• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.125-167
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• 2003

ADR program is designed to solve the problem such as the increase of suits and decision delayed. ADR program has the several significances, decreasing inappropriate cost as time and burden of courts, providing an approachable measure of relief and more efficient tool for settlement of dispute. Particularly ADR program satisfies the needs Intellectual property disputes need specialists that are versed in the subjected problem and, need to be souled quickly in confidence. And parties concerned are not good at the strict judicial procedure in courts, At this point, ADR program holds some advantages over court proceeding for intellectual property disputes. Specialists can be selected as arbitrators or mediator; Cofidentiality may be preserved; Flexibility allows settlement based on mutual commercial interests; Single solution is possible for multiple disputes involving parties from different countries. However, ADR program has not been properly used in. Korea, which is due to not only the lack of understanding the ADR program, but the poor number of filings and settlements. Intermediaries are not professional and also they do not take active hands in disputes. Sometimes, their fairness is asked as peacemakers. Eventually, it is said that this program is not enough to settle international disputes. To activate the ADR program, we can propose the ADR program annexed to court for example. And we can introduce the conciliation and arbitration to disputes in intellectual property. Traditionally arbitration has been a crucial issue in intellectual property disputes. In that intellectual property rights are granted by the local sovereign power, many legal systems in the past maintained the position that the existence, extent, meaning and application of such rights could only be definitively decided by the granting authority or the courts of that country. There is wide recognition that the arbitration of intellectual property is desirable. The law in most of the major countries has been changed in recent years in favor of arbitrability of intellectual property rights. We can also propose ADR on-line.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Next Generation Computing
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.15-29
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• 2018

This paper proposes an enhanced object tracking algorithm to compensate the lack of temporal information in existing particle swarm optimization based object trackers using the trajectory of the target object. The proposed scheme also enables the tracking and documentation of the location of an online updated set of distractions. Based on the trajectories information and the distraction set, a rule based approach with adaptive parameters is utilized for occlusion detection and determination of the target position. Compare to existing algorithms, the proposed approach provides more comprehensive use of available information and does not require manual adjustment of threshold values. Moreover, an effective weight adjustment function is proposed to alleviate the diversity loss and pre-mature convergence problem in particle swarm optimization. The proposed weight function ensures particles to search thoroughly in the frame before convergence to an optimum solution. In the existence of multiple objects with similar feature composition, this algorithm is tested to significantly reduce convergence to nearby distractions compared to the other existing swarm intelligence based object trackers.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.69-76
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• 2007

High-frequency electromagnetic (EM) wave propagation associated with borehole ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is a complicated phenomenon. To improve the understanding of the governing physical processes, we employ a finite-difference time-domain solution of Maxwell's equations in cylindrical coordinates. This approach allows us to model the full EM wavefield associated with crosshole GPR surveys. Furthermore, the use of cylindrical coordinates is computationally efficient, correctly emulates the three-dimensional geometrical spreading characteristics of the wavefield, and is an effective way to discretise explicitly small-diameter boreholes. Numerical experiments show that the existence of a water-filled borehole can give rise to a strong waveguide effect which affects the transmitted waveform, and that excitation of this waveguide effect depends on the diameter of the borehole and the length of the antenna.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.86-92
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• 2009

As increasing of using induction motors, the induction motors faults cause serious damage to the industry. Therefore to find out faults of induction motor is recognized as important problem awaiting solution. But to make matters worse, the faults of induction motors often progress through long time. It means that early diagnosis is very important. Many researches have been progressed and general method of diagnosis is using vibration sensor to diagnose fault of induction motor. However, although it is reliability technique, it demands high price and it is difficult to use. This paper presents an implementation of technique for fault diagnosis of induction motor using wavelet transform based stator current and it is composed with algorithm that decides whether fault existence or not using C++ based on windows software. The algorithm will be accomplished in real-time using current data acquisition board and PC automatically with Neural Network algorithm.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.11-16
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• 1998

In this study, we prepared a Na$_2$Se/NH$_4$OH solution to investigate a passivation effect of Se on GaAs surface. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL) were used to analyse the surface chemical bonding states and the optical properties of GaAs after Se-treatment and a successive exposure to air, respcetively. It was observed that all of the observed selenium bound with arsenic to form As-Se bond and showed only one oxidation state as -2. PL intensity of Se-passivated surface was larger than that of HCI-cleaned surface, and this means that the effective reduction of surface state density of GaAs was successfully obtained by this treatment. However the existence of partial oxide on the Se-passivated surface was seemed to be a major cause to the degradation of Se passivation effcet. PL intensity of Se-passivated surface also decreased according to air-exposure and converged to that of HCI-cleaned surface.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.111-118
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• 2015

This research aims to utilize lapilli from the Mt. Baekdusan as environmently-friendly construction material. First of all, the neutralizing method for fabricating lapilli-cement-mixed bioblock was examined. And then, by use of the neuralized bioblock with microorganism for water purification, the growth inhibition effect against the pathogenic coliform bacillus was evaluated. The result regarding growth inhibition effect on pathogenic coliform bacillus indicates that the pretreatment condition, which is a concurrent procession with aqueous solution of 10% di-ammonium Phosphate after water curing, led to pH degraded below 10 which was the target value. Therefore it was concluded that the method was effective on bio-block neutralization. The microorganisms purifying water and di-ammonium phosphate were detected through the examination for microorganism existence on the bioblock, therefore it was concluded that the bioblock composed of lapilli and cement is able to be utilized in various structures as an environment friendly construction material.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.171-179
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• 1977

Proton magnetic resonance spectra of five glycine-containing dipeptides glycyl-L-valine, L-valyl-glycine, glycyl-DL-alanine, glycyl-DL-serine and glycyl-L-aspartic acid in $D_2O$ were investigated as a function of pH at room temperature. From the analysis of the spectra, it was found that the chemical shift of the $C_{\alpha}H,\;C_{\beta}H\;and\;C_rH$protons varies with pH as a one-step titration curve, and that the spin-spin coupling constant remains almost unchanged. Two distinct values of the chemical shift for $C_{\alpha}H,\;C_{\beta}H\;or\;C_rH$protons of constituent amino acids in dipeptide solutions indicate the existence of two magnetically non-equivalent sites in solution. From this study, the structures of the five dipeptides have been confirmed by proton magnetic resonance spectra and it has been suggested that the structural change, conformation and sequence determination can be explored for oligopeptides by an analysis of proton magnetic resonance spectra.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.39 no.3_4
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• pp.381-403
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• 2021

Consider the three-dimensional system of difference equations $x_{n+1}=\frac{{\prod_{j=0}^{k}}z_n-3j}{{\prod_{j=1}^{k}}x_n-(3j-1)\;\(a_n+b_n{\prod_{j=0}^{k}}z_n-3j\)}$, $y_{n+1}=\frac{{\prod_{j=0}^{k}}x_n-3j}{{\prod_{j=1}^{k}}y_n-(3j-1)\;\(c_n+d_n{\prod_{j=0}^{k}}x_n-3j\)}$, $z_{n+1}=\frac{{\prod_{j=0}^{k}}y_n-3j}{{\prod_{j=1}^{k}}z_n-(3j-1)\;\(e_n+f_n{\prod_{j=0}^{k}}y_n-3j\)}$, n ∈ ℕ₀, where k ∈ ℕ₀, the sequences $(a_n)_{n{\in}{\mathbb{N}}_0$, $(b_n)_{n{\in}{\mathbb{N}}_0$, $(c_n)_{n{\in}{\mathbb{N}}_0$, $(d_n)_{n{\in}{\mathbb{N}}_0$, $(e_n)_{n{\in}{\mathbb{N}}_0$, $(f_n)_{n{\in}{\mathbb{N}}_0$ and the initial values x_-3k, x_-3k+1, …, x₀, y_-3k, y_-3k+1, …, y₀, z_-3k, z_-3k+1, …, z₀ are real numbers. In this work, we give explicit formulas for the well defined solutions of the above system. Also, the forbidden set of solution of the system is found. For the constant case, a result on the existence of periodic solutions is provided and the asymptotic behavior of the solutions is investigated in detail.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.237-253
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• 2022

The methyl 2-(1,3-dithietan -2- ylidene)-3-oxobutanoate (MDYO) and 2-(1,3-dithietan-2-ylidene) cyclohexane -1,3-dione (DYCD) were synthesized and tested at various concentrations as corrosion inhibitors for 316L stainless steel in 1 M HCl using weight loss, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), surface analysis techniques (SEM / EDX and Raman spectroscopy) and Functional Density Theory (DFT) was also used to calculate quantum parameters. The obtained results indicated that the inhibition efficiency of MDYO and DYCD increases with their concentration, and the highest value of corrosion inhibition efficiency was determined in the range of concentrations investigated (0.01 × 10^-3 - 10^-3 M). Polarization curves (Tafel extrapolation) showed that both compounds act as mixed-type inhibitors in 1M HCl solutions. Electrochemical impedance spectra (Nyquist plots) are characterized by a capacitive loop observed at high frequencies, and another small inductive loop near low frequencies. The thermodynamic data of adsorption of the two compounds on the stainless steel surface and the activation energies were determined and then discussed. Analysis of experimental results shows that MDYO and DYCD inhibitors adsorb to the metal surface according to the Langmuir model and the mechanism of adsorption of both inhibitors involves physisorption. SEM-EDX results confirm the existence of an inhibitor protective film on the stainless steel surface. The results derived from theoretical calculations supported the experimental observation.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.41 no.9
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• pp.488-494
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• 1997

Lithium and sodium ions have been intercalated into two dimensional structure of $FeMoO_4Cl$. The electronic localization and the large difference in unit cell parameter between the pristine material and the intercalates lead to the existence of large biphased domains. In the case of the lithium system, a narrow range of $Li_xFeMoO_4Cl$ ($0.95{\leq}x{\leq}1.06$) solid solution has been found around the $LiFeMoO_4Cl$ composition. The OCV curve fitting has been performed using Armand's model. The occurrence of several parts in the charge-discharge curve is related to the electronic and structural modifications of the material during the intercalation process.