• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.69-80
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• 1989

1987년 10월 1일부터 1988년 9월 30일까지 늑막삼출로 본원에 입원한 환자 138명을 대상으로 삼출액의 백혈구치와 임파구의 분포, pH, 생화학적 검사, 결핵균 검사, 암세포학적 검사 및 경피적 늑막 조직 생검을 실시하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 삼출성 늑막염은 결핵성이 57.3% 악성이 26.8%로 악성의 빈도가 점차 증가하고 있으며 결핵성은 전 연령에 걸쳐 고른 분포를 나타내었고 연령이 높을수록 악성의 빈도가 증가하였다. 2. 결핵성 늑막삼출의 경우 늑막액의 결핵균도말 및 배양 양성율은 3.7%로 매우 낮았으며 조직생검에 의한 진단율은 75%로서 늑막천자 및 조직생검에 의한 진단율은 78.7%이었다. 3. 악성 늑막삼출의 경우 세포학적 검사에서 암세포의 발견율은 42.3%이었고 조직학적으로 악성인 경우는 60%로서 세포학적 검사 및 조직검사의 진단융은 71%이었고 조직학적으로 확인된 악성 늑막삼출은 선암이 가장 많았다. 4. 삼출액의 성상을 비교하면 pH, 백혈구치, 단백양, 당치 등은 유의성이 있으나 두군의 감별에는 도움이 되지 않으며 임상에서 많이 고려되는 lympho-dominant삼출이 악성에서도 빈발하므로 임상적 감별진단에 큰 도움이 되지 않았다. 5. 조직학적으로 비특이성 염증반응인 경우 추적검사에서 결핵성이 52.2%, 악성이 26%, 원인불명이 21.8%로서 결핵이나 암의 가능성을 배재할 수 없었다. 이상의 결과로 생화학적 검사는 악성과 결핵성의 감별진단에 별 도움을 주지못하며 악성 늑막삼출도 증가하고 있으므로 진단이 불확실한 경우에는 반복된 세포진검사 및 늑막조직 생검을 병행하여야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.43-48
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• 2004

Purpose: Among the various surgical methods used for the effective treatment of cystic lesion in the jaws historically, decompression procedure has some of superior prognosis compare to direct enucleation. In order to propose the efficacy of decompression we performed this retrospective study to compare decompression procedure with one-stage enucleation in clinical results and prognosis. Patients and Methods: We reviewed 175 patients who had been histopathologically diagnosed cystic lesions from 1996 to 2000 in our department. Patients who had been received decompression alone or secondary enucleation after decompression were 31 cases, and enucleation alone were 144 cases. The age and sex of the patients, the area, size, and histological type of the lesions, and detailed operation and complications including recurrence were investigated. The minimal follow-up period was 2 years. Results: In 31cases of decompression, male patients were 22cases(71%) similar to male predilection(62.3%) in total 175 cases. Cystic lesions were developed evenly in all age groups totally. Decompression was mainly performed in teenagers but enucleation was used in elder decades. In decompression cases the lesions were located in mandibular posterior, maxillary posterior, mandibular anterior, and maxillary anterior in order, which had some differences in total and enucleation cases. In enucleation cases, less than 3cm in size was 77.1% but larger than 3cm was 93.5% in decompression cases. Histopathologically, dentigerous cysts(54.8%), unicystic ameloblastomas(16.1%), and odontogenic keratocysts(12.9%) were seen in decompression cases and no recurrence or metaplasia and infection was observed. On the other hand, permanent tooth loss, numbness, recurrence, and so on were accompanied after enucleation. Conclusion: Although decompression procedure has disadvantages such as many of visiting times and slow recovery of the surgical defect, decompression is the best choice of treatment for large cystic lesions of the jaws, because it prevents functional and cosmetic defect, allows bone regeneration, and makes easy secondary enucleation.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.343-353
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• 2002

Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore nursing students' attitudes towards sexually active elderly, and to compare their attitudes with those of non-nursing students. Methods: Study subjects consisted of 118 nursing students, and 134 non-nursing students, recruited from two universities. The data were collected from September to November 2001. Vignettes, which presented hypothetical situations of sexual activities of the elderly (65 years of age, 80 years of age/sexual activity mentioned. non-mentioned), were provided as a research method, as well as the use of a structured questionnaire. Vignettes showed the hypothetical situations by male elder's sexual activity and their age. Respondents were asked to address their thoughts in the questionnaire. Results: 1. Nursing students showed more favorable attitudes toward the elderly than non-nursing students, regardless of the presence of sexual activity of the elderly. 2. No significant difference was found in nursing students' attitudes toward the elderly aged 65 and 80 years, between those who were sexually active and those who were not. These results were the same in non-nursing students. 3. Nursing students showed more favorable attitudes toward the sexually active elders aged 65 years (5.6 1.43), than toward sexually active elders aged 80 years (4.89 1.55). This result was also the same in non-nursing students. 4. The variables significantly affecting attitudes toward the sexually active elderly in nursing students were familiarity with old persons (p=. 02), presence of living grandparents (p=. 05), and the experience of caring for old people (p=. 01). However, in non-nursing students, familiarity with old people was the only significant variable that affected their attitudes toward the sexually active elderly. 5. In nursing students, one variable to predict attitudes toward the sexually active elderly was the experience of caring for old people (p=. 03), accounting for 10% of the total variance. In non-nursing students, familiarity with old people was the only variable to attitudes toward the sexually active elderly (p=. 03), accounting for 3% of the variance for attitude. In both student groups, the variables that predicted attitudes toward the sexually active elderly included college major (p=. 03), school year (p=. 01), familiarity with old people (p=. 02), accounting for 12% of the variance for attitude by these variables. conclusion: Nursing students showed more favorable attitudes toward the sexual activity of elders 65 years of age or over, than non-nursing students. However, both the nursing and non-nursing students showed negative attitudes toward the elderly who were 80 years of age when compared with those 65 years of age. There should be a consideration in nursing education curriculums that university students may have negative attitudes towards sexual activity of the elderly over 80 years of age.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제52권7호
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• pp.778-784
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• 2009

목 적 : 대소변 훈련 시기와 기간 및 부작용과 이에 영향을 주는 인자 등을 살펴보고, 부모들에게 적절한 교육이 되는 자료를 살펴보고자 이 연구를 시작하였다. 방 법 : 2009년 1월부터 2009년 2월까지 전주예수병원과 전주, 익산, 군산지역 소아청소년과 의원에 방문하는, 만 2-6세 아기 1,370명의 부모를 대상으로 성별, 주거 지역, 가족 관계, 기저귀 종류, 훈련 시작 시기, 낮과 밤에 각각 대소변 가린 시기, 부작용, 엄마의 교육 정도, 맞벌이 여부, 경제 수준 등에 대해서 설문조사하였으며, 대소변 훈련 시작 시기와 기간, 완료 시기 및 영향을 주는 인자와 부작용을 분석하였다. 결 과 : 훈련 시작 시기와 완료 시기는 남녀 차이가 없었으며, 군 지역 거주, 위에 형제 자매가 있는 경우, 천기저귀를 사용하는 경우, 맞벌이, 경제 수준이 낮은 경우에 빨랐다. 낮에 대변 가리기, 낮 소변 가리기, 밤 소변 가리기 완료 시기는 각각 23.7개월, 24.8개월, 32.7개월이었으며, 훈련에 필요한 기간은 각각 4.8개월, 5.9개월, 14.0개월이었다. 훈련 완료 시기는 훈련을 18개월 이전에 시킨 경우에는 22.9개월로 18-24개월의 25.9개월, 25개월 이상의 31.0개월보다 일찍 훈련을 마칠 수는 있었으나, 기간은 18개월 이전에 시킨 경우가 8.4개월로 18-24개월의 5.6개월, 25개월 이상의 3.8개월보다 더 걸렸다. 부작용은 유분증, 변비, 거부 반응, 숨기 순이었으며, 18개월 이전에 훈련을 시킨 경우가 그 이후에 시킨 경우보다 유분증과 거부 반응이 많았다. 결 론 : 대소변 훈련 시기는 최소한 18개월 이후에 아기의 발달사항을 종합적으로 고려한 후에 하는 것이 좋을 것으로 판단되었으며 향후 우리나라의 적절한 권고가 만들어져야 할 것이다.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.245-255
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• 1997

The objectives of this study were (1) to analyze the degree of rice farmers' knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of the Integrated Pest Management (IPM), (2) to determine the related variables for decisions on pest control, and (3) to indicate desirable direction for IPM farmers' field training. The study was carried out through a questionnaire method and sane interviewing survey of 300 rice farmers by the IPM trainers who participated in IPM training in 1994 or 1995. The data were collected from 268 respondents to the questionnaire consisted of KAP and related variables. The major findings of the study were as follows: 1. The KAP score of the farmers concerning IPM were 71 for knowledge, 76.2 for attitude and 74 for practice on average. 2. The KAP score was higher for farmers cultivating larger land size and for those with more participation in IPM training. Also the KAP was higher for the members of the Rural Leaders Association and Future Farmers Association than any other groups. 3. The IPM farmers had strong positive attitudes towards the resistant rice varieties. However, the practical pest control rate of the IPM farmers was low for conservation of natural enemies, timely control following occurrence and plant compensation what few pest were presence in the paddy field. 4. The KAP Score on the economic threshold level and safe pesticide use was relatively low for elder farmers and for those with lower educational background. Most farmers preferred calendar spraying methods for preventive pest control to any other method of pest control. Knowledge was relatively low on pesticide and environmental contamination. 5. Decision making on pest control depends on the extension officer and rural leader's opinion. The survey method for pest occurrence by directly counting pest in the field was only 22.9% among the farmers of this study. 6. Most farmers used pesticide for preventive pest occurrence even when pest didn't occur in their field. The average number of pesticide applications per cropping season in rice field was 3.7 times, and the number of mixed pesticides per application was 4.3 kinds of pesticides. Also 6 recommendations were made in this study for improvement of IPM farmer's training.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.397-413
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• 1999

The purpose of study is to prevent Nosocomial Respiratory Infection after understand the Correlation about Recognition and Performance of Critical Nurses. Data were collected from Critical Nurses 300 persons who has worked in 14 Subsidary Hospitals of University in Seoul and the collection periode is from Nov. 1st, 1997 to Jul. 14th. 1998. There are 40 questions and constructed by 6 Domains which Hand Washing, Suction Management, Airway Management, Respiratory Instrument. Ventilation and Respiratory Intervention. Also, the Data were analized with SPSS program. The obtained results are as follows : (1) The Mean of Recognition for Prevention of Nosocomial Respiratory Infection is 4.649 and by Domains, Respiratory Intervention(4.758), Suction Management (4.669), Airway Management(4.660), Hand Washing(4.651), Ventilation(4.605) and Respiratory Instrument(4.561) according to the Mean. (2) The Mean of Performance for Prevention of Nosocomial Respiratory Infection is 3.991 and by Domains, Respiratory Intervention(4.498), Airway Management (4.107), Hand Washing(4.084), Suction Management(3.898), Respiratory Instrument(3.860) and Ventilation(3.690) according to the Mean. (3) In the Correlation of Recognition and Performance for the Prevention of Nosocomial Respiratory Infection, Hand Washing(r=0.755, p=0.000), Airway Management(r=0.724, p=0.000), Respiratory Intervention(r=0.693, p=0.000) are mentioned significant correlation level. The Performance is good whenever the Recognition is high for Respiratory Instrument(r=0.143, p=0.054) but it's not significant level and Suction Management and Ventilation has no Correlation. (4) In Normal Properties, The Recognition is good(p<.05) when Nurses has plenty Clinical Career, Attendance of the Education and Exclusive Nurse for the Respiratory Infection is in Hospital. The Age is not significant correlation level statistically but represent a little correlation. The Performance is good(p<.05) when Elder Age, Attendance of the Education and the plenty Clinical Career is not significant correlation level statistically but represent a little correlation. Another properties has no menas. According to the results, Suggestion is as follows ; (1) Required Education to advance Recognition and Performance about Prevention of Nosocomial Respiratory Infection for a little clinical career of Nursing and younger Nurses. (2) It needs to analyze Performance about Prevention of Nosocomial Respiratory Infection by observation of research worker.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.11-27
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• 2013

서울과 파주지역에 소재하는 남, 녀 고등학생 1587명(남 684명, 여 903명) 간식 섭취 실태에 대하여 조사하였다. 하루 중 간식 섭취횟수를 분석한 결과에서는 '1회'가 39.9%로 가장 높게 나타났고 좋아하는 간식종류는 '우유와 쿠키', '과일류' 등을 가장 선호하는 것으로 볼 수 있다. 간식을 선택하는 이유를 분석한 결과에서는 '먹고 싶은 것'이 59.6%로 가장 높게 나타났고, 간식 후 식사 영향력에 대해서는 '간식과 전혀 상관없다(48.0%)'로 답변했다. 아버지 교육정도에 따라서는 '간식 섭취 1회와 3회'의 경우 '초등졸'에 비해 '중졸 이상'인 경우 상대적으로 높게 나타났다. 용돈 중 식비지출금액에 따라서는 '5만 원 이하'나 '10만원(27.0%)' 경우 '우유와 쿠키'를 가장 좋아하는 것으로 나타났고 '7만원(25.4%)'이나 '10만 원 이상(22.0%)'의 경우 '과일'을 가장 좋아하는 것으로 나타나 차이를 보였다(p<0.05) 간식 선택이유와 일반사항 분석에서는 30-50대 어머니의 경우는 '먹고 싶은 것'이라고 나타낸 반면 51세 이상 어머니인 경우는 '그 날 기분에 따라'라는 결과가 높았다. 또한 어머니의 교육 수준이 '고졸이상'인 경우 '먹고 싶은 것'이라는 높은 답변이었다(p<0.05) 특히 간식 후 식사 영향력과의 차이 분석 결과에서는 35.5%의 고등학생이 어머니의 직업이 전문직인 경우 '식사를 대충 하는 경향이 있다'의 답변을 나타내었다. 이러한 결과에서 보면 고등학생들의 간식 식습관은 일반사항 중 가정환경에 영향을 받을 수 있는 것을 확인할 수 있었으며, 올바른 건강 간식 선택과 바람직한 간식 습관을 도와주기 위한 간식에 대한 지침이 필요하다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.271-281
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• 2010

이 연구는 계획된 행동이론(TPB)을 적용하여 일상생활수행에 제한이 있는 노인 환자들의 자발적 재활운동 행위의 실천에 영향을 주는 예측인자를 분석하고자 부산 경남지역 노인전문병원에 입원한 노인 중일상생활수행에 제한이 있는 350명을 대상으로 1차 설문조사를 실시하였다. 1차 설문자 중 316명에 대해 4주간의 재활운동교육을 시행하고 2주후 재활운동 실천 행위를 확인하기 위해 2차 설문조사를 하였다. 연구결과 재활운동행위에 대한 의도에 미치는 영향력은 태도(.61), 지각된 행위통제(-.56), 주관적 규범 (.27) 순이었으며, 운동행위 실천에 대해 의도는 유의하였으나, 지각된 행위는 유의하지 않아 선행연구결과와 차이가 있었다. 본 연구에서 태도가 지각된 행위통제에 비하여 의도를 더 잘 예측하는 것으로 나타났는데, 이는 노인일수록 주관이 강하고 자신의 생각을 쉽게 바꾸지 않는 성향에 따라 태도가 의도로 표출되는 것이므로 재활운동행위의 실천을 유도하기 위해서는 다양한 교육을 통한 긍정적인 건강신념을 가지게하는 것이 우선되어야 최대 효과를 기대할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• ALGAE
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.1-29
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• 2009

A synthesis of early exploration and the discovery of marine algae in the upper North Pacific and Bering Sea is presented covering the period from the late 1730s to around 1900. Information is provided about these early efforts to gather natural objects, including seaweeds, and names of these algae are enumerated. The first collections of marine algae in this broad region were those made by steller and Kracheninnkov from the Kamchatka Peninsula,Russia,during the Second Kamchatkan Expedition (1735-1742) and were described by Gmelin (1768). The first known algal collections in Alaska were those made byMerck in his 1790-1791 visits to Unalaska Island during the Billings expedition (1785-1794). British-sponsored expeditions for commercial purposes and for exploration and dis-covery allowed surgeon-naturallist Archibald Menzies to garher seaweeds that Dawson Turner and others worked up back in Europe. Several of the Russian Expeditions during the first half of the 18'!' century had naturalists aboard. the first Russian circumnavigation of the globe (1803-1806), with the ships 'Nadeshda' and 'Neva,' under the com-mand of Capt. Adam von Krusenstern had naturalists Langsdorff, Tilesius, and Horner, all of whom collected sea-weeds. The naturalist Adelbert Chanmisso accompanied the Romanzof Expedition (1815-1818) on the Russian vessel 'Rurik' under the command of Otto von Kotzebue and made collections of algae in the Aleutians as well as in the Kurils and Kamchatka. The Lutke expedition of 1826-1829 consisted of thw ships. Feodor Lutke was in command of the 'Seniavin' with K.H. Mertens aboard as physician-naturalist, and the 'Moller' was under the command of staniukovich accompanied by the naturalist G. Kastalsky. The first American-sponsored scientific expedition (1838-1842) was that commanded by Charles Wilkes, and the algae that were collected were worked up by J.W. Bailey and W.H. Harvey. The Russian naturalist Ilya Voznesenskii spent the period 1839-1849 in Russian Americ (Alaska and northern California) energetically traveling and making numerous collections of natural objects as well as ethno-graphic artefact. His algae were described by F.j. Ruprecht back in St. petersbung. The Swedish scientific vessel, the'Vega' (1878-1880), was under the command of Nordenskiold. The naturalist F.R. Kjellman made algal collections from Port Clarence, Alaska, as well as from bering Island and St. Lawrence Island in the Bering sea. The Harriman Alaskan Expedition in the summer of 1899, with the ship 'George W. Elder,' was sponsored by railroad magnate E.H. Harriman of New York City and had several scientific personnel aborad, including the phycologist De Alton Saunders. Algae were collected in Alaska and Washington. During the same summer of 1899 a scientific expedition organized by the University of California and including W.L. Jepson, L.E. Hunt, A.A Lawson, and W.A. Setchell as participants also visited Alaska and made collections of alage from various locations.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.55-74
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• 1996

This study was carried out to improve service efficiency and to cope with a emergency situation in emergency radiography, through analysis of the radiographic distribution and literature cited about emergency care. Data collection of radiographic distribution was surveyed for 761 emergency outpatients who visit during JAN, 1994 at ER of the general hospital in Pusan city. The results is as follows: Emergency radiography rate of simple radiography was 61.1 %, special radiography 2.5 %, CT 12.6 %, and ultrasonography 6.7 %. In simple radiography rate, a high rate was distributed on male(63.6 %), thoracicsurgery part(90.0%), admission patient(74.9 %), and long stayed patient at ER. In special raiography rate, a high rate was observed in urologic part(28.6%), and in CT rate, observed neurosurgery part(49.2 %) and neurologic part(36.7%). Ultrasonography rate was high for female(8.8 %) and internal medicine part(15.9 %). There are distributed regional radiography rate in radiographic type that chest(55.3 %) is high in the simple radiography, urinary system(1.2%) in the special study, and brain(40.0 %) in the CT. Regional radiography rate according to diagnostic department also was showed highly for head(64.6%) in neurosurgery, chest(90.0%) in thoracic-surgery, abdomen(58.0%) in general-surgery, spine (40.0% ) in neuro-surgery, and pelvis(15.9%), upper extrimity(20.5%), and lower extrimity(31.8%) in orthopedic-surgery each. Mean radiographic case number per patient of simple radiography was sinificant on sex, age, transfer relation in both total and radiographic patients(p<0.05). Mean radiographic case number was highly distributed on male(2.2 case number) in sex, on thirties(2.7) in age, transfered patient(2.7) in patient type, and on neurosurgery(3.4) in diagnostic charged part. Total radiographic case number in regional part was highly distributed on chest(499 case number). Considering the above results, emergency radiographer should take care of the elder patient in emergency radiography and get hold of injury mechanism to decrease possible secondary injury during radiography. Because of high radiography rate of urinary system in special study, radiographer should know well about dealing with contrastmedia administration and related instrument. All radiographer who take charge emergency patient should cope with a emergency situation during radiography, Because head trauma patients is very important in patient care, especilly in CT at night, charged doctor should be always silted with CT room and monitoring-patient. Radiography was reqested by many diagnostic department in ER. Considering that rate of simple radiography is high, special room for emergency radiography should be established in ER area, and the radiographer of this room should be stationed radiologic technician who is career and can implement emergency patient care.