• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제26권7호
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• pp.1242-1251
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• 2016

The ethanol production of Trichoderma reesei was improved by genome shuffling in our previous work. Using RNA-Seq, the transcriptomes of T. reesei wild-type CICC40360 and recombinant strain HJ48 were compared under fermentation conditions. Based on this analysis, we defined a set of T. reesei genes involved in ethanol production. Further expression analysis identified a series of glycolysis enzymes, which are upregulated in the recombinant strain HJ48 under fermentation conditions. The differentially expressed genes were further validated by qPCR. The present study will be helpful for future studies on ethanol fermentation as well as the roles of the involved genes. This research reveals several major differences in metabolic pathways between recombinant strain HJ48 and wild-type CICC40360, which relates to the higher ethanol production on the former, and their further research could promote the development of techniques for increasing ethanol production.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.102-111
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• 2024

Objective: Given the noteworthy implications of alcohol consumption and its association with male infertility, there has been a notable focus on investigating natural alternatives to mitigate its adverse effects. Thus, this study was conducted to assess the potential protective effect of phycocyanin extract derived from the blue algae Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis against ethanol-induced oxidative stress, disturbances in testicular morphology, and alterations in sperm production. Methods: Male rats were divided into four groups (five rats each): the control group received a saline solution, the ethanol exposed group (EtOH) was subjected to intraperitoneal injections of 10 mL/kg of ethanol solution at a concentration of 38% (v/v), the phycocyanin alone treated group (P) received oral administration of phycocyanin at a dosage of 50 mg/kg, and the phycocyanin-cotreated group (PE) was given oral phycocyanin followed by ethanol injections. All treatments were administered over a period of 14 days. Results: Our findings demonstrated that ethanol exposure induced reproductive toxicity, characterized by reduced sperm production and viability, alterations in testicular weight and morphology, increased lipid peroxidation levels, and elevated oxidative enzyme activity. In addition, the ethanol-intoxicated group showed perturbations in serum biochemical parameters. However, the simultaneous exposure to ethanol and phycocyanin exhibited a counteractive effect against ethanol toxicity. Conclusion: The results showed that supplementation of phycocyanin prevented oxidative and testicular morphological damage-induced by ethanol and maintained normal sperm production, and viability.

• 신재생에너지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.3-9
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• 2011

Optimization of initial total sugar concentration of sweet sorghum juice, aeration time and aeration rate on ethanol production was performed by response surface methodology (RSM). The optimum conditions for ethanol production from concentrated sweet sorghum juice were determined as follows: initial total sugar concentration, 21.2 Brix; aeration time, 7.66h; aeration rate, 1.22 vvm. At the optimum conditions, the maximum ethanol yield was predicted to be 91.65% by model prediction. Similarly, 92.98% of ethanol yield was obtained by verification experiment using optimum conditions after 48 h of fermentation. This result was in agreement with the model prediction.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.85-90
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• 1992

Saccharomyces속 효모를 사용하여 미강을 배지로 하여 에탄올을 발효특성을 조사하였다. 액화효소와 당화효소를 전처리한 미강에서 여러 Saccharomyces속 효모들을 배양한 결과 Saccharomyces cerevisiae IFO 2346이 높은 에탄올 생성 및 유리아미노산 함량을 나타내었다. 균체성장은 발효 24시간에 $3\times 10^8$cell/ml로 증가하였으며, 발효 72시간후 4.7의 에탄올을 생성하였다. 유리아미노산 총량은 발효과정중 1,099mg/l에서 829mg/l로 감소하였으나, glutamic acid, histidine 및 isoleucine은 오히려 각각 218%, 31%5 및 1%48로 증가하였다.

• 신재생에너지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.5-14
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• 2013

The efficiency of microwave-assisted acid hydrolysis of seaweeds for the production of ethanol was investigated and its effect on hydrolysis into reducing sugar and fermentation into ethanol evaluated as compared with those by conventional heating. A brown seaweed, Laminaria japonica (10-100g/L) was hydrolysed under dilute acidic condition (0.5N $H_2SO_4$, $100^{\circ}C$) with two sorts of heating: microwave irradiation for ${\leq}10min$ and conventional heating for 10-60min. Microwave-assisted hydrolysis was shown to be more efficient. A similar range of reducing sugar and ethanol yields as with the conventional autoclave heating procedure(${\geq}30min$) was observed, but it was obvious that production of ethanol from microwave-assisted hydrolysis had a 3 times faster reaction rate leading to very short production times, lower energy consumption/loss than from the conventional heating mode, and higher biomass loading without significant reducing ethanol yield, thus microwave-assisted acid hydrolysis is a potential alternative method for more effective hydrolysis of Laminaria japonica.

• 공업화학
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.619-623
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• 2014

산 가수분해공정과 효소당화공정을 이용하여 사과, 귤, 수박껍질로부터 셀룰로오스 에탄올을 생산하고, 그 최적조건을 결정함으로써 과일껍질을 원료로 한 바이오에너지 생산가능성을 평가하고자 하였다. 산 가수분해공정을 이용하여 과일껍질로부터 셀룰로오스 에탄올을 생산하기 위한 최적조건은 사과껍질의 경우 황산농도 20 wt%에서 90 min, 귤껍질과 수박껍질의 경우에는 각각 산 가수분해시간 60 min에서 황산의 농도가 15, 10 wt%인 것으로 나타났다. 효소당화공정을 이용하여 과일껍질로부터 셀룰로오스 에탄올을 생산할 경우 효소로는 Viscozyme이 가장 우수한 전환특성을 나타내었으며, 최적 효소당화시간은 사과껍질(180 min), 귤껍질(60 min), 수박껍질(120 min)인 것을 알 수 있었다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.323-327
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• 2006

이 논문에서는 전 과정 평가 기법을 이용하여 촉매반응에 의한 에탄올 생산공정의 환경적 가치를 평가하고 발효에 의한 에탄올 생산공정과 그 환경성을 비교하였다. 평가의 목적은 두 공정의 환경성 비교를 통하여 보다 환경 친화적인 공정 개발을 위한 방안을 마련하는데 있었다. 두 공정에서 생산되는 에탄올의 소비 및 폐기 과정은 모두 동일하다고 가정하고 원료물질의 획득으로부터 제품의 생산 과정에 대한 전 과정 평가를 실시하였다. 촉매공정에 대한 전 과정 목록분석을 통해 중간 원료인 메탄올의 생산 과정에서 발생하는 이산화탄소가 주요 환경오염인자라는 것을 확인하였다. 두 공정에 대한 영향평가의 결과 비교를 통하여 발효에 의한 에탄올 생산이 촉매반응에 의한 것보다 환경 친화적이라는 것을 확인하였다. 전 과정 평가의 결과를 바탕으로 공정의 환경성 개선을 위한 방안을 제시하였다.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.69-80
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• 2010

Objective : The purpose of this study was to compare anti-Inflammation and anti-oxidation of Jeondo-San(JDS) extracted with two kinds of solvents, ethanol and water. Methods : Two kinds of JDS extractions were prepared 20, 50, $100\;{\mu}g/mg$. The Cytotoxicity was measured by MTT assay in Raw 264.7 cell. The anti-inflammation effects were measured by inhibitory efficacy on $PGE_2$, NO, TNF-$\alpha$, COX-2 and iNOS in Raw 264.7 cell. The anti-oxidation effects were measured by ROS inhibitory efficacy, intracellular GSH synthesis and DPPH Radical scavenging in HaCaT cell. Results : 1. All of JDS extraction groups had no cytotoxicity in Raw 264.7 cell. 2. All of JDS extraction groups showed significantly inhibitory effect on production of $PGE_2$. Inhibitory efficacy increased in accodance with concentration. 3. All of JDS extraction groups showed significantly inhibitory effect on production of NO. Inhibitory efficacy increased in accodance with concentration. 4. All of JDS extraction groups did not show significantly inhibitory effect on production of TNF-$\alpha$. 5. $100\;{\mu}g/ml$ JDS extracted with ethanol and $50\;{\mu}g/ml$, $100\;{\mu}g/ml$ JDS extracted with water showed inhibitory effect on iNOS expression. 6. All of JDS extraction groups showed significantly inhibitory effect on production of ROS. Inhibitory efficacy increased in accodance with concentration. Ethanol extractions were better than water extractions. 7. $100\;{\mu}g/ml$ JDS extracted with ethanol only produced GSH of $32{\pm}5.2%$. 8. All of JDS extraction groups showed significantly scavenging effect of DPPH radicals. Inhibitory efficacy increased in accodance with concentration. Ethanol extractions were better than water extractions. Conclusion : Two kinds of JDS extractions have not cytotoxicity and inhibit production of NO. JDS extracted with water was effective in anti-inflammation, JDS extracted with ethanol was effective in anti-oxidation.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.561-567
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• 2010

본 연구는 diethyl oxalate 처리로부터 얻어진 가문비나무 가수분해산물을 이용하여 에탄올 생산에 적합한 조건을 탐색하였다. 가문비나무 가수분해산물의 단당류 분석 결과 아라비노오스를 제외한 발효가능한 당 농도 는 29.04 g/${\ell}$이었으며 가수분해산물에 포함된 올리고머로부터 분해된 단당은 대부분 만노오스(39.26 g/${\ell}$)와 갈락토오스(12.83 g/${\ell}$)가 차지하였다. 발효저해물질인 5-HMF, furfural의 농도는 각각 0.09 g/${\ell}$, 0.04 g/${\ell}$, acetic acid는 1.4 g/${\ell}$, total phenolic compounds는 2.83 g/${\ell}$로 나타났다. 가수분해산물을 이용한 에탄올 생산 최적 pH는 6.0으로 발효 48시간 후 11.7 g/${\ell}$의 에탄올을 생산하였다. 시간당 에탄올 생산량은 pH 5.0와 5.5에서 0.15 (g/(${\ell}^*h$))로 나타났으며 pH 6.0에서는 0.24 (g/(${\ell}^*h$))로 나타났다. 시간당 생성된 에탄올 생산량은 에탄올 발효 초기 pH에 따라 차이를 나타냈다. 가수분해산물에 xylanase 20 IU를 첨가하여 올리고머를 분해한 후 발효를 실시한 결과 48시간 후 14.3 g/${\ell}$의 에탄올을 생산하였다. 이것은 xylanase를 첨가하지 않았을 때 보다 에탄올 생산량이 22.2% 증가되었음을 나타내고 있다.

• 공업화학
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.562-565
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 합성가스를 기질로 Clostridium ljungdahlii를 생물촉매로 바이오에탄올을 생산하는 공정을 개발하고, pH가 미생물 성장 및 에탄올 생산에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 다양한 초기 pH 조건(pH 5~8)에서 pH제어 없이 발효실험을 수행한 결과, 부산물인 acetic acid의 축적에 따라 모든 조건에서 24 h 이내에 pH 4.5 이하로 감소되고 미생물의 성장과 에탄올 생산이 중단되는 것을 확인하였다. 사용된 pH 조건 중에서 가장 높은 초기 pH 8의 경우가 가장 높은 미생물 성장과 에탄올 생산량(0.53 g/L)을 보였으며, 이는 상대적으로 pH의 감소가 늦게 일어나기 때문으로 생각된다. pH를 제어할 수 있는 생물반응기를 사용하여 pH 7로 유지시키며 생물공정을 운전한 결과, 최대 미생물 농도 1.65 g/L과 최대 에탄올 농도 1.43 g/L를 24 h 이내에 얻을 수 있었으며, 이는 pH를 중성영역에서 유지할 경우 C. ljungdahlii의 성장을 최대화할 수 있고, growth-associated production의 특성을 보이는 에탄올의 생산량을 최대화할 수 있는 것을 확인시켜준다.