• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.183-191
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• 2010

The crude ethanol extracts and their solvent-partitioned fractions derived from the leaf and twig of Viburnum dilatatum Thunb. were investigated for their 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging efficacy. The results showed that the butanol-soluble fraction ($SC_{50}\;=\;110.30\;{\mu}g/mL$) exhibited higher anti-oxidant activity than the crude ethanol extract ($SC_{50}\;=\;117.03\;{\mu}g/mL$) in the DPPH assay model. Then, the effects of the same extract samples on the production of nitric oxide were examined in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Although the hexane and methylene chloride-soluble fraction showed a weak anti-oxidant activity, they exhibited potent inhibitory activity of NO production above 50 % at a concentration of $10\;{\mu}g/mL$. The hexane-soluble fraction also showed the inhibitory effect on mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory mediators such an TNF-$\alpha$, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, iNOS and COX-2 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7. These results suggest that the solvent extracts of Viburnum dilatatum Thunb. could be used as an anti-irritation ingredient.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.693-700
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• 1992

As an approach to study a new natural antioxidant for edible fats and oils, antioxidative fractions from acorn powder were characterized. The oxidative stabilities of soybean, palm, beef tallow, and lard oil containing the acorn active fraction extracted with various organic solvents were studied by determining the peroxide value during the storage at $60^{\circ}C.$ And this effective antioxidative components were isolated and identified by thin layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography. The proximate compositions of acorn powder were water 11.9~12.0%, protein 7.1~7.4%, starch 65.5~69.4%, fat 2.1~2.6%, fiber 2.1~3.6%, ash 2.4~2.6%, and total tannin 4.6~6.8%, respectively. The final yield of fraction extracted by sequential order of acetone : $H_2O$(1 : 1) and ethylacetate was 2.8~3.1%. Gallic acid, digallic acid and gallotannin were contained this final fraction. The main antioxidative activity was speculated due to the presence of gallic acid in acorn powder extract. The antioxidative activity was more effective in fat water emulsion than just fat system. Antioxidative activities measured by peroxide value were quite high in beef tallow and soybean emulsion, but low in lard and palm oil emulsion in the concentration of 200ppm acorn extract. Therefore, the addition of 200ppm acorn extract was suggested to expect effective antioxidation concentration in the reaction system.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.394-400
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• 2003

This study was earned out to investigate the antimutagenic and cytotoxic effects of Eleutherococcus senticosus Maxim fruits ethanol extract on Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100 and cancer cell lines using Ames test and SRB assay, respectively. They were extracted with ethanol and then fractionated with hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and water to get active fractions. In the Ames test, most of the extracts had strong antimutagenic effects against the mutagenesis induced by MNNG, 4NQO, B(${\alpha}$)P and Trp-P-l. The ethanol extract (200 $\mu\textrm{g}$/plate) of Eleutherococcus senticosus fruits showed 87.2％ inhibitory effect on the mutagenesis induced by MNNG against TA100. And also, The suppression ratio against B(${\alpha}$)P and Trp-P-l in the TA100 showed 96.1％ and 95.5％, respectively. In the cytotoxic effects against human cancer cell lines (A549, AGS, MCF-7, Hep3B), the value of inhibition were mostly above 60％ for each fraction (1 mg/mL). Hexane fraction (1 mg/mL) against showed the strongest cytotoxic effects of 92.7％ compared to those of other fraction and butano fraetion against Hep3B was relatively high growth inhibitory effect of 82％.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.22 no.12
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• pp.1665-1672
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• 2012

An 80% ethanol extract of Hizikia fusiforme was obtained and followed by successive fractionation using the organic solvents n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol to identify the antioxidative substance. The aqueous part of the nbutanol fractionation step, showing high antioxidative activity, was subjected to reverse-phase liquid chromatography. As a result, a substance purified from a BB-2 fraction showed high antioxidative activity. The m/z 419 [M+H] molecular ion peak in the fraction was observed by the analysis of the ESI-LC/MS spectrum. By the analysis of 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-$d_6$) and $^{13}C$ NMR (125 MHz, DMSO-$d_6$) spectra, a unique compound of the fraction was biochemically identified as a 5-hydroxy-3,6,7,8,3',4'-hexamethoxyflavone (5HHMF). We also investigated the effect of 5HHMF on human gastric AGS carcinoma cells. Western blot analysis suggested that the flavone substantially increased the levels of the death receptor-associated apoptosis mediators Fas, Fas L, FADD, TRADD, and DR4 in a concentration-dependent manner. The levels of Fas, Fas L, TRADD, and DR4 in the cells treated with 5HHMF ($5{\mu}g/ml$) were approximately 26.4-, 12.8-, 6.7-, and 9.8-times higher than those of non-treated cells, respectively. Of note, the level of FADD protein in the cells exposed to 5HHMF ($1{\mu}g/ml$) increased approximately 9.6-times. In addition, the cleavage of caspase-3, -8, and -9 in cultured AGS cells treated with 5HHMF was significantly confirmed. Therefore, our results suggest that 5HHMF from H. fusiforme is involved in the induction of death receptor-associated apoptosis mediators in human gastric AGS carcinoma cells.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.68-73
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• 2011

To identify and quantify the major antioxidants present in Chrysanthemum zawadskii var. latilobum (C. zawadskii, hereafter), the flowers of C. zawadskii were cut into pieces, extracted with methanol (MeOH), and fractionated by using n-hexane, chloroform ($CHCl_3$), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), n-butanol (n-BuOH), and water. The highest concentration of polyphenol and flavonoid was observed in the EtOAc fraction. Based on ABTS and DPPH methods, highest antioxidative activities of C. zawadskii were found in the EtOAc fraction, in their 81.56% and 68.12% levels, respectively. By using HPLC, we identified two flavonoids: quercetin and luteolin, in the EtOAc fraction, and their contents were 20.02 and 1.65 $mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$, respectively. Our results clearly suggest the presence of these antioxidants in the flower of C. zawadskii, thus it may be consumed as tea with health beneficial effects.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.220-228
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• 2001

Comparison of the antioxidant potential and enzyme activities of the extracts of Rhus showed considerable differences. The antioxidative activities of Rhus javanica were the highest of three species tried (7 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$). The highest activities showed in fraction No.3 of 12 fractions by Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and the antioxidative activity showed, in purified extract of each stem,1.5 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ (in Rhus verniciflua), 1.9 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ (in Rhus javanica) and 2.3 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ (in Rhus tricocarpa) respectively. These were identificated as phenolic compounds which are well known antioxidant compounds such as 2-propenoic acid (Caffeic acid), Benzoic acid (Gallic acid), 7-hydroxy- 6methoxy-2H-1-Benzopyran-2-one (Scopoletin). POD activities of stem were higher than leaf. Especially, POD activity in stem of Rhus javanica was 193 times higher than leaf. Rhus tricocarpa, however, showed very low POD activity. SOD activities of stem were higher than that of leaf in Rhus javanica and Rhus verniciflua but in Rhus tricocarpa, the activity of leaf was 25 times higher than that of stem.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.540-549
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• 2021

The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is involved in breast cancer and Myxococcus fulvus KYC4048 is a myxobacterial strain that can produce a variety of bioactive secondary metabolites. Although a previous study revealed that KYC4048 metabolites exhibit anti-proliferative effects on breast cancer, the biochemical mechanism involved in their effects remains unclear. In the present study, KYC4048 metabolites were separated into polar and non-polar (ethyl acetate and n-hexane) fractions via liquid-liquid extraction. The effects of these polar and non-polar KYC4048 metabolites on the viability of breast cancer cells were then determined by MTT assay. Expression levels of Wnt/β-catenin pathway proteins were determined by Western blot analysis. Cell cycle and apoptosis were measured via fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). The results revealed that non-polar KYC4048 metabolites induced cell death of breast cancer cells and decreased expression levels of WNT2B, β-catenin, and Wnt target genes (c-Myc and cyclin D1). Moreover, the n-hexane fraction of non-polar KYC4048 metabolites was found most effective in inducing apoptosis, necrosis, and cell cycle arrest, leading us to conclude that it can induce apoptosis of breast cancer cells through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. These findings provide evidence that the n-hexane fraction of non-polar KYC4048 metabolites can be developed as a potential therapeutic agent for breast cancer via inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.195-200
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the melanogenesis inhibiting activity of the ethanol extract from Polygonum amphibium L. Firstly, the n-hexane (Hx), chloroform ($CHCl_3$), ethyl acetate (EA), n-butanol (BuOH), and water (Water) fractions were isolated from the P. amphibium L. ethanol extract. The efficacy of melanogenesis was found to significantly decrease via the EA and BuOH fractions when compared to the control in B16F10 cells. EA particularly showed the lowest melanin content in B16F10 cells when compared to all the other extracts. Concentration-dependent inhibition of melanin synthesis was also observed in the EA fraction at concentrations below $50{\mu}g/ml$, which did not exhibit cytotoxicity in B16F10 cells. Notably, the expression of three key proteins (tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1), and TRP-2), which are involved in melanogenesis, were significantly decreased via the EA fraction. EA also inhibited body pigmentation in vivo in a zebrafish model. Overall, we demonstrated melanogenesis suppression using the EA fraction from P. amphibium L., which could be a potential candidate for an antimelanogenesis agent.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.311-316
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• 2019

Japanese anise (Illicium anisatum L.) leaves and twigs were extracted with 50 % aqueous acetone three times. After filtration, the extracts were fractionated with n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and $H_2O$, and then freeze dried after condensation. Then antioxidation and antiviral activity were evaluated on each fractions. In the antioxidative activities, the results indicated high activity in the EtOAc soluble fraction of the leaves and the EtOAc and $H_2O$ soluble fractions of the twigs. It showed much higher antioxidative value compare to the controls, BHT and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol. In the antiviral activities, the all fractions were negative effects in HRV 1B and EV 71, but good in Influenza PR8. The activities of the crude extracts of the leaves and twigs showed more than 80% activity at the concentration of $10{\mu}g/mL$ and $50{\mu}g/mL$, respectively, and the activities of the EtOAc and $H_2O$ soluble fractions were close to 80%. Based on the above results, the extracts of Japanese anise may be applied for one of the natural biomass sources that can be used as an antioxidant and an antiviral substance.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.65 no.1
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• pp.15-24
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• 2021

In this study, the extract of Cinnamomum yabunikkei leaves were investigated for the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities and their active constituents were identified. In the anti-inflammatory tests using LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO) without causing cell toxicity. In addition, the EtOAc fraction reduced expression of iNOS protein and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β). Upon the anti-oxidative studies by DPPH and ABTS+ radicals, potent radical scavenging activities were observed in the EtOAc fraction. Five phytochemicals were isolated from the extract of C. yabunikkei leaves; (4S,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-isopropyl-2-methylcyclohex-2-enone (1), methoxy-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)ethanediol (2), afzelin (3), nicotiflorine (4) and narcissin (5). As far as we know, compounds 1-5 were isolated for the first time from this plant. In the anti-inflammatory tests for the isolates, compound 1, 3, 4 and 5 were determined to decrease NO production without causing cell toxicity. Furthermore, compound 1 reduced expression of iNOS protein and exhibited potent inhibitory activities of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6). Based on these results, it was suggested that the extract and isolated compounds from C. yabunikkei leaves could be potentially applicable as natural source for pharmaceutical and/or cosmetic ingredients.