• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.364-369
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• 2006

The investigation of the Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in tissues (brain, eye, muscle and serum) of crucian carp (Carassius auratus) exposed to the waterborne parathion was carried out for application as biomarker of organophosphate pesticides. The AChE activities were significantly inhibited in the experimental organs of C. auratus treated ${\geq}63{\mu}g/L$ of concentrations of parathion. The AChE activity of C. auratus was significantly reduced in response to brain (79.1~92.4%), eye (76.0~91.5%), muscle (89.7~97.6%) and serum (68.9~78.0%) after 30 days exposure. No significant mortality occurred during the experiment duration but behavioral changes occurred in the carp after exposure to the parathion were erratic swimming and convulsions. The anomaly in the carp exposed to parathion were observed in the form of scoliosis. The use of AChE activity and other adverse responses of the carp might be use as a reliable monitoring tool to detect parathion in aquatic ecosystem which might produce significant population changes.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.35-41
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• 2006

Vitellogenin (Vtg), a phospholipoglycoprotein precursor of egg yolk is synthesized and secreted from the liver in response to estrogens in female fish. Vtg is normally undetectable in the blood of male fish, but can be induced by exposure to chemicals possessing estrogenic activity. Thus, the presence of Vtg in blood of male fish can serve as a useful biomarker for assessing previous exposure to estrogenic compounds. In the present study, Vtg was abnormally expressed in Rhynchocypris oxycephalus using estradiol benzoate ($E_2$). As the result, it was found that the level of Vtg in blood from R. oxycephalus was increased by treated quantity of $E_2$ with dose-effect manner. Monoclonal antibodies were generated against Vtg of R. oxycephalus. The hybridoma were screened with an enzyme immunoassay for the production of specific anti-Vtg antibodies. Five positive cell lines with a high specificity were selected. Monoclonal antibodies against vtg of R. oxycephalus that was developed in this study, may be a useful bio-indicator for the detection of estrogenic contamination in the aquatic ecosystem.

• Atmosphere
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.163-175
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• 2017

The global terrestrial ecosystems have shown a large spatial variability in recent decades and represented a carbon sink pattern at mid-to-high latitude in Northern Hemisphere. However, there are many uncertainties in magnitude and spatial distribution of terrestrial carbon fluxes due to the effect of climate factors. So, it needs to accurately understand the spatio-temporal variations on carbon exchange flux with climate. This study focused on the effects of climate factors, .i.e. temperature, precipitation, and solar radiation, to terrestrial biosphere carbon flux. We used the terrestrial carbon flux that is simulated by a CarbonTracker, which performs data assimilation of global atmospheric $CO_2$ mole fraction measurements. We demonstrated significant interactions between Net Ecosystem Production (NEP) and climate factors by using the partial correlation analysis. NEP showed positive correlation with temperature at mid-to-high latitude in Northern Hemisphere but showed negative correlation pattern at $0-30^{\circ}N$. Also, NEP represented mostly negative correlation with precipitation at $60^{\circ}S-30^{\circ}N$. Solar radiation affected NEP positively at all latitudes and percentage of positive correlation at tropical regions was relatively lower than other latitudes. Spring and summer warming had potentially positive effect on NEP in Northern Hemisphere. On the other hand as increasing the temperature in autumn, NEP was largely reduced in most northern terrestrial ecosystems. The NEP variability that depends on climate factors also differently represented with the type of vegetation. Especially in crop regions, land carbon sinks had positive correlation with temperature but showed negative correlation with precipitation.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.323-330
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• 2006

We investigated the impact of watermelon grafted onto Cucumber Green Mottle Mosaic Virus (CGMMV)-resistant transgenic watermelon rootstock on insects as non-target organisms in a greenhouse in 2005. We quantitatively collected insect assemblages living on leaves and flowers, and we used sticky traps to collect alate insects. We compared the patterns of insect assemblages and community composition, cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii Glover) on watermelon leaves and western flower thrip (Frankliniella occidentalis Trybom) on watermelon male flowers, between CGMMV-resistant transgenic watermelon (TR) and non-transgenic watermelon (nTR). Non-parametric multidimensional scaling (NMS) ordination verified that insect assemblages on leaves and sticky traps were different between TR and nTR (P<0.05). The insect assemblages on male flowers were not statistically significant. Multi-response permutation procedures proofed our results from NMS results (P>0.05). Conclusively, TR watermelons appear to have some adverse effects on the population of cotton aphids on leaves and sticky traps, but watermelon male flowers do not show an adverse effect. Further research is required to assess the effect of TR on the aphid and western flower thrip. Life table experiments might support the specific reason for the adverse effects from leaf assemblages. Assessment of non-target impacts is an essential part of the risk assessment of non-target insects for the impact of transgenic organisms.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.298-311
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• 1993

Simulation modeling was applied to predict the response of northeast Florida coastal wetlands to futrue sea levl rise due to global warming. Remote sensing and geographic information systems (GLS) were used to develop, manipulate, and synthesize input data, including land cover, digital elevation data, and site characteristics data. The SLAMM3 model evaluated this input data to predict responses of coastal wetlands and lowlands to inundation and erosion by sea level rise, and determined transfers from one habitat to another on a cell-by-cell basis. Significant changes were predicted from different scenarios of sea level rise: 0.5m, 1.0m, and 1.25m. The simulations indicated that 31.9 percent and 40.0 percent of wetlands within the study area would be lost with 1.0m and 1.25m sea level rise respectively, and a 6.5 percent loss with 0.5m rise.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.91-100
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• 2018

Benzisothiazolinone (BIT) is the preservative that is widely used in industrial and household products. In this study, zebrafish (Danio rerio) was exposed to BIT at different concentrations (control, 0.5 g/L, 1.0 g/L and 2.0 g/L) for 72 hours. The techniques of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy were applied to analyze the effects of BIT on zebrafish. The advantages of NMR are the minimal sample preparation and high reproducibility of experimental results. With the multivariate statistical analysis, dimethylamine, N-acetylaspartate, glycine and histidine were identified as an important metabolite in differentiating between the control and BIT-exposed group. This study will improve the understanding the metabolite changes in the zebrafish in response to BIT exposure.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.130-142
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• 2021

Background: Climate change is occurring rapidly around the world, and is predicted to have a large impact on biodiversity. Various studies have shown that climate change can alter the geographical distribution of wild bees. As climate change affects the species distribution and causes range shift, the degree of range shift and the quality of the habitats are becoming more important for securing the species diversity. In addition, those pollinator insects are contributing not only to shaping the natural ecosystem but also to increased crop production. The distributional and habitat quality changes of wild bees are of utmost importance in the climate change era. This study aims to investigate the impact of climate change on distributional and habitat quality changes of five wild bees in northwestern regions of Iran under two representative concentration pathway scenarios (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5). We used species distribution models to predict the potential range shift of these species in the year 2070. Result: The effects of climate change on different species are different, and the increase in temperature mainly expands the distribution ranges of wild bees, except for one species that is estimated to have a reduced potential range. Therefore, the increase in temperature would force wild bees to shift to higher latitudes. There was also significant uncertainty in the use of different models and the number of environmental layers employed in the modeling of habitat suitability. Conclusion: The increase in temperature caused the expansion of species distribution and wider areas would be available to the studied species in the future. However, not all of this possible range may include high-quality habitats, and wild bees may limit their niche to suitable habitats. On the other hand, the movement of species to higher latitudes will cause a mismatch between farms and suitable areas for wild bees, and as a result, farmers will face a shortage of pollination from wild bees. We suggest that farmers in these areas be aware of the effects of climate change on agricultural production and consider the use of managed bees in the future.

• Food Science and Industry
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.410-421
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• 2020

Regarding a long-term strategic plan in the food and agriculture sector, R&D policies and investment trends in major overseas countries are reviewel. The importance of efficient resource management is emphasized along with continuous government support for R&D in the agri-food industry. In response to facing social issues such as climate change, food security, food safety, health, and environment, research and innovation agenda is mainly focused on harmony between economy and environment, human nutrition and health as well as animal and plant health, and an integrated ecosystem approach. Particularly in the food sector, public investment is generally made in food safety, nutrition and health, and private investment for food processing and manufacturing. Public-private collaboration is carried out in order to enhance the efficiency of R&D innovation and development strategies in the agri-food industry.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.13-21
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• 2011

To recover basic functions of river such as water control, irrigation, environment, culture, a national river improvement project, the four river restoration projects were currently planned and under construction in Korea. This project is designed to preserve cultural assets and ecosystem from flooding, for that reason, environmentally friendly materials of construction are strongly emphasized. In this study, the soil and cement admixtures are developed. And, the compaction test and the unconfined compressive strength test to evaluate applicability of probiotics as environmentally friendly materials are conducted the soil and cement admixtures. As a result, the probiotic culture was not active in completely dried specimen to obtain accurate mixing proportion. It indicates that the probiotics cannot influence on the development the soil and cement admixtures. A further research will focus on the effect of response between polysaccharide environmentally friendly soil stabilizer and natural specimen.

• Journal of Korea Planning Association
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• v.54 no.7
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• pp.58-69
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• 2019

This study suggested the necessity of introducing the future-oriented new industrial complex as a way to enhance the competitiveness of the industrial complex in response to the industrial ecosystem change caused by the 4th industrial revolution. To evaluate the location suitability for the new industrial complex, location indices were developed in this study. The flexibility of location and connectivity to neighboring areas of the future-oriented new industrial complexes were the focused subjects of this study. In-depth expert consultation and Delphi survey were conducted to construct an index system and to measure the indices. Afterwards, the AHP analysis was conducted to elucidate the weighting by indicators. As a result, the indicators of industrial innovation environment were the most important in the major category. In addition, the convenience of workers, especially urban environment, was analyzed as an important factor for success of the future-oriented new industrial complex. The indicators which are closely related to the concept and purpose of the future-oriented new industrial complex turned out to have the higher weight compared to other indicators. From the point of view of the developers of the industrial complexes or tenant companies, the implications for deriving suitable locations for development of industrial complexes among urban under-utilized sites are suggested. Furthermore, It is expected that the government will be able to apply the development system to stimulate the development of these new industrial complexes and to prepare guidelines for selecting locations.