• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.153-161
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• 2008

Objectives : This study was designed to find out whether normal saline(NS) acupuncture is able to be constituted as an appropriate control group for Cervi Cornu Parvum herbal acupuncture(CC). Methods : NS and CC were injected into Quchi($LI_{11}$) of the subjects. The subjects completed a questionnaire rating the intensity of 21 kinds of acupuncture sensation(hurting, penetrating, sharp, aching, intense, spreading, radiating, tingling, pricking, stinging, pulling, heavy, dull, numb, electric, shocking, hot, burning, cool, pulsing, and throbbing) and side effects. We compared subjective evaluations of acupuncture sensation and side effects between two groups. Results : As for CC most of the acupuncture sensation items were not significantly different from NS especially in less acupuncture-experienced subjects(average 2, below 10 time experiences) rather than more acupuncture-experienced subjects(above 10 time experiences). Conclusions : We found that NS might be an appropriate placebo herbal acupuncture for CC in small amount of acupuncture-experienced subjects. Further study is needed for new placebo herbal acupuncture for CC in more acupuncture-experienced subjects.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.172-179
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• 2000

Objectives : Assuming that the characteristic of meridian system has been similar to this of electric potentials in human body and that measurements of electric potential at well(井穴) and sea(合穴) points in branches of the twelve meridians will be representative of measurements of the twelve meridians, to measure the electric potentials in three patient groups with arrhythmia(AP group), with arrhythmia and cerebral infarction(CI group), and with arrhythmia and hemorrhage(CH group), and then to find out the characteristic of meridian system among 3 groups. Methods : Thirty arrhythmic patients diagnosed by EKG, CT, and deficiency of the heart blood(心血虛症) were divided into 3 groups(AP, CI, CH group). Their electric potential of well and sea points in the meridians were measured 3 times by physiograph. Results : Measurements were analyzed by statistical factor analysis, we obtained that the left side electric potential of well and sea points in branches of the twelves meridians in AP group was divided into two factors, which were the hand meridian without the lung meridian, the foot meridian and the lung meridian, but the right side electric potential was divided into the hand and the foot meridian. In CH group both the left and the right side electric potential was divided into three factors. In CI group the left side electric potential was divided into three factors, but the right side electric potential was divided into two factors. Conclusions : In conclusion, their electrical potentials were different each other among 3 groups. Thus electrical potentials of well and sea points might be the representative meridian to show their characteristics.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.283-299
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• 1992

Since successive operations under the acupuncture analgesia have been reported In China 1971, veterinary acupuncture was brought to the attention over the world and then its research and clinical use have markedly developed. Veterinary acupuncture and moxibustion was originated in China and Korea, but the research activities on them were not very significantly advanced. In this study, status of veterinarians on veterinary acupuncture and moxibustion, acupunctures which has been practiced by civil acupuncturist, therapeutic effects of acupuncture for the animal diseases in the field, and effects of electric acupuncture on the lumen motility in ruminants, etc. were Investigated. One-fifty of veterinarians of private clinics in Korea was interested in acupuncture and moxibustion in veterinary medicine. A lot of veterinarians required the scientific, systemic technique and knowledge or acupuncture. Civil acupuncturists who have been practiced acupuncture and moxibustion were 20 persons, and most of them were very old. They used chiefly three edged needles which were made by themselves and utilized old traditional technique in which the acupoints were stimulated and bled. Treatment with acupuncture for the digestive, muscular locomotive and febrile diseases was very effective. Until nowadays, the research on veterinary acupuncture in Korea has not much progressed. However, the Korean Societh of Veterinary Acupuncture and Moxibustion was organized in 1990. Valuable development for acupuncture through the society are expected. Electroacupuncture regional analgesia on the combinations of Yao-Pang 1, 2 and 4 acupoints was very effective for abdominal operations in cattle. But a lot of experiences and studies on the acupuncture anesthesia were required for clinical use in the future. Therapeutic effects of about 80% were obtained from electroacupuncture on the combinations of Tian Ping-Bai Hui-Shi Zhang, and Guan Yuan Yu acupoints in cattle with luminal atony and tympany In the field. Electroacupuncture on the combination of Tian Ping-Bai Hui-Qi Men, and Tian Ping-Bai Bui-Wei Gen for the treatment of downer cow was not so effective. The effects of stimulation and bleeding from acupoint by three edged needle was excellent for febrile diseases. The luminal contractile movement was accentuated by electroacupuncture on Tian Ping-Bai Hui-Shi Zhang combination and Guan Yuan Yu acupoint. It was concluded that veterinary acupuncture and moxibustion should be utilized for veterinary practice, and the advanced scientific research and clinical experiences must be followed.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.25-35
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• 2000

Objectives : The characteristic of meridian system has been similar to this of electric potentials in human body. Therefore to measure the electric potentials in healthy volunteers and patients, and to find out the characteristic of meridian system and also to do that of differences between them. Methods : Twenty-nine healthy volunteers, thirty patients diagnosed as a cerebral infarction and wind-syndrome caused by hyperactivity of the liver-yang(肝陽化風) were examined into electric potential of well(井穴) and sea(合穴) points in branches of the twelve meridians by physiograph. Results : Measurements were analyzed by factor analysis, then we obtained that both the right and the left electric potential of well and sea points in branches of the twelves meridians in healthy volunteers were divided into two factors, hand meridian and foot meridian. Where as the left electric potential of those in patients with cerebral infarction were divided into three factors, one is foot meridian, another is hand meridian with the exception of large intestine meridian, and the other is large intestine meridian and also the right electric potential were divided into three factors, foot meridian, hand meridian with the exception of large intestine and lung meridian, and large intestine and lung meridian. Conclusions : In the results, healthy volunteers differ from patients in characteristic of electrical potentials, which means that we are able to catch the characteristic of meridian system by electrical potentials of well and sea points.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.151-160
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• 2001

Objective : Assuming that the characteristic of meridian system has been similar to this of electric potentials in human body and that measurements of electric potential at well(井穴) and sea(合穴) points in branches of the twelve meridians will be representative of measurements of the twelve meridians, to measure the electric potentials in twenty aged and fifty aged healthy volunteers groups at sleeping(SG) and awakening(AG), and then to find out the characteristic of meridian system among 2 groups. Methods : We selected who thirty healthy volunteers were diagnosed by a blood test, urine examination and differentiation of syndromes by five viscera(五臟辨證) among volunteers. Their electric potential of well and sea points in the meridians were simultaneously measured by physiograph. Results : Measurements were analyzed by statistical factor analysis, we obtained that the both left and right side electric potential of well and sea points in branches of the twelves meridians were unclearly divided into four factors according to age and whether sleeping or not, which were the three Yin meridians of the hand, the three Yang channels of the hand, the three Yin meridians of the foot, and the three Yin meridians of the foot. Conclusion : In conclusion, using the sequently measuring method, we obtained that electrical potentials of well and sea points in branches of the twelves meridians were divided into two factors, but the simultaneously measuring method, those were divided into four factors. The latter result means that the electrical potentials of twelve meridians were reflected by the function of the viscera and bowels.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.209-220
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• 2000

Spasticity, an abnormal increase in resting muscle tone, is one of the most common symptoms of stroke, and its management is becoming a major issue in rehabilitation. The aims of this study are to determine the effects of electroacupuncture(EA), TENS and neuromuscular electric stimulation(NMES) on spasticity, as well as the possibility of tissue comliance method as a spasticity scale. 45 stroke patients participated in a study of the effects on hemiplegic spasticity of EA, TENS and NMES. Spasticity was measured by modified Ashworth scale on the upper extremity and tissue compliance measurement, penetration mm/kg, on Susamni(LI10) area at just before and after stimulation, and 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours and 24 hours after stimulation. The acupuncture points were applied to Kokchi(LI11), Susamni(LI10), Hapkok(LI4) and Oegwan(TE5) of the affected limb. The electrodes were placed unilaterally on LI11 to LI10 and TE5 to LI4. EA with biphasic wave, 60Hz, 0.4 msec pulse duration and low intensity was applied continuously for 20 minutes. TENS with high frequency, low intensity was applied. NMES was applied with spasticity program for 20 minutes. Each electric stimulation was done on extensor muscles group of forearm for 20 minutes. EA and NMES groups were found to produce a statistically significant decrease(p〈0.05) of spasticity and these effects lasted up to 30 minutes after stimulation. There was no definite correlation between the modified Ashworth scale and tissue compliance measurement. But tissure compliance method was found to be possible as a quantitative measurement on spasticity. There was no significant correlation between the effects of EA and NMES and the characteristics of patient, but significant correlation between the effects of EA and NMES and the modified Ashworth scale.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.207-217
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• 2015

A multi-cup electric cupping system (MECS) was proposed, based on the ancient cupping method. MECS consisted of several cups that could be used simultaneously to treat 85 lumbago patients. Each cup was equipped with its own pump and pressure-monitoring system. The vacuum pressure of the cups was controlled using fuzzy logic. Through automated control of the vacuum pressure, long-term relief of muscle tightness was achieved. To develop a scientific foundation for this alternative treatment, we compared the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores from conventional basic cupping to the ODI scores for our proposed MECS. The ODI scores using MECS decreased from $11.71{\pm}1.61$ before treatment to $4.81{\pm}1.48$ and $1.87{\pm}1.61$ after three and five treatments, respectively. The improvement rate in the ODI scores using MECS after three treatments was higher than that achieved by basic cupping. These results, combined with the convenience offered by enhanced information technology and fuzzy logic capabilities, should increase the efficiency of this device, and facilitate the opportunity to further explore the potential of Oriental medical practices.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.369-382
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was finding the pain inhibitory effect of acupuncture at $LI_4$. The pain at dentes incisivi was evoked by noxious electric stimulation and EMG changes based on the interval were measured. To do this, the opioid antagonist was administered intraperitoneally. Following are some of results. 1. The pain inhibitory effect of acupuncture at $LI_4$ was 94.35%, 84.56%, 57.62%, 54.40%, at 10, 20, 30 and 40 minutes respectively. All the data were calculated based on 100% at 0 minute. The effect was very significant at 40 minutes. 2. The continuous effect of acupuncture at $LI_4$ after taking out the needle was 58.58%, 57.62%, 66.22%, 73.18%, 83.70%, 92.68%, at 50, 50, 70, 80, 90 and 100 minutes respectively. The overall continuous effect was shown its maximum 20 minutes after taking out the needle and reached to the initial value at 60 minutes. 3. The pain inhibitory effect following the naloxone administration and acupuncture application at $LI_4$ was 95.96%, 96.04%, 94.86%, 94.92% at 10, 20, 30 and 40 minutes respectively. All values showed similar tendency to the initial data. 4. The continuous effect of acupuncture at $LI_4$ after taking out the needle which was preceded by the naloxone administration was 94.48%, 96.02%, 96.02%, 98.00%, 98.46%, 97.18% at 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100 minutes respectively. This trend was not a significant fluctuation. It was concluded that effect of acupuncture at $LI_4$ was shown in conjunction with secretion of analgesic substance. Therefore it is implied that the acupuncture application will play a major role in treating many diseases with more revelation of scientific acupuncture mechanism. Further studies of acupuncture manipulation are needed in the future based on our study.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.7 no.1 s.12
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• pp.63-69
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• 2004

Objective : This study was designed to find out whether NS(normal saline) is able to be constituted as an appropriate control group for CC(Cervi Cornu Parvum herbal acupuncture), CF(Carthami-Flos herbal acupuncture) and BV(bee venom herbal acupuncture). Method : NS and three herbal acupuncture were inserted into Quchi(LI 11) of the subjects. After 5 minutes the subjects completed a questionnaire rating the intensity of 21 kinds of acupuncture sensation; hurting, penetrating, sharp, aching, intense, spreading, radiating, tingling, pricking, stinging, pulling, heavy, dull, numb, electric, shocking, hot, burning, cool, pulsing, and throbbing. We compared subjective evaluations of acupuncture sensation between or among the groups. Results : As for CC half items of the acupuncture sensation were significantly different from NS. As for CF all items were not significantly different from NS. As for CC all items were significantly different from NS except one item. In general the score of CF acupuncture sensation was lower than the others and the score of BV acupuncture sensation was higher than the others from comparison of sensation among herbal acupunctures(CC, CF, BV). Conclusion : We found that NS is able to be an appropriate placebo herbal acupuncture for CF. Further study is needed for new placebo herbal acupuncture for CC and BV.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.203-230
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• 2009

Purpose: In order to know therapies used in the field of Obsterics & Gynecology of Oriental medicine. Methods: This survey investigated papers about clinical study, literature investigation for therapeutic methods and treatment reports published from 1999. 2${\sim}$2008. 11. Results: In the clinical studies, acupuncture is more frequently used than herbal medicine. But in the treatment reports, herbal medicine is most frequently used except some cases. Besides acupuncture and moxibustion was used frequently. In the treatment reports various acupuncture methods were used except vaginal bleeding or abdominal pain cases. Whole body acupuncture was used mainly. Pharmacopuncture, Sa-am Acupuncture, auricular acupuncture was also used frequently. And Dong's acupuncture, Hwa acupuncture was used sometimes. Moxibustion was tend to be used for dysfunctional uterine bleeding, menopausal disorder, urinary incontinence, vaginal bleeding or abdominal pain during pregnancy period, hyperemesis, recurrent miscarriage, postpartum disease, lochiorrhea. Also other treatment methods was used such as external therapy, aromatherapy, herbal retention enema, fumigation, electric lipolysis acupuncture, Chuna manual medicine, obesity management, acupuncture at uterus cervix, magnetic innervation therapy, exercise, cupping and physical therapy. Conclusion: These results suggests that acupuncture, moxibustion and herbal medicine are most frequent therapy in the field of Obsterics & Gynecology of Oriental medicine. And other therapy are used such as external therapy, aromatherapy, herbal retention enema, fumigation and so on.