factors of fathering would be divided into father characteristics, surrounding factors, infant attributes. Father characteristics were age, role perception, relationship with parent. Surrounding factors were the opportunity of early contact, support system, spouse's expectation, marital adjustment, feeding type, past experience of care giving. Infant attributes were temperament, behavior, age, sex. The differences between fathering and mothering were reviewed. Fathers were poor at care giving. but their caring was similar to mother's. This subtle difference positively worked upon infant's growth and development. On the basis of these theoretical data, nurses can empower fathers to cooperate with mothers in caring infants.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.153-167
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• 1985

This paper is aimed at comparing the attitudes of parents and the psycho-sociogenic aspects of the children of Korean and Japan. The data for the analysis were derived from questionnaires administered to the 4th, 5th, and 6th-grade children in Korean and Japan. The questionnaires were designed to survey children's perception of their parents'child-rearing and the psycho-sociogenic aspects of the children's personality in Korea and Japan. The child-parent relationships identified by the children were measured by the items indicating the degree and the extent to which they felt their parents' dissatisfaction, complaints, strictness, expectation, interference, worry, indulgence, blind obedience, contradiction and disagreement. The psycho-sociogenic aspects of the children's personalities were measured by the items indicating the degree and extent of how they felt about their own sociablility, independence, aggressiveness, extent of how they felt about their own sociability, independencem aggressiveness, participation in groups. Spontaneity, self-control and public spirit.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.579-584
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• 1999

Several oxazolidinones having amine moiety were prepared to form a quaternay ammonium salt with cephalosporin nucleus, and antibacterial activity of the quaternary ammonium cephalosporin derivatives bearing oxazolidinone moiety were examined particularly with expectation of dual activity. However, the cephalosporin-oxazolidinone compounds revealed rather weaker antibacterial activity in vitro than their parent oxazolidinone and cephalosporin without showing any characteristic activity as expected.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제36권8호
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• pp.77-93
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• 1998

Have elderly parents parted with parental role after the children were grown up? If they still have, what kinds and degrees of parental responsibilities endured? Do they actively perform the role? Do they satisfy to engage in parenting? The main purpose of present study explored these questions conceming rural old-aged families using data of 143 elderly parents aged 60 years and above. The results indicate that elderly parents perceived parenting adult children to be very important, regarding themselves as househeads to teach family members how to integrate together. The results also demonstrate that elderly parents performed parental role actively in teaching family rituals and providing emotional support. The elderly parents also report that they were fairly satisfied with involvement in adult children's lives. Our findings suggest that further in-depth research is required in eliciting the role parameters of elderly parents based on our social and cultural changes. In addition, it is encouraged to examine the adult children's expectation of their elderly parents for renegotiating and restructuring parent-child relationships when both are adults.

• 한국심리학회지 : 문화 및 사회문제
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.37-59
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• 2004

이 연구는 한국 청소년의 학업성취과정에서 부모자녀관계가 어떠한 심리적 역동을 갖는가에 대한 분석을 주된 목적으로 한다. 부모자녀관계는 부모의 사회적 지원, 성취압력, 자녀에 대한 기대, 부모에 대한 죄송함과 존경심 지각을 포함했다. 이러한 부모자녀관계가 자녀의 심리특성으로서 자기조절학습효능감과 성취동기, 그리고 행동특성으로서 공부시간과 학업성적에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 분석하였다. 동시에 학업성취과정에서 과거의 성취도가 어떠한 영향력을 갖는지에 대해서도 종단자료를 통해 분석하고자 했다. 1차 표집대상은 2개 초등학교 6학년 전체 961명이었으며, 그들이 중학교 1학년 시기가 되었을 때 7개 중학교에 분산된 856명이 2차 표집되었다. 그들이 중학교 3학년이 되었을 때 830명(남 411명, 여 419명)이 3차 표집되었고, 3차 표집대상 학생의 부모에게도 질문지를 실시하여 아버지 722명과 어머니 767명이 표집되었다. 3차 표집대상 중에서 학생과 아버지 어머니 자료가 모두 수집된 694명의 자료가 이 연구를 위한 최종분석대상이었다. 분석결과는 다음과 같다: 1) 과거의 학업성취도는 현재의 학업성적을 결정하는 가장 영향력있는 변인이었으며, 자기조절학습효능감과 공부시간에도 영향을 미쳤다. 2) 부모에 대한 죄송함은 성취동기를 높였으며, 성취동기는 공부시간에 직접적으로 관련되었다. 3) 부모에 대한 존경심은 자기조절학습효능감을 증진했으며, 높아진 효능감은 학업성적을 향상시켰다. 4) 부모의 사회적 지원은 자녀의 자기조절학습효능감과 성취동기를 증진했으며, 부모의 성취압력은 성취동기를 높였다. 5) 자녀에 대한 부모의 기대는 자녀의 학업성적에 정적인 영향이 있었다. 6) 자기조절학습효능감은 학업성적에 정적인 영향을 주었다. 이러한 결과로부터, 과거 학업성취가 현재 학업성취를 결정하는 가장 중요한 예언변인이며, 부모자녀관계와 자기조절학습효능감도 청소년의 학업성취에 영향을 주는 중요한 변인임이 확인되었다.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.119-127
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• 2011

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the parents' awareness on the oriental medical treatment and their expectation on children's growth. Methods: The survey was conducted on 78 Health Kids Fair visitors, and 87 children's height and weight were measured in this study. Results: 1. Compare to other treatment, 62.82% of the parents responded that herbal medicine is relatively effective in treating weakness, followed by 'Allergic disease'(46.15%) 'Growth disturbance'(26.92%) 'Obesity'(26.92%) 'Respiratory disease'(26.92%) 'Digestive disease'(19.23%) 'Precocious puberty'(8.97%) 'Neurologic & psychologic disease'(6.41%) 'Urogenital disease'(3.85%). 2. Parents recognize that 'Oriental medicine have an effect on children's height mostly'(25.64%) 'Oriental medicine have an effect on children's height partially'(64.10%) 'Oriental medicine have no effect on children's height'(10.26%) 25.64% of the parents responded that herbal medicine would be helpful in increasing height, 64.10% of the parents said they would be helpful to the certain extent, and 10.26% said they would not play any roles. 3. Expected average weight, height, and BMI score for the boys were 71.8kg, 179.6cm and 22.10. For the girls, however, they were 53.4kg, 168.7, and 18.74. 4. Survey on parents' awareness on benefits of different treatments for challenged growth, Herbal medicine'(48.72%) 'Acupuncture'(7.69%), 'Moxibustion'(3.85%), 'Electronic acupuncture and Aqua acupuncture'(1.28%), 'Massage on acupuncture point'(19.23%), 'Consultation of eating habits'(61.54%), 'Consultation of exercise'(47.44%) were measured. Conclusions: Considering the collected results, we realized that the parents' expected height on their children was, in fact, higher than the standard height. In addition, for treatments for their children's growth improvement, parents expected that 'Herbal madicine' 'Massage on acupuncture point' 'Consultation of eating habits' 'Consultation of exercise would be beneficial.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.131-159
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• 2014

Corporate rebranding has been evident in the qualitative corporate rebranding studies as an imposed organizational change that induces mixed reactions and ambivalent attitudes among consumers. Corporate rebranding for the established and familiar corporate brands leads to more ambivalent attitudes as these companies represent larger targets for disparaging information. Consumers are found to hold both positive and negative reactions toward companies and brands that they are familiar with. Nevertheless, the imposed change assumption and ambivalent attitude, in particular corporate rebranding, have never been widely explored in the quantitative corporate rebranding studies. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive empirical examination of the ambivalence towards rebrandingrebranded brand attitude-purchase intention relationships. The author proposes that corporate rebranding for familiar corporate brands is a double-edged sword that not only raises the expectation for better performance, but also induces conflicted and ambivalent attitudes among consumers. These consumers' ambivalent attitudes are influenced by both the parent brands-related and general attitude factors which further affect their rebranded brand attitude and purchase intention. A total of 156 useable questionnaires were collected from Malaysian working adults; and two established Malaysian airfreight operators were utilized as the focal parent brands. The study found a significant impact of prior parent brand attitudes on ambivalence towards rebranding (ATR). The parent brand attitudes served as anchors in influencing how new information was processed (Mazaheri et al., 2011; Sherif & Hovland, 1961) and closely related to behavioral intention (Prislin & Quellete, 1996). The ambivalent attitudes experienced were higher when individuals held both positive and negative reactions toward the parent brands. Consumers also held higher ambivalent attitudes when they preferred one of the parent brands; while disliked the other brand. The study also found significant relationships between the lead brand and the rebranded brand attitude; and between the partner brands and ATR. The familiar but controversial partner brand contributed significantly to the ambivalent attitudes experienced; while the more established lead brand had significant impact on the rebranded brand attitude. The lead and partner brands, though both familiar, represented different meanings to consumers. The author attributed these results to the prior parent brand attitudes, the skepticism and their general ambivalence toward the corporate rebranding. Both general attitude factors (i.e. skepticism and general ambivalence towards rebranding) were found to have significant positive impacts on ATR. Skeptical individuals questioned the possibility of a successful rebranding (Chang, 2011) and were more careful with their evaluations toward 'too god to be true' or 'made in heaven' pair of companies. The embedded general ambivalent attitudes that people held toward rebranding could be triggered from the associative network by the ambiguous situation (Prislin & Quellete, 1996). In addition, the ambivalent rebranded brand attitude was found to lower down purchase intention, supporting Hanze (2001), Lavine (2001) and van Harreveld et al. (2009)'s studies. Ambivalent individuals were found to prefer delay decision making by choosing around the mid-ranged points in 'willingness to buy' scale. The study provides several marketing implications. Ambivalence management is proven to be important to corporate rebranding to minimize the ambivalent attitudes experienced. This could be done by carefully controlling the parent brands-related and general attitude factors. The high ambivalent individuals are less confident with their own conflicted attitudes and are motivated to get rid of the psychological discomfort caused by these conflicted attitudes (Bell & Esses, 2002; Lau-Gesk, 2005; van Harreveld et al., 2009). They tend to process information more deeply (Jonas et al., 1997; Maio et al., 2000; Wood et al., 1985) and pay more attention to message that provides convincible arguments. Providing strong, favorable and convincible message is hence effective in alleviating consumers' ambivalent attitudes. In addition, brand name heuristic could be utilized because the rebranding strategy sends important signal to consumers about the changes that happen or going to happen. The ambivalent individuals will pay attention to both brand name heuristic and rebranding message in their effort to alleviate the psychological discomfort caused by ambivalent attitudes. The findings also provide insights to Malaysian and airline operators for a better planning and implementation of corporate rebranding exercise.

• 컴퓨터교육학회논문지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.9-18
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 청소년의 컴퓨터 사용 유형별 관련변수의 추출 알고리즘 과정을 조사하였다. 이를 위해 한국청소년 패널 조사(KYPS)의 중 2패널의 1차년도 자료(총 3409명, 남: 1704명, 여: 1705명)를 활용하여 데이터마이닝의 의사결정트리분석을 하였다. 그 결과, 오락추구는 성별, 컴퓨터 사용시간, 비행친구 수, 부모감독, 주변문제아인식, 부모공부기대, 자아통제력, 교사애착, 형제자매사이 등, 관계추구는 성별, 사이버동아리 참여, 컴퓨터 사용시간, 자기신뢰, 온라인 비행 등, 정보추구는 학업에 대한 열중, 개인공부시간, 낙관적 성향, 학기 중 공부시간과 여가시간, 본인희망교육, 사이버동아리 참여, 자기신뢰, 주변사람들비난 등의 변수들이 조합되는 다양한 조건에 따라 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과로 청소년의 컴퓨터 사용과 관련된 다양한 조건들을 심층적으로 이해하고 컴퓨터를 좀 더 효율적으로 활용할 수 있음을 제언하였다.

• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.103-127
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• 2015

본 연구는 전반적인 우리 사회 교육기관의 비생명적인 문제에 대한 비판에 터하여 부모와 교사의 가정-유아교육기관 간 파트너십 실태와 형성에 대한 인식과 바람을 살펴봄으로써 종국적으로 유아교육기관을 따뜻한 교육공동체로 만들어 나갈 수 있는 토대를 마련하는데 목적이 있다. 연구참여자는 현재 교육기관에 자녀를 보내고 있는 어머니 4명과 현직 교사 4명, 총 8명이다. 연구결과 첫째, 부모와 교사가 생각하는 파트너십 실태에 대한 인식은 4가지로 범주화 되었다: 1) '파트너십': 아이의 긍정적 성장과 발달에 필수불가결한 요소, 2) 모호함을 안은 채 수행하고 있는 서툰 파트너십, 3) 진정한 협력자 동반자로서의 자각 부족, 4) 부모-교사 간 협력을 방해하는 외적 문제가 그것이다. 둘째, 가정-유아교육기관 간 파트너십 형성을 위한 부모와 교사의 바람은 5가지로 범주화 되었다: 1) 더 나은 파트너십을 위한 공동체의식 형성, 2) 부모-교사 간 상호 이해를 돕는 공감 능력과 의사소통기술개발, 3) 다양한 부모 유형에 따른 파트너십 증진 방안 고려, 4) 지역사회의 대학과 온라인을 통한 부모교육과 교사교육의 활성화, 5) 가정-교육기관 간 새로운 관계문화 형성을 위한 국가 차원의 지원이 그것이다. 이를 토대한 다양한 방안 모색 및 현장 적용의 노력으로 구축되는 부모(가정)-교사(교육기관) 간 탄탄한 파트너십은 유아교육기관을 생명성이 보지(保持)되는 따뜻한 교육공동체로 구현해나가는데 도움을 줄 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국가족관계학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.95-122
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to find out the moderating effect of gender between parenting attitude and anger expression of adolescent. Particularly, to ensure that the anger of emotion is common nature, this study was conducted on the middle class adolescent of stable economic status. Method: The subjects of this study were 357 students, first grade from 3 high schools in Seoul. Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, correlation, and hierarchial regression, using the SPSS 18.0 program. Results: The main results were as follows: First, in parenting attitude the perception of monitoring and affection was less important for boys than girls, but more important in over expectation and neglect. Second, in anger expression the level of anger-control appeared higher than anger-in and anger-out, no significant gender difference in subfactors. Third, the effect of gender moderated the relationships between parenting attitude and anger expression of adolescent. Conclusions: The results indicated the need to recognize gender difference in controlling anger of adolescent and to improve dysfunctional parenting attitude in middle class. Furthermore, the implications were discussed in enhancing parent-adolescent communication, developing emotional education programs, and preventing juvenile delinquency.