• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제32권4호
• /
• pp.513-525
• /
• 1999

Objectives : High-normal blood pressure' is a factor influencing decision to initiate targeted intensive intervention strategy in westernized populations. JNC-VI offered the vigorous lifestyle modification for persons with 'high-normal blood pressure', who could be early detected. As a hypertension seems to be the result of multiple genetic factors operating in concert with associated environmental factors, it will be necessary to identify the high-normal blood pressure as a risk factor of hypertension for applying primary prevention strategy in Korean people. Methods : Although cohort study design might be adequate to recruit incidence cases, to keep time sequence of events, and to prevent information bias, nested case-control study was chosen for avoiding measurement errors because hypertension is a benign disease. Source population was the 'Seoul Cohort' participants and follow-up was done by using Korea Medical Insurance Corporation's database on the utilization of health services from 1 Jan93 to 30Jun97. Incidence cases were ascertained through the chart review, telephone contacts, and direct blood pressure measurements. Controls included the pairing of 4 individuals to each case on the basis of age. Results : As 75% of 247 incident cases had high-normal blood pressure, the crude odds ratio for hypertension was 2.04 (95% CI 1.47-2.83). Another statistically significant risk factors of hypertension were body mass index, dietary fiber, alcohol consumption, weekly activity and history of quitting smoking. The multivariate odds ratio of high-normal blood pressure adjusted for all risk factors was 1.84 (95% CI 1.31-2.56). Among high-normal blood pressure group, body mass index, weekly ethanol amounts, weekly physical activity, and dietary fiber except history of quitting smoking were still risk factors of hypertension. Conclusion : 'High-normal blood pressure' is a risk factor for hypertension in Korean middle-aged men, which represents that the vigorous lifestyle modification for persons with 'high-normal blood pressure' is need.

• 농촌계획
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.91-100
• /
• 2018

This study aims to identify more reasonable and efficient development plans to engage local university students in landscape improvement projects in rural areas. To survey university students, residents, administrators and experts involved in such projects on important considerations in this regard, SWOT analysis was employed to identify important factors, followed by analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to evaluate their relative importance, identify problems and suggest implications for improvement. The results are summarized as follows: the relative importance of the SWOT group was in the order of opportunity, strength, threat, and weakness. For each SWOT factor, the relative importance of strengths was in the order of students' aspiration and passion, availability of creative ideas and designs, and improved attachment to their community. The relative importance of weaknesses was in the order of the lack of spontaneous participation of residents, short preparation periods and insufficient budgets, and the lack of experience in similar projects. The relative importance of opportunities was in the order of young students' activity itself being a boost factor to the community, students' endeavors arising a consensus among residents, and students feeling a sense of duty as representatives of their school. The relative importance of threats was in the order of projects being one-shot, temporary events, immaturity, and differences in preferences between older and younger generations. To draw an overall ranking of the sub-factors evaluated, the overall relative importance of the decision-making factors was evaluated. Among the sub-factors for each SWOT group, young students' activity itself being a boost factor to the community as an opportunity factor was shown to be the most important, while the lack of experience in similar projects was shown to be the least important as administrators and experts made appropriate interventions in each stage.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
• /
• 제40권4호
• /
• pp.605-611
• /
• 2017

검출기의 구조를 PENELOPE의 코드를 사용하여 전산모사 하였다. 표준혼합시료(450, 1,000 ml)를 사용하여 다양한 밀도와 높이에 따른 저에너지(59.54 keV)부터 고 에너지(1,836.05)에 대한 측정효율과 PENELOPE 전산모사에서 구한 효율을 비교하였으며, 또한 자체흡수에 대한 효율을 보정하여 다양한 환경시료에 적용하여 검출하한치를 알아보고자 한다. 표준혼합선원의 전체에너지 피크효율 값을 적용하여 높이에 따른 효율변화를 측정치와 PENELOPE의 전산모사 값과 비교하였다. 여기서 구한 값들을 자체흡수 보정하여 구한 효율을 실제 환경시료에 적용하여 검출하한치 값들을 구하였다. 밀도보정인자는 밀도가 $0.4g/cm^3$에서 241Am(59.54 keV)의 밀도보정인자는 1.15, PENELOPE 전산모사에서는 1.153, 137CS(661.66 keV) 에서는 $1.06g/cm^3$, PENELOPE 전산모사에서는 1.064, 88Y(1,836.04 keV)에 대한 밀도보정인자는 1.03, PENELOPE 전산모사에서는 1.033으로 불확도는 1% 이내에서 잘 일치함을 확인하였다. 환경 시료의 밀도에 따른 방사능 농도는 시료량이 많을수록, 측정시간이 증가할수록 MDA(Minimum Detectable Activity) 값이 감소함을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 공업화학
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.161-164
• /
• 2013

본 연구에서는, 폐건전지로부터 회수된 특정 성분들을 이용하여 오존분해 촉매로서의 적용성을 평가하였다. 폐건전지에서 축출된 성분 중, Mn의 함량이 오존분해 반응에 주요 인자임을 보였다. 또한, Zn 함량에 따라 deactivation rate와 높은 상관성을 나타냈으며, K 함량은 오존분해 반응과 상관성이 없음을 나타냈다. 그리고 $TiO_2$를 첨가하여 제조한 촉매는 Mn 함량의 감소로 인한 효율 저하를 나타냈으며, Mn 구조상의 특징은 오존분해 반응과 상관성이 없음을 나타냈다.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• 제13권4호
• /
• pp.423-433
• /
• 1997

The acute and subacute toxicity of water soluble dimethyl dimethoxy biphenylate derivative (new DDB), hepatitis therapeutics, were investigated in SD rats. In the acute toxicity study, body weights and clinical signs were observed for 7 days after the intravenous injection of new DDB at doses of 140, 182, 236, 307 and 400 mg/kg(r=1.3). Death. Severe convulsion, tremor and decrease motor activity were observed in almost treated groups (except the 140 mg/kg treated group). Changes of body weight in treated groups were not significantly different from control group. Autopsy of survived animals revealed no abnormal gross findings related to new DDB. As a results, the $LD_{50}$ values of new DDB were 244.1 mg/kg for male and 232.5 mg/kg for female. In subacute toxicity study, body weights and clinical signs were observed after intravenous injection of new DDB at doses of 57, 75 and 100 mg/kg/day for 28 days. Death, decrease motor activity and tremor were observed above 75 mg/kg treated groups. Statistically significant changes were observed in hematological and biochemical parameters of new DDB-treated groups; however, these changes were within normal range and had no relationship with dosage. Several abnormal findings were observed in microscopic examination of tissue; however, these findings were not caused by new DDB but environmental factor. The no toxic dose level of new DDB were estimated to be 57 mg/kg/day in this study.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
• /
• 제17권5호
• /
• pp.141-149
• /
• 2008

This study aims to understand functional spaces within university dormitory, examine the influences of residential environment factors and personal characteristics on users' satisfaction through what parameters and probability among these parameters and seek improvement methods for dormitory users to live at dormitory as the best residential space through causal analysis of residential space uses at university dormitory based on such a probability. Research methods include theoretical research of architectural space characteristics of university dormitory facilities through literature survey, analysis of satisfaction with spaces and their uses through questionnaire and causal analysis of each residential environment factor after making route model using data obtained from the results of analysis. The results of this study are as follows. Factors affecting residents' satisfaction with cultural activities of residential environment factors are safety, territoriality, interior finishing and complexity and those affecting residents' educational activities are safety and amenity of space. Residential function space of university dormitory must have spatial planning that social activities including individual and small group culture and educational activities from the view of spatial territoriality and flexibility based on safety and amenity and facilities related to continuity and connection of common space and unit residential space should be decentralized rather than centralized.

• 한국생활과학회지
• /
• 제20권6호
• /
• pp.1135-1151
• /
• 2011

This study examined green consumption behavior according to the lifestyles of college students. The data were collected from 314 college students in Yeungnam region by a self-administered questionnaire. Frequencies, Cronbach's alpha, factor analysis, cluster analysis, chi-square tests, one-way analysis of variance, Duncan's multiple range tests, Pearson's correlation analysis, and multiple regression analyses were conducted by SPSS Windows V.18.0. According to the result of factor analysis, lifestyles were categorized into six factors: thrift-saving type, enthusiastic activity type, brand ostentation type, freedom-seeking type, material oriented type, and practice-seeking type. Cluster analysis showed respondents belonged to one of four groups: thrift practice group, indifference group, freedom-seeking group, and material ostentation group. The levels of green purchase behavior, green usage behavior and green disposal behavior of the respondents was not high. The thrift practice group showed higher levels of green purchase behavior, green usage behavior, and green disposal behavior. Finally, according to multiple regression analyses, environmental consciousness, knowledge about green consumption, lifestyle groups were the significant factors affecting green consumption behaviors. These results imply that green consumption education for college students should be activated to induce green life.

• 자원환경지질
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.145-151
• /
• 1992

In order to study the optimum depth for the soil geochemical exploration in the area which is affected by agricultural activities and waste disposal of metal mine, the soil samples were sampled from the B layer of residual soil and vertical 7 layers up to 250 cm in the rice field and 3 layers up to 90 cm in the ordinary field. They were analyzed for Au, As, Cu, Pb and Zn by AAS, AAS-graphite furnace and ICP. To investigate the proper depth for the soil sampling in the contaminated area, the data were treated statistically by applying correlation coefficient, factor analysis and trend analysis. It is conclude that soil geochemical exploration method could be applied in the farm-land and a little contaminated area. The optimum depth of soil sampling is 60 cm in the ordinary field, and 150~200 cm in the rice field. Soil sampling in the area of a huge mine waste disposal is not recommendable. Plotting of geochemical map with factor scores as a input data shows a clear pattern compared with the map of indicater element such as As or Au. The second or third degree trend surface analysis is effective in inferring the continuity of vein in the area where the outcrop is invisible.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제47권5호
• /
• pp.253-257
• /
• 2014

Arsenic is a ubiquitous, naturally occurring metalloid that may be a significant risk factor for cancer after exposure to contaminated drinking water, cigarettes, foods, industry, occupational environment, and air. Among the various routes of arsenic exposure, drinking water is the largest source of arsenic poisoning worldwide. Arsenic exposure from ingested foods usually comes from food crops grown in arsenic-contaminated soil and/or irrigated with arsenic-contaminated water. According to a recent World Health Organization report, arsenic from contaminated water can be quickly and easily absorbed and depending on its metabolic form, may adversely affect human health. Recently, the US Food and Drug Administration regulations for metals found in cosmetics to protect consumers against contaminations deemed deleterious to health; some cosmetics were found to contain a variety of chemicals including heavy metals, which are sometimes used as preservatives. Moreover, developing countries tend to have a growing number of industrial factories that unfortunately, harm the environment, especially in cities where industrial and vehicle emissions, as well as household activities, cause serious air pollution. Air is also an important source of arsenic exposure in areas with industrial activity. The presence of arsenic in airborne particulate matter is considered a risk for certain diseases. Taken together, various potential pathways of arsenic exposure seem to affect humans adversely, and future efforts to reduce arsenic exposure caused by environmental factors should be made.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• 제32권1호
• /
• pp.21-33
• /
• 2016

Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) is still used in certain areas of tropics and subtropics to control malaria and other insect-transmitted diseases. DDT and its metabolites have been extensively studied for their toxicity and carcinogenicity in animals and humans and shown to have an endocrine disrupting potential affecting reproductive system although the effects may vary among animal species in correlation with exposure levels. Epidemiologic studies revealed either positive or negative associations between exposure to DDT and tumor development, but there has been no clear evidence that DDT causes cancer in humans. In experimental animals, tumor induction by DDT has been shown in the liver, lung, and adrenals. The mechanisms of hepatic tumor development by DDT have been studied in rats and mice. DDT is known as a non-genotoxic hepatocarcinogen and has been shown to induce microsomal enzymes through activation of constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) and to inhibit gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) in the rodent liver. The results from our previously conducted 4-week and 2-year feeding studies of p,p'-DDT in F344 rats indicate that DDT may induce hepatocellular eosinophilic foci as a result of oxidative DNA damage and leads them to hepatic neoplasia in combination with its mitogenic activity and inhibitory effect on GJIC. Oxidative stress could be a key factor in hepatocarcinogenesis by DDT.