• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.568-574
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• 2018

This study examined the perceptions of emotional labor among the National General Hospital and Private General Hospital in Chungcheong area. The purpose of this study is to examine the perceptions difference of public and private general hospitals. In addition, we tried to analyze the effect of emotional labor on organizational commitment by distinguishing between workers in National and Private General Hospitals. The purpose of this study is to provide the theoretical base data for mitigating emotional labor of hospital workers in the future. The results of the analysis are as follows: First, In the case of employees working at the National General Hospital, the influence of the emotional labor of the hospital workers on the organizational commitment of the hospital workers increased as the frequency of emotional expression increased. However, it was found that as attentiveness of emotional expression and emotive dissonance deepened, the degree of organizational commitment of hospital workers decreased. On the other hand, the influence of emotional labor of the hospital workers on the organizational commitment of the hospital workers in the Private General Hospital was found to be better in the organizational commitment as they pay more attention to emotional expression. However, in the case of emotive dissonance, The more deeply emotive dissonance, the less the organizational commitment of Private General Hospital workers. Second, the frequency of emotional expression in the hospital workers' perception difference of emotional labor was higher than that of the National General Hospitals. However, in the variety of emotional expression, it was confirmed that the employees of the Private General Hospitals had more varied expressions of emotions than those of the National General hospitals. In addition, it was found that the difference of recognition of the organizational commitment of the hospital workers according to the type of hospital work was higher in the organizational commitment of the employees of the National General Hospital than those of the Private General Hospitals.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.75-83
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this descriptive, cross-sectional study was to examine relationships among emotional labor, self-efficacy, and burnout of employees in public health centers. Factors that influence burnout of workers were also assessed. Methods: One hundred sixty six workers in public health centers completed a pack of self-report questionnaires. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA along with $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ test, and stepwise multiple regression. Results: Employees in public health centers seemed to experience emotional labor to some extent. There were statistically significant differences in burnout depending on the age of workers. Employees' burnout had a positive relationship with emotional labor and a negative relationship with self-efficacy. Factors influencing burnout of employees in public health centers were emotional dissonance, surveillance & monitoring of organization, age, and self-efficacy. Conclusion: Considering the findings from this study, health care providers need to develop effective interventions which increase the level of self-efficacy and decrease certain types of emotional labor for employees in public health centers and to help them effectively manage burnout.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.641-648
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of the study is to investigate the relationship between emotional labor, burnout and turnover intention in the dental hygienists. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was completed by 326 dental hygienists in Seoul and Gyeonggido from September to October, 2013. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS/WIN 15.0 program. The questionnaire consisted of nine questions of the general characteristics of the subjects, ten questions of turnover intention, and fourteen questions of burnout. Each question was measured by Likert 5 point scale. Results: There was a significant difference in workplace and monthly income which had an impact on emotional expression(p<0.05). There was a significant difference in current workplace and monthly income which had an impact on emotional dissonance(p<0.05). Burnout had a significant difference(p<0.05) in age, religion, and turnover intention current workplace, employment condition, and the number of turnover. There was a positive correlation between burnout and turnover intention. It was shown that Emotional labor had a positive correlation with burnout and turnover intention and the explanation power was 18.1%. Conclusions: The dental hygienists are one of the most vulnerable emotional labor workers and are apt to feel exhaustion from the job and turnover intention. It is necessary to prepare for the burnout and turnover intention in the dental hygienists.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.347-354
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• 2013

This study has attempted to figure out differences between emotional labor and psychosocial stress by occupation-related variables against hairdressing industry workers. For this, a total of 191 hairdressers in Busan were examined using emotional labor scale and psychosocial stress scale. The survey was conducted from July 1 to 30, 2011 using t-test, ANOVA and Scheffe's test. Then, the following results were obtained: First, according to analysis on difference in emotional labor by occupation-related variables, difference was found by monthly income in 'control of emotion' category. In terms of 'emotional dissonance,' difference was observed by job title and monthly income. In 'positive expression of emotions,' difference was detected by monthly income and number of off-days per month. Second, according to analysis on difference in psychosocial stress by occupation-related variables, differences were found by age, job title, education, work experience, monthly income, working hours and number of off-days per month. According to the analysis above, monthly income is related with both emotional labor and psychosocial stress among occupation-related variables.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.649-660
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to find empirical studies the causal relationship among positive defining representation, negative defining representation, surface acting, deep acting, dissatisfaction of job, and intention of job transfer. Methods: The collected data through the survey by customer satisfaction team of "A" company call center. Results: The result of this study is that emotion and behavior norm influence on deep act of expressing both positive impacts of the employees. Conclusion: Feelings of corporate representation norm is psychologically of employees that because it affects even also must facilitate the surface acts and internal acts of employees and job dissatisfaction at the same time due to emotional dissonance and emotional exhaustion and turnover are hidden on the back emotion norms in the contact department, it should be aware of the need to address the emotional problems. Companies need to develop a variety of programs with attention to addressing the emotional difficulties experienced by workers.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.25
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• pp.243-273
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• 2008

A new research paradigm is emerging within organizational behavior, in both theory and empiricism, based on the increasing recognition of the importance of emotions to organizational life. This paper suggest that emotion intelligence play a moderate variables in relationship of emotion labor and emotional exhaustion. More specifically, it is proposed that emotional intelligence, the ability to understand and manage emotions in the employee self and others, contribute to effective emotions management in organizations. Four major aspects of emotion labor, appraisal and expression of emotion in oneself, appraisal and recognition of emotion in others, regulation of emotion in oneself and use of emotion to facilitate performance, are described. Also, the emotional intelligence are consists of four aspects, frequency of appropriate emotional display, attentiveness to required displayed rules, variety of emotions to be displayed and emotional dissonance. Then I propose how emotional intelligence contributes to of relations the emotion labor and emotional exhaustion. The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of emotion labor to employee's emotional exhaustion to explore the moderating effects of the emotional intelligence between the emotion labor and emotional exhaustion. To complete the research the data were collected through a questionnaire from 147 employees from service company. After multi-hierarchical regression analysis, the outcomes of this study are the employee's emotional exhaustion are affected negatively by the three factors: major aspects of emotion labor, regulation of emotion in oneself, use of emotion to facilitate performance, make the moderation effect between emotion labor and emotional intelligence. These results indicate that instilling in others an appreciation of the importance of work activities: encouraging of true expression individual emotions, generating and maintaining well emotional climate and cooperation situations, and managing a meaningful environment for an organizational life.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.143-154
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• 2016

This study was designed to construct and test structural equation modeling on nurses' emotional labor including antecedents and consequences based on the model of Morris and Feldman (1997). A total of 247 nurses working at secondary and tertiary hospitals in three provinces responded the questionnaires. Emotional labor was measured by frequency of emotional labor, attentiveness of required display rules and emotional dissonance. Routineness of job, job autotomy and organizational support were measured as antecedents; and emotional exhaustion, job satisfaction and organizational commitment were included as the consequences of nurses' emotional labor. Data were analyzed by SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 21.0. The model fitness indices for the hypothetical model showed NFI=.94, CFI=.97, and RMSEA=.07. Job autonomy and perceived organizational support had significant effects on emotional labor. The emotional labor influenced positively emotional exhaustion and negatively job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Nurses' emotional labor mediates between job characteristics and nurses' psychologic results indicating more autonomy and support can reduce nurses' emotional labor and then increase their satisfaction and organizational commitment, and decrease emotional exhaustion.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.125-142
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• 2019

The study wanted to verify the effect of emotional sub-compression, a negative variable of emotional labor, on job performance, on security personnel working at private security companies, and further to verify how the impact on emotional sub-compression can affect job performance through the first draft of regulation. Empirical analysis through the study model showed that emotional edema was not a significant effect, but a negative effect on job performance, and that it did not affect the control focus itself. This revealed that emotional harmony has been shown to have a negative impact on performance due to the present state and conflicting situations in one's emotions, which means that emotional harmony does not affect negative or positive effects depending on a person's attributes. It also showed that the temperamental control focus on job performance had a positive impact on employees with an improvement focus and had a negative impact on employees with a preventive focus, and that a temperamental control focus between emotional dissonance and job performance had an effect. This indicated that job performance was affected by a temperamental control focus and that employees with an improvement focus had a positive effect and had a positive effect on performance. The implications of the study in this study are that it can have target differentiation in the areas where the study was conducted on guard workers, a social issue related to the study of emotional labor, and it can be meaningful that the study of emotional labor had a control focus and measured both positive and negative tendencies. It is also believed that there will be contributions to the verification of differences in performance resulting from employee propensity and by linking it with a variable called emotional instability. However, the data collected have the limitations of the subject and region, and the emphasis on cross-sectional analysis and the representative of the various emotions to verify the negative effects of emotional labor, and the problem of securing reliability related to the adjustment focus verification are the limitations of the research.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.83-91
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to compare the exposure levels to emotional labor, occupational and socio-psychological stress, and fatigue for workers engaged in the fields of beauty business (make-up, skin, nail, and hair). For this purpose, a survey was carried out and a statistical analysis was performed for 813 persons As a result, emotional labor was found to be linked with 3 factors of emotional control, emotional dissonance, and positive emotional expression. The exposure level of emotional control was found to be high in the area of hair care and that of positive emotional expression was high in the area of nail care. Based on evaluation of Occupational Stress Scale(KOSS), the stress were found to be highest among workers engaged in the field of make-up and lowest among those in the field of nail. The exposure level of psychosocial stress was found to be the highest in the area of make-up and the lowest in the area of nail care. The exposure level of fatigue was found to be the highest in the area of make-up and the lowest in the area of nail care, showing a difference in the exposure level of stress by area of beauty business. The study confirmed that there is a difference in the exposure level related to emotional labor, job stress, psychosocial stress, and fatigue by area of beauty business.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.7157-7165
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• 2015

This research conducted a survey of the workers in medical institutions and carried out empirical analysis through covariance structure equation modelling in order to examine the relationship among emotional labor, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and counterproductive work behaviors of medical institution workers. The results of the empirical analysis are as follows; First, the frequency of emotional expression, one of the dimensions of emotional labor, did not have a positive influence on job satisfaction, but both the degree of emotional expression attentiveness and emotional dissonance had a negatively significant effect on job satisfaction. Second, job satisfaction had a positively significant effect on organizational commitment. Third, organizational commitment had a negatively significant effect on counterproductive work behaviors toward both individuals and organizations. This research result shows that it is necessary to pay attention to drawing a plan to reduce emotional labor that workers in medical institutions experience since emotional labor causes them to get negative results while they are performing their duties.