• 제목/요약/키워드: evaluation of age

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Natural Tooth Color Evaluation in the Korean Elderly Population

  • Bye-Ri Han;Mi-Yeon Kim;Sun-Ho Kim;Jeong-Hee Kim;Ran-Ah Kim
    • Journal of Korean Dental Science
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    • 제16권2호
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    • pp.192-203
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    • 2023
  • Purpose: This study is to investigate the distribution of natural tooth shades in the Korean elderly population to quantify the correlation and changes of tooth color with age and gender. In addition, the possible effects of habits on tooth color were assessed. Materials and Methods: The tooth color of one of the maxillary central incisors of 200 Korean individuals aged 50 to 89 years, males and female, was measured using the portable intraoral spectrophotometer (VITA Easyshade V). CIELab and CIELCh color coordinates were recorded. We conducted the survey about the tobacco smoking, chronic disease, medication, eating habits, oral health behaviors and satisfaction with tooth color. Experimental data were statistically analyzed by using the t-test (P<0.05), two-way analysis of variance and Pearson's correlation test. Result: The most frequent color in the Korean elderly population was 3M3 & A3.5 shade. L* and h* values decreased, whereas C*, a* and b* values increased progressively with age. There was a significant interaction between age and color coordinates for b* values (r=0.245, P<0.05). Males generally have significantly higher C*, a*, b* values and lower L*, h* value compared to females. Individuals who consumed alcohol had a higher L* value (P<0.05). Conclusion: Within the limitation of this study, the central incisors were getting darker, more reddish, and yellowish with age. Information on the chromatic range of natural teeth by age and gender could help to select colors for esthetic dental restorations.

차세대 공항 서비스를 위한 베이지안 연령추정기법을 이용하는 스마트 디지털 사이니지에 대한 연구 (A Study on a Smart Digital Signage Using Bayesian Age Estimation Technique for the Next Generation Airport Service)

  • 김춘호;이동우;백경민;문성엽;허찬;나종화;온승엽;최우영
    • 한국항행학회논문지
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    • 제18권6호
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    • pp.533-540
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    • 2014
  • 차세대 공항 서비스를 위하여 고객의 연령 정보를 인식하는 스마트 디지털 사이니지를 제안한다. 제안된 시스템은 고객의 얼굴을 검출하고 연령대를 베이지안 분류기법을 이용하여 추정하여 맞춤형 정보를 디스플레이 함으로서 고객의 만족도를 향상시키도록 설계되었다. 연령대 인식은 카메라를 이용하여 고객의 얼굴 영상을 획득한 뒤, 얼굴의 주름을 계산하고 베이지안 분류기를 이용하여 연령대를 추정한다. 개발된 연령대 인식기반 스마트 디지털 사이니지는 영상시스템 평가용 FERET 얼굴 데이터베이스를 이용하여 성능을 검증하였다. 연령추정 스마트 디지털 사이니지는 다양한 연령대의 공항고객에게 맞춤형 광고를 제시함으로서 광고 효율을 개선하여 공항 고객의 만족도 향상에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Which Factors Related to the Renal Cortical Defects in Infants Under 3 Months of Age with Urinary Tract Infections?

  • An, Yu Kyung;Cho, Myung Hyun;Kim, Kyo Sun
    • Childhood Kidney Diseases
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    • 제20권2호
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    • pp.57-62
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    • 2016
  • Purpose: We used technetium-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scintigraphy to identify factors predictive of renal cortical defects in infants <3 months of age with urinary tract infections (UTIs). Methods: We retrospectively reviewed data on infants <3 months of age with culture-proven UTIs treated at a single center from March 2010 to February 2016. Blood samples were obtained for laboratory evaluation prior to commencement of antibiotic therapy. The therapeutic delay time (TDT) and therapeutic response time (TRT) were recorded. All patients were divided into two groups depending on features of their DMSA scans. We compared the demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of the two groups. Results: A total of 119 infants (94 males and 25 females; mean age, $56.9{\pm}21.3days$) were included. Cortical defects were evident in the DMSA scans of 47 cases (39.5%). In infants with such defects, the peak temperatures ($38.9{\pm}0.57^{\circ}C$ vs. $38.4{\pm}0.81^{\circ}C$, P=0.001), the absolute neutrophil counts ($8,920{\pm}4,460/mm$ vs. $7,290{\pm}4,090/mm$, P=0.043), and the C-reactive protein (CRP) levels ($6.49{\pm}4.33mg/dL$ vs. $3.21{\pm}2.81mg/dL$, P=0.001) were significantly higher than those in infants without cortical defects. The TDT was also longer in those with cortical defects (P=0.037). Conclusion: We found that a TDT ${\geq}8.5hr$ (odds ratio [OR] 5.81), a peak temperature ${\geq}38.3^{\circ}C$ (OR 6.19), and a CRP level ${\geq}4.96mg/dL$ (OR 7.26) predicted abnormal DMSA scan results in infants <3 months of age with UTIs.

학령기 아동의 아동행동문제 예측모형 (Prediction Model of Child Behavioral Problems in the School Age Children)

  • 문영숙;박영옥;박인숙
    • Child Health Nursing Research
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    • 제12권4호
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    • pp.514-522
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    • 2006
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the factors of child behavioral problems and construct a descriptive model that explains child behavioral problems for school age children. Method: The participants in the study were 586 4th, 5th, 6th graders and their mothers. The children attended 8 elementary schools located in Taejon city and their mothers. The tools used in this study was the Mother's Child Raising Behavior Scale by Park, Seong-Yeon and Yi, Sook(1990). To measure child's self esteem, the Self Esteem Scale by Kim(1987) was used; child perceived social support was measured with the Social Support Evaluation Scale by Dubow and Ullman(1989), and childhood behavioral problems were measured with the Korean standardized of version of the Korean-Child Behavior Checklist(K-CBCL)(1997). Descriptive statistics and linear structural relationship(LISREL) modeling were used to analyze the data. SAS and LISREL 8.12a programs were used. Results: The overall fit of the hypothetical model to the data was good $>X^2=103.07(p=0.00)$, GFI=0.96, AGFI=0.94, RMSR=0.04, RMSEA=0.07, NFI=0.94, NNFI=0.95< Maternal child raising behaviors(T=2.21) and child perceived social support(T=10.29) had a significant, direct effect on a child's self esteem. Maternal child raising behaviors(T=-3.87), and child self esteem(T=-2.04) and had a significant total effect on child behavioral problems. These variables accounted for 63% of the variance of the child behavioral problems in the school age children. Conclusion: These finding have provided support for maternal child raising behaviors, child perceived social support, and child self esteem as predictive variables of behavioral problems in school age children.

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서울 강동지역 소재 한방병원 피부과 내원환자의 질환 빈도에 따른 임상적 관찰 (A Clinical Study of According to Prevalence of Dermatoses in a Oriental Medicine Hospital of Gang-Dong Area in Seoul)

  • 손병국;최인화
    • 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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    • 제20권3호
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    • pp.161-168
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    • 2007
  • Objective and Methods : To study the prevalence and patterns of common dermatoses and compare these to previous reports, we reviewed 128 new outpatients who visited Allergy/Derma-cosmetic Clinic at Kyung Hee Neo Medical Center in Gang-Dong area of Seoul from January to June, 2007. Results : The results of this study are summarized as follows : 1. Among the 128 outpatients, the total number of male patients were 40(31.2%) and female patients were 88(68.8%). 2. In the age distribution, the most frequently visited age groups were 10-19 years old and 20-29 years old(each 21.1%). 3. The most common dermatoses were atopic dermatitis(27.3%), acne(14.1%), allergic contact dermatitis(11.7%), other eczemas(7.8%) and seborrheic dermatitis(7.0%). 4. Among atopic dermatitis patients, the most populated age groups were 0-9 years old and 10-19 years old(each 37.1%), these results are different from past studies revealing that 0-9 years old patients are dominant. 5. Among acne patients, the most frequent age groups were 20-29 years old(50%) and 30-39 years old(27.8%), these results are different from past studies revealing that 20-29 years old and 10-19 years old patients are dominant. 6. Among Allergic contact dermatitis patients, each age group showed no difference of population. And Allergic contact dermatitis patients visited outpatients department at early stage. Conclusion : This study shows that Oriental medicine is popular especially in atopic dermatitis, acne and allergic contact dermatitis. We should investigate long-period and multi-centered study in order to know prevalence tendency of dermatoses in Oriental Medicine. And it is nessessary to research using more efficient evaluation method and treatment for these special diseases.

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병용금기, 연령금기 경고 등급화 방안과 DUR 처방변경률 분석 (Tiering 'Drug Combinations to Avoid' and 'Drug-age Precaution' DUR Alerts by Severity Level and its Application)

  • 이수옥;제남경;김동숙;천방옥;황인옥
    • 약학회지
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    • 제59권6호
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    • pp.278-283
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    • 2015
  • The computerized prospective Drug Utilization Review (DUR) program supported by the Korean government has provided alerts to physicians and pharmacists since December 2010. This study aims to propose and apply the tiering system in "drug combinations to avoid (DCA)" and "age-precaution" alerts based on severity to improve the compliance of users. To propose the severity and clinical importance of 647 DCA alerts and 140 age precautions, a Delphi evaluation survey was conducted. An expert panel comprising 5 clinical pharmacists and 5 physicians were participated in mail surveys. Based on the results of Delphi survey, DCA pairs were classified into 3 groups; group 1 (70.6%), 2 (26.9%), and 3 (2.8%). Drug-age precaution ingredients were also classified into three groups; group 1 (53.6%), group 2 (40.7%), and group 3 (5.7%). When this grouping was applied to claim data from 2011 to 2013, the majority of alerts had occurred in the groups of high severity. Presenting DUR alerts with severity level is expected to improve the compliance of clinicians. The implementation of tiering system in DUR criteria should be considered.

Gender and Age Differences in Triple Media Usage Related to Outdoor Apparel Purchases

  • Yoon, Jae-ik;Kim, Hanna
    • 한국의류학회지
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    • 제39권5호
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    • pp.683-694
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    • 2015
  • This study defines the concept of triple media and examines various marketing media that influence a consumer's purchase of outdoor fashion brands. We explore the effects of gender and age on information searches related to outdoor fashion brands and purchase criteria related to outdoor clothing. A survey of consumers who visited stores was conducted. We targeted consumers between the ages of 15 and 50 and analyzed 764 questionnaires. The results show that triple media involve eight factors: five factors (printed ads or radio ads, campaign ads, Internet ads, TV ads, and store ads) in paid media, one factor (direct marketing) in owned media, and two factors (channels of social network services, channels of direct promotion) in earned media. Further, the evaluation/appraisal criteria of outdoor clothing consist of four attributes (practicality, promotional activities, product power, and customer service). The teenager group showed significantly low usage of campaign ads, direct marketing, and direct promotion, while the use of Internet ads is particularly high among teenagers compared to other age groups. Moreover, teenagers are least likely to rely on practicality when evaluating clothing and are most likely to value product power. Additionally, women show significantly high usage of direct marketing. In terms of the clothing appraisal criteria, women assign higher value to practicality and promotional factors than men. The theoretical and managerial implications of the findings are discussed.

농가 주부의 경제적 스트레스 지각수준과 관련 변수 (Economic stress perception of farm households′ wives and related variables in Korea)

  • 노자경
    • 한국농촌생활과학회지
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    • 제7권2호
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    • pp.139-152
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    • 1996
  • The objectives of this study are : (1) to measure the level of economic stress perception in Korean farm households. (2) to identify the effects of related variables such as socio-demographic variables and economic stability. The data from 505 farm households' wives was analyzed using statistical methods such as frequency, correlation, oneway ANOVA, lease significant difference test, and stepwise multiple regression. The major findings are as follows : The mean value of economic stress perception on the 505 wives was 33.5 points out of a possible 100. Among 3 subsectors, income stress perception had highest score. Socio- demographic variables such as family size, type of farm household, financial manager, debt, credit . grant assistant, wife's age, and educational level of the wife had a significant difference on the economic stress perception of wives in the ANOVA analysis. So did the objective and subjective evaluation of economic stability. As a result of multiple regression analysis, economic stability, debt presence, and wife age were verified explaining 23% of the variance of economic stress perception. Therefore, it can be said that farm wives had relatively high economic stress perception in the case of low economic stability, getting into debt and low age.

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조기강도 개선형 시멘트 및 초기수화 촉진 혼화제를 사용한 콘크리트의 조기압축강도 발현특성 평가 (Evaluation of Early Compressive Strength of Concrete Using Early Strength Improvement Type Cement and Early Strength Activator)

  • 박규연;김규용;최경철
    • 한국건축시공학회지
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    • 제14권4호
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    • pp.322-328
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    • 2014
  • 본 연구에서는 콘크리트의 조기강도 확보를 통해 골조공기를 단축하는 것을 목표로 하여 시멘트 종류, 고성능감수제의 감수율, 초기수화 촉진 혼화제의 혼입에 따른 콘크리트의 조기강도 발현성능을 검토하였다. 조기강도 개선형 시멘트와 Sodium persulfate, Potassium hydroxide의 초기수화 촉진물질에 의해 12시간에 5MPa, 18시간에 14MPa의 조기강도를 확보할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이를 통해 건설현장에서 거푸집의 골조공기를 단축시켜 원가절감이 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

자기공명영상을 이용한 수삼의 내부 품질평가 및 연근판정 (Internal Quality Evaluation and Age Identification of Fresh Korean Ginseng using Magnetic Resonance Imaging)

  • 임종국;김철수;이승조;김성민
    • Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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    • 제28권2호
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    • pp.157-166
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    • 2003
  • The purpose of this study is to characterize the internal physical properties of fresh Korean ginsengs (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) through a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique. Current external visual inspection cannot determine internal quality of ginsengs successfully. Relaxation time constants, T$_1$ and T$_2$*, were obtained from a series of MR images. Calculated Ti values were varied with different physiological states of ginseng tissues. Internal imaging information was obtained nondestructively from fresh ginsengs. One- and two-dimensional image analyses were performed. One-dimensional image analysis showed a potential of age identification of ginsengs rapidly. Internal quality of normal and abnormal ginsengs was evaluated using two-dimensional MR images. Various types of internal defects such as internal cavity and rotten spot were visualized clearly. The MRI technique had a feasibility to detect internal defects of fresh ginsengs effectively.