• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.113-132
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• 2019

The degree of females' participation in corporate activity has been recently increased over the world and females' participation in economic activity may be new dynamic fuel for the Korean economy that falls into the vicious cycle of low growth. Start-up, therefore, has increasingly taken attention as an opportunity for females whose careers were interrupted to re-enter the labor market. The need for studies that examine factors influencing the decision of start-up is also increased along with the increase of the ratio of females' start-up. This study aims to verify effects of the women's characteristics(women discrimination, women's role conflict) and the human networks of females whose careers were interrupted, with the intention for entrepreneurial intention, which are mediated by personal attitudes and subjective norm suggested by Ajzen's Theory of Reasoned Action, based on an empirical research. The findings show that the human networks of females have an effect on attitudes toward start-up activity and subjective norm and the woman discrimination influence the personal attitudes. In contrast, the women's role conflict have no effect on both personal attitude toward start-up activity and subjective norm. This can be supposed as an outcome resulted from the subjects' low level of conflict caused by their sex roles, on their age distribution. The relation between subjective norm and entrepreneurial Intention seemed to be moderated by their perceived strong entrepreneurial supporting policy. Their attitudes toward start-up activity were found to have a mediating effect on the relation between the women discrimination, human networks and entrepreneurial Intention, while the subjective norm only mediated the relation between human networks and entrepreneurial Intention. Based on such results, this study attempts to suggest theoretical suggestions and the direction of various entrepreneurial supporting policy for the increase and the growth of start-up of females whose careers were interrupted, in Korea.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.17-32
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• 2023

The entrepreneurial activities of college students play a significant role in modern economic and social development, particularly as a solution to the changing economic landscape and youth unemployment issues. Introducing innovative ideas and technologies into the market through entrepreneurship can contribute to sustainable economic growth and social value. Additionally, the entrepreneurial intentions of college students are shaped by various factors, making it crucial to deeply understand and appropriately support these elements. To this end, this study systematically explores the importance and impact of role models through a multiple serial mediation analysis. Through a survey of 300 college students, the study analyzed how two psychological variables, growth mindset and entrepreneurial self-efficacy, mediate the influence of role models on entrepreneurial intentions. The presence and success stories of role models were found to enhance the growth mindset of college students, which in turn boosts their entrepreneurial self-efficacy and ultimately strengthens their entrepreneurial intentions. The analysis revealed that exposure to role models significantly influences the formation of a growth mindset among college students. This mindset fosters a positive attitude towards viewing challenges and failures in entrepreneurship as learning opportunities. Such a mindset further enhances entrepreneurial self-efficacy, thereby strengthening the intention to engage in entrepreneurial activities. This research offers insights by integrating various theories, such as mindset theory and social learning theory, to deeply understand the complex process of forming entrepreneurial intentions. Practically, this study provides important guidelines for the design and implementation of college entrepreneurship education. Utilizing role models can significantly enhance students' entrepreneurial intentions, and educational programs can strengthen students' growth mindset and entrepreneurial self-efficacy by sharing entrepreneurial experiences and knowledge through role models. In conclusion, this study provides a systematic and empirical analysis of the various factors and their complex interactions that impact the entrepreneurial intentions of college students. It confirms that psychological factors like growth mindset and entrepreneurial self-efficacy play a significant role in shaping entrepreneurial intentions, beyond mere information or technical education. This research emphasizes that these psychological factors should be comprehensively considered when developing and implementing policies and programs related to college entrepreneurship education.

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.79-102
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• 2018

In an entrepreneurial ecosystem, the failure rate of startups is extremely high at 90%, and every startup that fails becomes an orphan. This phenomenon leads to higher costs of failure for the entrepreneurs in the ecosystem. Failed startups have many lessons to offer to the ecosystem and offer guidance to the potential entrepreneur, and this area is not fully explored compared to the literature on successful startups. We use a case based method distinguishing a failed startup and a successful startup, studying the entrepreneurial characteristics and firm level factors which cause the failures, in the technology startup ecosystem of Bangalore. We study one of the modes of exit adopted by failed startup entrepreneurs and draw key lessons on causes that culminate in failures. We have identified that factors such as the time to minimum viable product cycle, time for revenue realization, founders' complementary skillsets, age of founders with their domain expertise, personality type of founders, attitude towards financial independence and willingness to avail mentorship at critical stages, will decisively differentiate failed startups from the successful ones. Accordingly, implications have been derived for potential entrepreneurs for reducing the cost of failures in the entrepreneurial ecosystem.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.223-233
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• 2023

Entrepreneurship brings countless values to each individual and practical benefits to society and the economy. Recently, the call for a better understanding of entrepreneurship from corporations and governments is regularly voiced the day, both in the academic literature and in public discussions. This study examines factors influencing the startup decision of young people in Vietnam. Primary data was collected from an online survey and then imported into an Excel file before being analyzed by SPSS 22. The total number of relevant observations for the study is 656, using numerous statistical approaches such as EFA and multiple regression analyses. This study contributes to the existing literature and current practice by suggesting six major determinants of startup intention: self-expectation, personal attitudes, self-competency, perceived feasibility, entrepreneurial orientation, and financial wealth. Among these factors, self-competency and entrepreneurial orientation are statistically significant, indicating that the capability of young people is the most important determinant of their startup intention. Additionally, the results indicate that self-expectation, attitude, perceived feasibility, and finance do not impact students' intention to pursue entrepreneurship. We suggest that by enhancing the training quality of universities, young people will be provided with much essential knowledge and technical skills for running a business.

• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.17-26
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• 2022

Purpose - In this paper, we aim to analyze to what extent entrepreneurial orientation (EO) can help overcome Korean SMEs' liabilities of foreignness in overseas markets. In this end, we examined three sub-dimensions of EO (proactiveness, innovativeness, risk-taking) and examine their individual effects on NPD performance of exporting SMEs. Research design, data, and methodology - We collected survey questionnaires from Korean exporting SMEs that are certified with Inno-biz by the Korean Ministry of SMEs and Startups. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS 26 and AMOS to create an integrated model. Result - As a result of the analysis, we found that proactiveness and innovativeness dimension of EO have positive effect on new product performance of exporting SMEs. Furthermore, technological uncertainty has negative moderating effect between innovativeness and new product performance of SMEs. Conclusion - While proactive attitude and innovativeness of EO positively affected the performance of new products of SMEs, the tendency to take risks and pursue opportunities with bold behaviors did not have a positive effect on NPD performance in foreign nations.

• STI Policy Review
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.54-86
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• 2015

The study examines the U.S. Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program, with a focus on the recent Reauthorization, and compares, in the political context, the U.S. and East Asian countries-Japan, Korea and Taiwan-that adopted the U.S. SBIR program. For the systematic analysis and cross-country comparison, the study employs Kingdon (2003)'s framework-his political theory and Garbage Can Model-to identify political participants and processes underlying the SBIR Reauthorization and to analyze the differences in problem, policy, and politics streams between the U.S. and East Asian countries. For the cross-country comparison, specifically, the study uses various data sources such as OECD, Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions, and World Value Survey. Based on the analysis outcomes, implications of U.S. practices on East Asian countries are extracted as follows. East Asian countries tend to: Have higher entrepreneurial aspiration while lower entrepreneurial activity and attitude than the U.S.; bear higher long term orientation and uncertainty avoidance while lower individualism than the U.S.; and have greater expectations of technology development and higher confidence in political parties while participating less in political action than the U.S. Drawing on the differences, the following policy recommendations are suggested. East Asian countries should: Improve entrepreneurs' access to resources (in particular, financial resource) in order to link their high entrepreneurial aspiration to actual entrepreneurial activities; cultivate failure-tolerating culture and risk-taking entrepreneurs, for instance, by providing a second chance to SBIR-participating businesses that failed to materialize their innovative ideas; and leverage their high expectations of new technology in order to take bold actions regarding their SBIR programs, and update the programs by drawing out constructive dialogues between SBIR stakeholders.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.414-426
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of business startup attributes on the overconfidence of business startup and entrepreneur's attitude in foodservice industry. To achieve this, a survey was carried out to 300 entrepreneurs in the foodservice industry through October 1 to October 30, 2012. The results were as follows. First, entrepreneur's characteristics, funds for business startup, locations and products had a statistically significant positive effect on the overconfidence of business startup(p<.05). Second, funds for business startup, locations and products had a statistically significant positive effect on entrepreneurs' attitude(p<.01). Third, the overconfidence of business startup had a statistically significant positive effect on entrepreneurs' attitude(p<.001). The findings stated above mean that knowledge or experience related to specialized management mind as entrepreneur's characteristic factors are just as important, and customers' use and choice of restaurants are also connected to stable management when the floating population of them are located to a suitable place in combination with product characteristics in enough financing and preparation based on this, showing entrepreneur's positive attitude through stable management along with confidence.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.14 no.spc
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• pp.1285-1311
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• 2011

In this research, we investigated both present and potential entrepreneurs who are over 20 years old. The theme was that how businessmen's manners toward business and danger-perception have difference and are affected according to various factors. Besides, we also worked on the influence of manners toward enterprise and risk-perception variable on intention of starting and maintaining a business by using a decision-making model of consumers. The results are the followings. First, attitude toward enterprise was positive when the entrepreneur is man or unprofessional. This phenomenon was also observed if his or her parents had business foundation experience or he or she has self-realization motive rather than economical. Meanwhile, danger-recognition was high when the entrepreneur has no job, is more than 40 years old, has business background, or has affirmative enterprise attitude. Second, people who are man, have parents with business background or have self-realization motive on business foundation were more willing to start a business. Meanwhile, people who have affirmative enterprise manners, company with sales from 11 billion to 100 billion won or no business failure experience had high intention to maintain a business. Third, businessmen who are men, work in unprofessional job or have business experience had more strong desire to establish enterprise. Meantime, people who are old, have no jobs or have enterprise experience showed high danger-recognition level. At last, people who are men or jobless had strong will to start a business. So did the people who have positive attitude toward business or have parents who have business experience. Meantime, people with affirmative business manners or no experience of enterprise failure had strong intention to keep business.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.11-19
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• 2020

In recent years, college students have emerged as the main players in Chinese innovation and start-ups. Based on the TPB theory, this paper introduced the start-up education variables and established the influence model of start-up education for university students in China on the motivation of start-up. In this paper, a questionnaire containing five variables, including behavior attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavior control, entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intention, was investigated for students from six universities in Jilin Province, China, and statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS23.0. The study found that the entrepreneurship education of college students had the greatest impact on entrepreneurial intentions compared to the three elements of planned behavioral theory: behavioral attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control. This paper has a guiding significance in strengthening start-up education in universities. This study was conducted only for students from six universities in Jilin Province, China, and the scope of the study needs to be expanded throughout China in order to generalize the research results.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.121-132
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• 2020

University Students go through the development process of expertise in a single field based on theoretical knowledge they have learned in the university. Their plans to develop their careers could lead to a shift in business as they choose to find jobs and start businesses throughout their lives. The attitude of career decision making process has been changed from learning in the form of receiving and memorizing existing knowledge to learning in a more proactive and autonomous manner, and there is a growing need for informal learning. In this study, the informal learning is investigated to clarify the impact on the employment competency and entrepreneurial intention. New implications are deduced by the introduction of start-up business to the traditional approach based on the employment ability. In addition, the importance of team-work has been increased in the field of eduction and business. The impact on the employment competency and entrepreneurial intention is studied based on the satisfaction level of team-based learning. Survey was conducted on 163 university students in North Chungcheong Province from March to June 2019 and the results of the study were summarized as follows. First, it has been confirmed that the informal learning of university students has a significant impact on their employment competency, but not on their entrepreneurial intention. Second, the employment competencies have perfect mediating effect on the informal learning and the entrepreneurial intention. Third, the satisfaction on the team-based learning did not have a significant impact on the employment competency of university students by informal learning, but it had a positive effect on the dependency between employment competency and entrepreneurial intention. In these days, start-up education at universities has been strengthened. Throughout this research, the need for informal learning is confirmed to enhance the employment competency and entrepreneurial intention of the university education program. In addition, team-based learning is introduced actively to utilize a variety of information from the university students.