• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.224-230
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• 2019

The purpose of the study is to investigate the change in the blood progesterone (P4) and estrogen (E2) levels when applying different estrus induction protocols to Korean black goats, and this was done to gain understanding about their reproduction physiology. For the experiment, we performed three estrus induction protocols that are commonly used in bovine: controlled internal drug release (CIDR) + prostaglandin $F2{\alpha}$ ($PGF2{\alpha}$), $PGF2{\alpha}$ + gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) + $PGF2{\alpha}$, and CIDR + $PGF2{\alpha}$ + PMSG. The P4 and E2 concentrations showed different patterns until the last treatment of the three protocols. However, similar concentration patterns were shown after the last treatment in all the protocols. In conclusion, we monitored the blood P4 and E2 levels in Korean black goats following three different estrus induction protocols. Our findings may be used in other breeding programs of Korean black goats, such as artificial insemination and embryo transfer.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.53-62
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to establish the in vitro propagation system by shoot tip culture of six Hosta species native to Korea (Hosta capitata (Koidz.) Nakai, H. clausa Nakai, H. jonesii M.G.Chung, H. minor (Baker) Nakai, H. venusta F.Maek., and H. yingeri S.B.Jones) for mass proliferation and a new cultivar development. The shoot tips of each Hosta species were cultured on MS medium containing eight combinations of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 mg/L BA with 0.1 mg/L NAA, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 mg/L TDZ with 0.1 mg/L NAA, and without any PGRs (control). They were investigated on callus, somatic embryo, crown bud, differentiation and growth of shoot and root, total fresh weight after 8 weeks of culture. In all six Hosta species, callus and somatic embryo induction rate and multiple shooting rate of the PGRs treatment group were higher than that of the control group. The highest number of differentiated shoots were obtained on medium supplemented with 2.0 ㎎/L TDZ in H. capitata (5.4), 1.0 mg/L TDZ in H. clausa and H. jonesii (3.3 and 5.8, respectively), 0.5 mg/L BA in H. minor (11.1), 1.0 mg/L BA and 0.1 mg/L TDZ in H. venusta (8.1), and 0.5 mg/L TDZ in H. yingeri (9.8). In somatic embryo formation, the PGRs treatment group of H. jonesii and H. yingeri were more effective than the control group, and the effects were relatively less in H. capitata, H. clausa Nakai, H. minor, H. venusta. Crown bud formation of four Hosta species (H.capitata, H. clausa, H. jonesiig, and H. yingeri) were also higher in the PGRs treatment group than in the control group. Crown bud formation of four Hosta species (H.capitata, H. clausa, H. jonesiig, and H. yingeri) were also higher in the PGRs treatment group than in the control group. H. clausa showed no significant effect on callus and shoot differentiation regardless of the type and concentration of cytokinin, but slightly increased in formation of crown bud in TDZ.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.103 no.1
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• pp.72-79
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• 2014

Adventitious buds were produced from the cultures of mature zygotic embryos of Larix kaempferi with the highest frequency in Quoirin & Lepoivre (LP) medium containing 1.0 mg/L zeatin (76.1%). The effective treatments for inducing adventitious shoots growth above 2 mm were shown in Litvay (LM) medium with 0.5 mg/L zeatin (75.2%) or LP medium with 2.0 mg/L zeatin (70.2%), respectively. In experiment with half strength salts medium for induction of the adventitious buds, the effective treatments were obtained from 1/2LP medium with 1.0 (83.3%) or 2.0 mg/L (81.7%) zeatin, respectively. However, the best adventitious shoot growth more than 2 mm appeared in 1/2LM medium with 1.0 mg/L zeatin (66.7%). In experiment with half strength salts medium for induction of the adventitious buds, the effective treatments were obtained from 1/2LP medium with 1.0 (83.3%) or 2.0 mg/L (81.7%) zeatin, respectively. However, the best adventitious shoot growth more than 2 mm appeared in 1/2LM medium with 1.0 mg/L zeatin (66.7%). In experiment of subsequent treatment with various cytokinins for induction of the adventitious buds, the best one (52.9%) was obtained from 1.0 mg/L zeatin for 2weeks, and then subcultured to the medium with 1.0 mg/L thidiazuron (TDZ). The effect of ethylene synergist or inhibitor on adventitious buds induction was examined. The highest rate (34.6%) of adventitious buds marked from the treatments of 1.0 mg/L zeatin+2.0 mg/L MGBG (methylglyoxal bis-[guanylhydrazone]). And the highest no. of adventitious buds(1.5/explant) was shown in the medium with 1.0 mg/L zeatin+2.0 mg/L $CoCl_2$.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.110-114
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• 1981

These experiments were carried out to define the effects of NAA, 2, 4-D and Benzyladenine on the callus induction and the organ differentiation from the explants and to find out the vegetative propagation method of Korean ginseng. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. NAA was significantly effective in forming roots from the ginseng stem segment and the number of roots was increased by increasing NAA concentration in the medium. The roots were formed from both distal and proximal ends of the ginseng stem segments grown on the medium containing more than 2mg/L of NAA. 2. The amount of callus growth increased proportionatly with NAA concentration in the range of 4.0mg per liter in the medium. The callus was easly induced from stem segment than leaf segment and 2, 4-D was more effective in callus induction and growth than NAA. 3. The benzyladenine showed the significant inhibition effect in forming roots from ginseng explant. The callus was not induced with BA alone, but in BA and 2, 4-D or BA and NAA added medium, the callus was easily induced and its growth was also accelerated. The interaction effects between 2, 4-D and BA on the callus induction and growth were significantly higher than those between NAA and BA. 4. As the ginseng embryos were cultured on the M.S. medium supplemented with 2mg per liter NAA, number of shoots was significantly increased and the percentage of embryo which had shown more than 4 shoots later was 22.2%. On the medium containing 8mg per liter NAA, the ginseng embryo showed the normal growth of shoots and leaves, but increased roots and callus induction on the basal part of shoots. 5. When the shoots with 3 leaflets were cut in 1.5cm long and grown on the Blayde's medium containing NAA 1.0mg per liter, roots were formed at the proximal end of shoot, and a new ginseng seedling was successfully obtained.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.237-244
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• 2011

Ski protein is implicated in proliferation/differentiation in a variety of cells. We had previously reported that Ski protein is present in granulosa cells of atretic follicles, but not in preovulatory follicles, suggesting that Ski has a role in apoptosis of granulosa cells. The alternative fate of granulosa cells other than apoptosis is to differentiate to luteal cells, however, it is unknown whether Ski is expressed and has a role in granulosa cells undergoing luteinization. Thus, the aim of the present study was to examine whether the initiation of luteinization with luteinizing hormone (LH) directly regulates expression of Ski in the luteinized granulosa and luteal cells after ovulation by in vitro models. RT-PCR and real time PCR analysis respectively revealed that LH had no effect on c-Ski mRNA expression in the cultured granulosa cells regardless of LH treatment. Though Ski protein is absent in granulosa cells of preovulatory follicle, its mRNA (c-Ski) was expressed and the level was unchanged even after LH surge. Taken together, these results demonstrated that Ski protein expression is induced in granulosa cells upon luteinization, and suggested that its expression is regulated post-transcriptionally. Moreover, expression of mRNA of Arkadia, an E3 ubiquitin ligases, in luteinizing granulosa cells in vivo was assessed by realtime-PCR. The levels of Arkadia mRNA expression were unchanged during follicular growth and postovulatory luteinization. These findings suggest that Ski protein level may be regulated during luteinization at translational and/or post-translational level but not by Arkadia.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.135-140
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• 2011

Genistein is a product of naturally occurring isoflavones at relatively high levels in soybeans. The harmful effects of ethanol are attributed to the induction of biological processes which lead to an increase in the generation of reactive oxygen species in fetuses. In this study, we investigated the effects of genistein ($1{\times}10^{-8}$ and $1{\times}10^{-7}\;{\mu}g$/ml) on gene expressions of the representative cellular antioxidative enzymes in ethanol (1 ${\mu}l$/ml)-treated mouse fetuses during the critical period (embryonic days 8.5~10.5) of organogenesis using a semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis. The mRNA levels of cytosolic glutathione peroxidase (GPx), phospholipid hydroperoxide GPx, cytosolic CU,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD), and mitochondrial SOD were significantly decreased in ethanol-treated fetuses. However, the mRNA levels of ethanol plus genistein-treated fetuses were significantly higher than those of ethanol alone fetuses. These results indicate that genistein can up-regulate the expressions of GPx and SOD mRNAs reduced by the ethanol treatment in fetuses.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.177-182
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• 2014

Feline ovulation time after LH surge have not been defined because its LH surge is occurred by several times of coital vaginal induction and cat has relatively longer time between LH surge and ovulation compared with other mammalian species. This study was performed to investigate the feline ovulation time after LH surge that was induced by hCG injection for superovulation with PMSG. For superovulation, all cats were received an initial injection of PMSG (200 IU, i.m.) followed 80 hrs later with an injection of hCG (200 IU, i.m.). And then, sampling of both ovaries was surgically performed at each 6 different times (10, 18, 22, 26, 29, and 32 hrs) after hCG injection. Cumulus-oocyte-complexes (COCs) were collected from 2 sides of oviducts and ovaries were fixed for ovarian histology. Total 38 COCs were collected only at hCG 32 hrs and no COCs were shown at earlier 5 times. However, in the ovarian histology, corpus haemorrhagicum or corpus luteum was not shown in all groups including ovary at hCG 32 hrs that COCs were collected. In conclusion, it was suggested that feline ovulation was occurred at 29~32 hrs after LH surge and taken relatively long time for CL formation after ovulation.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 1982

A model of induction of neoplasia by viruses has develpoed from experimental studies in animals and in cultured cells and oncogenic transformation of cells is the result of integration of viral genetic information into the cellular DNA. The evidence for these associations was derived primarily from seroepidemiologic investigation. However, data indicating that the relation between HSV-2 and cervical cancer fits the model derived from experimental animal studies are not yet sufficient to draw conclusion with regard to the etiologic role the virus in the development of the neoplasms. In other hand, the K562 tumor cell is highly susceptible target for natural killer cell lysis by the lymphocytes of human and murine periperal blood. The characteristics of this effector cell type has been investigated. A study on natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity(NKMC) against $^{51}Cr$-K562 as target cell was studed in HSV-2 infected ICR mouse. We have studied for susceptibility of HSV-2 against mouse embryo fibroblast(MEF) cells and NKMC from HSV-2 infected mouse. The results obtained that the mouse embryo fibroblast cells culture, the number and size of the cells were markedly increased and formed a monolayers relatively rapid, and become complete monolayer sheet around 72 hrs. Duration of cytopathic effect on MEF cells was rapid by serial passing of HSV-2. The morphology of the HSV-2 infected cells appear to be mainly round, ovium, spindle form and some of them was forming large giant cells. The NKMC was decrease in mouse with HSV-2 and comparison between effector/target cells ratio as 25:1 and 50:1 respectively, the NKMC was found to be more significantly decreased than normal control we have concluded that the natural killer cell activity of the viral infected mouse was shown as a suppressed during the HSV-2 infection, day 7th and 14th.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.85-97
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• 2018

The trans-differentiation potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is employed, but there is little understanding of the cell source-dependent trans-differentiation potential of MSCs into corneal epithelial cells. In the present study, we induced trans-differentiation of MSCs derived from umbilical cord matrix (UCM-MSCs) and from dental tissue (D-MSCs), and we comparatively evaluated the in vitro trans-differentiation properties of both MSCs into corneal epithelial-like cells. Specific cell surface markers of MSC (CD44, CD73, CD90, and CD105) were detected in both UCM-MSCs and D-MSCs, but MHCII and CD119 were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in UCM-MSCs than in D-MSCs. In UCM-MSCs, not only expression levels of Oct3/4 and Nanog but also proliferation ability were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than in D-MSCs. In vitro differentiation abilities into adipocytes and osteocytes were confirmed for both MSCs. UCM-MSCs and D-MSCs were successfully trans-differentiated into corneal epithelial cells, and expression of lineage-specific markers (Cytokeratin-3, -8, and -12) were confirmed in both MSCs using immunofluorescence staining and qRT-PCR analysis. In particular, the differentiation capacity of UCM-MSCs into corneal epithelial cells was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that of D-MSCs. In conclusion, UCM-MSCs have higher differentiation potential into corneal epithelial-like cells and have lower expression of CD119 and MHC class II than D-MSCs, which makes them a better source for the treatment of corneal opacity.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.220-225
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• 2014

An efficient in vitro protocol has been established for somatic embryogenesis and plantlet conversion of Korean wild ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer). Wild-type and mutant adventitious roots derived from the ginseng produced calluses on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 0.3 mg/L kinetin; 53.3% of the explants formed callus. Embryogenic callus proliferation and somatic embryo induction occurred on MS medium containing 0.5 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. The induced somatic embryos further developed to maturity on MS medium with 5 mg/L gibberellic acid, and 85% of them germinated. The germinated embryos were developed to shoots and elongated on MS medium with 5 mg/L gibberellic acid. The shoots developed into plants with well-developed taproots on one-third strength Schenk and Hildebrandt basal medium supplemented with 0.25 mg/L 1-naphthaleneacetic acid. When the plants were transferred to soil, about 30% of the regenerated plants developed into normal plants.