• Asia Marketing Journal
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.90-103
• /
• 2024

This study investigates the influences of the head movement (nodding vs. head shaking vs. nothing) on consumer attitude and purchase intention toward the product in an online shopping context and introduces the consumer motivation (need vs. want) as a moderating factor for this relationship. Through two studies, this article finds that nodding, as opposed to head shaking or no movement, leads to more positive attitudes and higher purchase intentions toward the product, and this effect is strengthened when the shopping is pursued with a need compared to a want motivation. The effect is found specifically in the fashion industry, where online shopping is most prevalent. Both theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Physical Society
• /
• v.80
• /
• pp.20-29
• /
• 2022

We discuss various aspects of anisotropic gravity in (d+D)-dimensional spacetime, where D dimensions are treated as extra dimensions. It is based on the foliation preserving diffeomorphism invariance and anisotropic conformal invariance. The anisotropy is embodied by introducing a factor z which discriminates the scaling degree of the extra D dimensions against the d-dimensional base spacetime and Weyl scalar field which mediates the anisotropic scaling symmetry. There is no intrinsic scale but a physical scale M_* emerges as a consequence of spontaneous conformal symmetry breaking. We discuss interesting lower dimensional gravity theories obtained from our model. In a (d, D) = (2, 2) case, we suggest a UV-complete unitary quantum gravity which might become Einstein gravity in IR. In a certain (2,1) case, we obtain CGHS model. Some vacuum solutions are also obtained and we discuss an issue of 'size separation' between the base spacetime and the extra dimensions. The size separation means large distinction between the scales (e.g. cosmological constant) appearing in the base spacetime and the extra dimensions respectively.

• Asian Oncology Nursing
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.24-44
• /
• 2003

The purposes of this study was to identify and propose the expected role of the oncology nurse specialist by embodying role theory to oncology nurse specialist. The subjects of this study were 149 persons in 14 hospitals, who were classified to 4 groups, oncology nurse specialists(ONS) group, head nurses and charge nurses(HN & CN) group in hemato-oncology ward, registered nurses(RN) group in hemato-oncology ward, and hematologists & oncologists(H&O) group. The questionnaire which was consisted of 89 items for role of oncology nurse specialist, was made by researcher with a field study and literature review about role of oncology nurse specialist and verified by matrix delphi technique about content validity and construct validity. The data were collected from October 22, 2002 to November 5, 2002. All 4 groups proposed that ONS should perform an expert practitioner role first of all. But ONS group, RN group and H&O group proposed orderly expert practitioner, educator, researcher, consultant, and administrator & change agent, but HN & CN group did expert practitioner, educator, consultant, researcher, administrator & change agent. Expert practitioner had the most highest necessary degree in all groups and most highest performance degree in ONS group. That was consistent with results that all groups proposed role of expert practitioner at first. 4 items out of 20 items showed the meaningful differences between groups. For role of educator, oncology nurse specialist group proposed necessary degrees over 4.0 point out of 5.0 in all items. 4 items out of 18 items showed the meaningful differences between groups. For role of researcher, 3 nurses groups proposed a high necessary degree, but performance of ONS group was most lowest among 5 roles. 6 items out of 14 items showed the meaningful differences between groups. The role of consultant had high necessary degree in some items related to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. 2 items out of 17 items showed the meaningful differences between groups. In nursing behaviors of administrator & change agent, those items about enacting principle, cost development and participation of professional academy had a high necessary degree. 4 items out of 18 items showed the meaningful differences between groups. Oncology nurse specialists group performed 5 roles orderly, expert practitioner, consultant, educator, administrator & change agent, researcher. This result was different from expected role of themselves as well as the other groups. There was a different necessary degree between role and embodied nursing behaviors of role. ONS group and RN group proposed orderly educator, researcher, administrator & change agent, expert practitioner, consultant, but the other groups did educator, expert practitioner, researcher, consultant, administrator & change agent. The expected standards of oncology nurse specialist in this study were usually master's degree, total career of 5-7 years, oncology career of 3-5 years and certification. But for the post, qualification and qualification institution, various opinions were suggested. In the conclusion, there was a different necessary degree between role and embodied nursing behaviors of role. All groups proposed expert practitioner at first in abstract role, but educator at first in embodied nursing behaviors of role. So we have to consider this difference carefully in the future research. ONS acted the role of expert practitioner first of all, but we should develope and expand the roles of researcher, and administrator & change agent. We should enact roles by role behaviors induced from mutual agreements in necessary degree and performance degree, and bargain the role behaviors that showed the meaningful differences between groups But, we should consider carefully which group's opinion we have to select. I suggested 36 items out of 89 items, in which ONS proposed necessary degree over 4.0 out of 5.0 and half of them performed as the nursing behaviors of oncology nurse specialist that did not induce role stress. For the future, We should role bargain the role with other groups based on these items.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
• /
• v.70
• /
• pp.207-238
• /
• 2022

Faith education focuses on 'changing the direction of life' that pursues the life of Christ. This is possible only when the message of the Bible is embodied in life, not by accumulating biblical knowledge. Today, however, faith education does not allow biblical messages to be embodied in life. This is the result of focusing on knowing the Bible itself, instead of guiding the faith education to meet the Bible and the experience of human life. Church education emphasized the inner faith of individuals rather than changes in life and practice, preparing for the afterlife, and mostly for the training and quantitative growth of the church. As a result, in the COVID-19 era, Protestants showed an immature appearance that only cared about the safety of the church, and social trust in Protestants was lost. Therefore, faith education should educate what life of the Bible and the experiences of the learner will meet and respond to God in order for the Bible's message to be realized in life. I tried to find out how to prepare for this faith education in detail. So I would like to look at "The preparation process for religious classes related to experience" compiled by the German Protestant Lutheran Bavarian Presbyterian Church and present tasks for application to the Korean Church. Preparation for experience-related religious classes consists of five courses. It is a personal meeting, a theological orientation, a pedagogical orientation, a pedagogical decision, and a summary of the progress plan. The main purpose of this process is to learn how biblical believers interpreted their experiences in life from the perspective of faith and tried to overcome the problem. Faith education related to experience deals with the essence of faith education, not one of the Bible teaching methods. Although the field of education is in the social change of expanding from the real world to the virtual world, the essential nature of faith education cannot change. Therefore, research and application of faith education related to experience in Korean churches will help the biblical message to be embodied in Christian life.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.23-32
• /
• 2017

Although previous studies have emphasized factors affecting people's variety-seeking behavior, research has not been performed to examine the interaction effect of good-bad luck and embodied cognition (hand washing) on variety-seeking behavior. Experience of good and bad luck affects consumer information processing and hand washing is known to reverse the experience of luck. Understanding the interaction effect of good/bad luck and hand washing on variety seeking behavior will shed important light on consumer behavior including choice and product purchase. To do this, a study was performed to investigate the effects of good/bad luck priming and hand washing on variety seeking behavior. Participants were primed with good or bad luck and then were asked to either wash their hands or not. After that, they were led to choose yogurt for the next seven days and the dependent measure was the number of different tastes of yogurt participants picked up. An interaction effect of luck priming and hand washing was found. Results indicate that, in good luck condition, there was no difference in variety seeking behavior between hand washing participants and non-hand washing participants. However, in bad luck condition, hand washing participants chose less diverse tastes of yogurt than non-hand washing participants. Implications of the study findings for the field of consumer psychology and marketing are discussed.

• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.5-39
• /
• 2017

In March 2016, the computer Go program, AlphaGo, defeated Sedol Lee, a Korean professional Go player of 9-dan rank. This victory by AlphaGo shows the rise in popularity of artificial intelligence (AI). Not only was this game a testament to machine performance, it was the type of game that extended the Turing test. When the interrogator cannot differentiate between human being and machine, the machine has passed the test. This article examines the interactions between AI and human beings and studies the social nature of intelligence through the AlphaGo case. Collins insists that knowledge or intelligence is social and embodied, and the interrogators in the Turing test can identify the difference between native members and non-members through their knowledge only. Applying this concept, AlphaGo, as subject A of this test, fulfilled its role of stirring up the classical "truth of human." Meanwhile, Lee as subject B, played to speak the truth by revealing his own qualities. Here, it is also important role that interrogators judge what it is. Many spectators, as interrogators, have intervened to confirm the border between human beings and machines by using their embodied and social knowledge.

• Archives of design research
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.5-14
• /
• 2004

Introducing human capacities of control and sensation which have been overlooked into Human-Computer Interaction(HCI), Ubiquitous computing, Augmented Reality and others have been researched recently. New vision of HCI has embodied in Tangible User Interface(TUI). TUI allows users to grasp and manipulate bits with everyday physical object and architectural surface and also TUI enables user to be aware of background object at the periphery of human perception using ambient display media such of light, sound, airflow and water movement. Tangibles, physical object which constitutes TUI system, is the physical object embodied digital bit. Tangibles is not only input device but also the configuration of computing. To get feedback of computing result, user controls the system with Tangibles as action and the system represents reaction in response to User's action. User appreciates digital representation (sound, graphic information) and physical representation (form, size, location, direction etc.) for reaction. TUI's characters require the consideration about both user's action and system's reaction. Therefore we have to need the method to be concerned about physical object and interaction which can be combined with action, reaction and feedback.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
• /
• v.38 no.2
• /
• pp.273-291
• /
• 2018

Gestures accompanied by scientific discourses play an important role in constructing mental models and making model-based inferences. According to embodied cognition literature, gestures can be a source of recognition of the mental models of students and help them in changing naive beliefs about science. This study intends to compare the gestures of scientists with that of middle school students in explaining scientific phenomena and to explore the relationship between gestures and scientific discourse. In the study, 10 scientists and 10 middle school students participated in clinical interviews and the tests of knowledge and self-efficacy. Participants engaged in one-on-one clinical interviews with semi-structured questions about three tasks regarding the molecular movement and the state change of matter. Four researchers carried out open coding and applied a constant comparison method in order to analyze video-recorded gestures. This study found four themes (feature of gesture, use of gesture, content of gesture, function of gesture) about the differences of gestures between scientists and middle school students. Scientists used more diverse and elaborate gestures systematically and frequently in the interview. Although students used gestures in their scientific talk and reasoning, the gestures of students were not well grounded on scientific knowledge and had different functions from those of scientists. The findings revealed that gestures can represent underlying cognition and strengthen scientific thinking. We should encourage students to use gestures as a tool to understand scientific concepts and make inferences.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.40-48
• /
• 2009

Leading of the computer, IT technology has make great strides. As a information-industry-community was highly developed, user's needs to convenience about intelligence and humanization of interface is being increase today. Nowadays, researches with are related to BCI are progress put the application-technology development first in importance eliminating research about fountainhead technology with DB construction. These problems are due to a BCI-related research studies have not overcome the initial level, and not toward a systematic study. Brain wave are collected from subjects is a signal that the signal is appropriate and necessary in the experiment is difficult to distinguish. In addition, brain wave that it's not necessary to collect the experiment, serious eyes flicker, facial and body movements of an EMG and electrodes attached to the state, noise, vibration, etc. It is hard to collect accurate brain wave was caused by mixing disturbance wave in experiment on the environment. This movement, and the experiment of subject impact on the environment due to the mixing disturbance wave can cause that lowering cognitive and decline of efficiency when embodied BCI system. Therefore, in this paper, we propose an accurate and efficient brain-wave DB building system that more exactness and cognitive basis studies when embodied BCI system with brain-wave. For the minimize about brain wave DB with mixing disturbance, we propose a DB building method using an automatic control and prevent unnecessary action, put to use the subjects face tracking.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
• /
• v.26 no.6
• /
• pp.210-221
• /
• 2017

First, we can define how our body perceives the external world and embodies its senses through the philosopher Merleau - Ponty. These philosophical orientations of Merleau-Ponty also appear to urban theorists such as Jane Jacobs, Gordon Cullen, and Juhani Pallasmaa. In other words, after the Second World War, people began to pay attention to human emotions and perceptions while opposing human rational thinking. Especially, they reject the abstract space of modernism and explore the everyday city space where the local character of the area lives. This place is a space where the collective memory of the group is shared over several generations. So, in this space, people's active perceptual system works actively. In the sense of this continuity of time, their ideas intersect with the concept of urban. Specifically, Jacobs criticizes massive development and proposes the development of a small block-based city with a commonality of old and new. In addition, we argue that urban space can be a visually interesting object through the continuous visual concept of urban theorist Cullen. In particular, he rediscovers the value of traditional urban space through visual experience between architecture and urban facilities. Finally, the architectural city theorist, Pallasmaa., criticizes the visual centrality of modern cities and thinks about the value of multidisciplinary space that can be experienced in architecture. This study examines the space of reproduction in detail on the perspective of the body philosophy and urban theorists. In other words, the play space inherits the natural city time, so when our body experiences this play space, we can actively sense and perceive the various senses. So we can invoke the active external actions of our bodies. Through the analysis of the size of the reconstruction space of the architectural city, various types of body senses and responses can be. Yoon Dongju Literary Museum, which renovated the old water tank of the city, can recognize the unfamiliar sense of body in everyday life through the traces and smells of water in the past and the restrained visuality. In addition, Seonyudo Park, which regenerates the waste water purification plant, can experience a phenomenal phenomenon through water space, old concrete and traces of steel. Finally, with the most recently played Seoul Road 7017 can experience interesting urban spaces in terms of a variety of plants, a human scale space creating movement, and a continuous visual.