• Fibers and Polymers
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.92-96
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• 2000

A high molecular weight polyhydroxyamide (PHA) solution in N, N-dimethyl acetamide (DMAc) was prepared from 3, 3'-dihydroxybenzidine and isophthalic chloride (IPC), which was used for spinning PHA fiber. Before spinning, the diffusion property of DMAc into various coagulants was examined. The fiber was well formed in coagulants such as water/ethanol with a composition of 5/5, ethanol, and ethanol/isopropanol with a composition of 7/3 and 5/5. However, the PHA fiber spun in the water/ethanol mixture contained voids. After the fiber spun in ethanol was annealed at over $350^{\circ}C$, the ultimate stress and initial modulus of the fiber increased from 75.5 MPa and 3.22 GPa to 369 MPa and 29.5 GPa, respectively. These properties of the PHA fiber spun by the dry spinning method were also enhanced, attaining 154 MPa and 5.56 Gpa, respectivel.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.611-616
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• 2013

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality around the world. Although much progress has been made in understanding the pathogenesis of ALD, there remains no effective therapy for it. Accumulated evidence indicates that oxidative stress is the main pathological factors in the development of ALD. Ethanol administration causes accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide, hydroxyl radical, and hydrogen peroxide. ROS, in turn, cause lipid peroxidation of cellular membranes, and protein and DNA oxidation, which results in hepatocyte injury. In addition to pro-oxidants formation, antioxidants depletion caused by ethanol administration also results in oxidative stress. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of Shiryung-tang extract on the chronic alcoholic liver injury induced by EtOH. Male Sprague Dawley rats were used in this study. All rats were maintained under standard laboratory conditions ($23{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, 12h light/12h dark cycles). All animals (n=30) were randomly divided into following groups: (1) Normal group, treated with distilled water (n=10); (2) Control group, treated with ethanol (n=10); (3) Sample group, treated with ethanol + pharmacopuncture (n=10). For oral administration of ethanol in Control and Sample group, the ethanol was dissolved in distilled water in concentrations of 25%(v/v). Throughout the experiment of 8 week, the rats were allowed free access to water and standard chow. Sample group were administrated by Shiryung-tang extract daily for 8 weeks. Control group were given normal saline for same weeks. As a results, the oral administration of ethanol for 8 weeks leads to hepatotoxicity. The levels of hepatic marker such as HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were altered. The ethanol also increased lipid peroxidation and depletion of antioxidant enzyme activities as well as hepatic tissue injury. However, the treatment of Shiryung-tang extract prevented all the alterations induced by ethanol and returned their levels to near normal. These data suggest that Shiryung-tang extract could have a beneficial effect in inhibiting the oxidative damage induced by chronic ethanol administration. Therefore, Shiryung-tang extract can be a candidate to protect against EtOH-induced liver injury.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.800-808
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• 2015

In this study, gastritis inhibitory substance was ethanol-extracted from Saururus chinensis in order to examine the effect as a part of natural bioactive substance research. In an oral administration experiment, S. chinensis was administered at doses of 0.25 g/kg B.W. to 2 g/kg B.W., resulting in stabilization at 1.5 g/kg B.W. and an $LD_{50}$ of 1.81 g/kg B.W. In a chronic toxicity experiment, 0.5 g/kg B.W. of S. chinensis was administered for 13 weeks, but toxicity was not observed. S. chinensis ethanol-extracts were administered at a concentration of 250 or 500 mg/kg B.W. before induction of gastritis. Gastrorrhagia, stomach edema, cytokine production, and cell damage were reduced in a concentration-dependent manner. Therefore, S. chinensis ethanol extracts inhibit cell damage by stress-induced hemorrhagic gastritis in a concentration-dependent manner via inhibition of cytokine expression.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.161-167
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• 2014

Ganoderma lucidum L. (GL) is a traditional oriental medicine that has been widely used as anti-inflammatory, antitumor and anti-oxidant in Korea and other Asian countries. In this study, we investigated the ethanol extract of GL has neuroprotective effects in murine hippocampal HT22 cells. GL ethanol extract has the potent neuroprotective effects on glutamate-intoxicated cells by inducing the expression of heme oxygenase (HO)-1 in HT22 cells. GL ethanol extract increased JNK phosphorylation. Obviously, When we treated the GL extract with c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor (SP600125), HO-1 expression was reduced. Moreover, we found that GL treatment caused the nuclear accumulation of Nrf2. In conclusion, the ethanol extract of GL significantly protects glutamate-induced oxidative damage by induction of HO-1 via Nrf2, JNK pathway in mouse hippocampal HT22. These results suggest that GL ethanol extract would be a good source for taking active compounds and may be a potential pharmaceutical products for brain disorder induced by neuronal damage and oxidative stress.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.64 no.1
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• pp.69-74
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• 2021

Chronic alcohol is responsible for oxidative stress and neurodegenerative diseases such as dementia. In the present study, we investigated the antioxidant activity and protective effects of seed of Carthamus tinctorius L. on ethanol-induced C6 glial cells. Antioxidant effect of seed of C. tinctorius L. was measured by scavenging activity of 1,1-diphenyl-2-prcrylhydrazy (DPPH), hydroxyl radical (·OH), superoxide radical, and nitric oxide. The seed of C. tinctorius L. extract showed significant radical scavenging activities in a concentration-dependent manner. In particular, it revealed strong DPPH and ·OH scavenging activity, displaying more than 80% at 500 and 100 ㎍/mL, respectively. Treatment of 500 mM ethanol to C6 glial cell led to decline of cell viability and elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. However, seed of C. tinctorius L.-treated groups significantly increased cell viability and decreased ROS levels, compared to ethanol-induced control group. These results suggest that seed of C. tinctorius L. would have protective effect against neuronal oxidative stress induced by alcohol.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.341-346
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• 2008

The effects of the ethanol extracts from Gynostemma pentaphyllum (GP extracts) on body weights, grip strengths, endurances and catecholamine levels after electric footshock (EF) stress in mice and rats were investigated. The animals were treated with GP extracts (50 mg/kg/day, p.o.) for 21 days before exposure to EF (duration and interval 10 sec for 3 min, 2 mA) once a day. The increases in body weights were delayed by 13.1% of the control levels by EF-induced stress in mice, which were recovered to 24.1% of the control levels in GP extract-treated groups. The grip strengths were significantly decreased by EF stress in mice and the EF-stressed groups treated with GP extracts increased grip strengths to 115.2% compared to control levels. The endurance times by forced swimming, which reduced significantly by EF stress, were also maintained similar to control levels by GP extracts in rats. In addition, the levels of norepinephrine and epinephrine in serum and brain, and dopamine in brain were significantly increased to 17.5-95.0% of the control levels after exposure of EF stress in mice. However, EF stressinduced increases in norepinephrine and epinephrine in serum were reduced to 17.1-17.3% of the control levels by treatments of GP extracts, and those in dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine in brain were also reduced to 5.0-19.5%. These results suggest that GP extracts showed the protective effects on EF stress-induced physiological functions and can be developed as the promising anti-stress agents.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.32-37
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• 2011

The effects of herbal ethanol extract from Gynostemma pentaphyllum (GP extract) on chronic stress-induced anxiety in mice were investigated. The animals were treated with GP extracts (50 and 100 mg/kg/day, p.o.) for 21 days before exposure to electric footshock (EF; duration and interval 10 sec for 3 min, 2 mA) for chronic stress once a day. The ambulatory locomotor activity was reduced by chronic EF stress and it was recovered by 12.9-15.1% in GP extract-treated groups. The grip strength was also significantly decreased by chronic EF stress, however, the EF-stressed groups treated with GP extract increased grip strength from 13.9% to 56.8% compared to EF-stressed groups. In addition, the serum levels of corticosterone were significantly elevated by chronic EF stress to 197% of the control levels, which was reduced to 73.1% by treatment with GP extract (100 mg/kg). In contrast, the brain levels of dopamine and serotonin were reduced to 67.6% and 63.1% by chronic EF stress, which was recovered to 90% of the control levels by treatment with GP extract. These results indicate that GP extract shows the ameliorating effects on chronic EF stress-induced anxiety in mice and it can be developed as the promising anti-anxiety agent.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.329-340
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• 2018

Objectives : In Traditional Korean medicine, Daucus carota L. has been used for treating dyspepsia, diarrhea, dysentery and cough. Recent pharmacognosic evidence showed D. carota has anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-fungal, and hypotensive effects. Present study investigated hepato-protective effect of D. carota ethanol extract (DCE) against oxidative stress in HepG2 cells. Methods : After HepG2 cells were pretreated with different concentrations of DCE, the cells were exposed to tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBHP) for inducing oxidative stress. Cell viability, hydrogen peroxide production, glutathione concentration, and mitochondrial membrane potentials were measured to explore hepato-protective effect of DCE. Phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and effect of compound C on cell viability were determined to investigate the role of AMPK on DCE-mediated cytoprotection. Results : DCE significantly decreased the tBHP-mediated cytotoxicity in a concentration dependent manner and reduced the changes on apoptosis-related proteins by tBHP in HepG2 cells. In addition, DCE significantly prevented hydrogen peroxide production, glutathione depletion, and mitochondrial membrane impairment induced by tBHP. Treatment with DCE increased phosphorylation of AMPK, and the DCE-mediated cytoprotection was abolished by pretreatment with compound C. Conclusions : These results demonstrate that DCE can protect hepatocytes from oxidative stress through activation of AMPK.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.344-362
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• 2022

Objective: In this study, the antioxidant activity of Ojayeonjong-hwan extracts was compared, and the following results were obtained. Methods: For hydrothermal and ethanol extracts, DPPH free radical and ABTS cationic radical erasing activity and reducing power using the FRAP method were compared, and the association between the antioxidant power of each extract and total phenol content was investigated. Significant results were obtained through in vitro apoptosis analysis through FFITC staining, mitochondrial membrane potential analysis, and ROS level measurement using C2C12 myoblastoma. Results: 1. In a comparison of DPPH free radical and ABTS cationic radical scavenging activity, water, and 70% ethanol extracts of Ojayeonjong-hwan (WEO and EEO) showed superior radical scavenging ability. 2. In the results of reducing power using the FRAP method, WEO and EEO showed antioxidant activity, which was shown to be dependent on the total phenol content contained in the extracts. 3. In comparison to the protective effect against H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress in C2C12 myoblasts, water extracts had no significant effect, but 70% ethanol extracts inhibited H₂O₂-mediated cytotoxicity in a concentration-dependent manner. 4. The cytotoxic protective effect of EEO against oxidative stress in C2C12 myoblasts was correlated with its inhibitory effects on H₂O₂-induced apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest. 5. In H₂O₂-treated C2C12 myoblasts, the apoptosis inhibitory effects of EEO were associated with the suppression of mitochondrial dysfunction and DNA damage. 6. The protective effects of EEO against H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress in C2C12 myoblasts were directly related to the inhibition of ROS generation. Conclusions: Ojayeonjong-hwan extracts all have protective potential against oxidative stress.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.516-525
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• 2012

LAB were isolated from makgeolli locally produced around Jinju, Gyeongnam, S. Korea during spring of 2011. Randomly selected 11 isolates from MRS agar plates were identified first by API CHL 50 kits and then 16S rRNA gene sequencing. All 11 isolates were identified as Lactobacillus plantarum. Among them, ST4 grew in MRS broth with ethanol up to 10%, showing the highest alcohol resistance. L. plantarum ST4 was moderately resistant against acid and bile salts. When cellular proteins of L. plantarum ST4 under ethanol stress were analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE), the intensities of 6 spots increased, whereas 22 spots decreased at least 2-fold. Those 28 spots were identified by peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF). FusA2 (elongation factor G) increased 18.8-fold (6% ethanol) compared with control. Other proteins were AtpD (ATP synthase subunit beta), DnaK, GroEL, Tuf (elongation factor Tu), and Npr2 (NADH peroxidase), respectively. Among the 22 proteins decreased in intensities, lactate dehydrogenases (LdhD and LdhL1) were included.