• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.638-646
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to find a relationship between eating behavior, dietary self-efficacy and nutrition knowledge by comparing these items in elementary school students according to food service type. The survey was made through a questionnaire from 759 students in the 6th grade of elementary school in 39 Gangwon Province. The average score of eating behaviors according to food service type was highest for urban type, followed by agri-fishery type, and finally remote island and country type, for the questions asking about the application of nutrition knowledge and the frequency of eating out. The average score of nutrition knowledge according to food service type showed significant differences for the questions about eating snacks before going to sleep and weight increase as well as calorie comparisons between foods. For the correlation of eating behavior, dietary self-efficacy and nutrition knowledge, the agri-fishery type showed positive in all of the three items with significant differences. In the remote island and country type, there was a positive relationship between nutrition knowledge and dietary self-efficacy, and between eating behavior and dietary self-efficacy. However, there was no significant difference of correlation between nutrition knowledge and eating behavior. In order to confirm the predictable variables for eating behavior, a regression analysis was made by injecting variables in every stage with independent variables of dietary self-efficacy and nutrition knowledge, which showed a significant relationship with eating behavior. The results showed that, in the urban type, dietary self-efficacy and nutrition knowledge affected the eating behavior and, in the agriculture type and the remote island and country type, only dietary self-efficacy affected the eating behavior.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.383-391
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• 2009

This study was performed in order to compare the differences in dietary self-efficacy and eating behaviors as well as the relationship of weight control attitudes according to eating disorder perception and obesity index for high school girls majoring in dance. Almost half (45.5%) of the subjects perceived eating disorders, and the rate of underweight group was 45.7%. Forty-four percent of the group that perceived eating disorders were in modern dance, while 55.0% of the group that did not perceived eating disorders were in Korean dance (p < 0.05). For the obesity index, a similar rate was shown between the different types of dance for the underweight group, but in the normal group, 54.5% were in Korean dance (p < 0.05). Most (82.0%) of the group that perceived eating disorders had fears on obesity, while only 53.3% of the non-perceiving group had fears on obesity (p < 0.01). Over half (58.3%) of the underweight group had fears on obesity, while 77.2% of the normal group showed fear in that (p < 0.05). For necessity of weight loss to do dance performances, 25.0% of the underweight group and 57.9% of the normal group need that (p < 0.05). Most of the group that perceived eating disorders (92.0%) answered that they had experience in very low calorie diets, while only 40.0% of the non-perceiving group had experience (p < 0.001). For necessity of calorie education, 42.0% of the group that perceived eating disorders and only 20.0% of the non-perceiving group answered is needed (p < 0.05). For eating behavior, the group that perceived eating disorders had lower total scores compared to the non-perceiving group (p < 0.001), The group that perceived eating disorders showed lower scores for restraint eating (p < 0.01) and emotional factors (p < 0.001) except by external eating. This study showed that high school girls majoring in dance have high interest in weight control and problems with wrongful body images and eating behaviors, as well as need for calorie education were suggested. Thus, it is necessary to develop and execute a proper weight control education program for the subjects. (Korean J Community Nutrition 14(4) : 383${\sim}$391, 2009)

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.166-174
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to compare dietary self-efficacy for sodium intake reduction and dietary behaviors by eating areas. Subjects (797 males and 767 females) were classified according to perceived dietary habit levels related to sodium intake (lowest: ${\leq}10$ (n=434), low: $11{\sim}{\leq}13$ (n=471), high: $14{\sim}{\leq}15$ (n=360), highest: $16{\leq}$ (n=299)) using an online survey with a sample that was geographically representative of the population. The highest group was significantly younger and had a higher student proportion than the lowest group. Dining contexts regarding home led to a significantly higher sodium intake in the highest group, but it was eating out for the lowest group. The highest group had a significantly lower intention to reduce sodium intake compared to the lowest group. In the home cooked meals, the highest group displayed a significantly lower cooking frequency, less effort with respect to a low sodium diet and cooking habits related to sodium intake as compared to the lowest group. Also, regarding eating out and food service, the highest group exhibited significantly lower efforts and dietary behaviors to reduce sodium intake than the lowest group. The dietary score for sodium reduction behavior in the highest group was significantly lower compared to the lowest group, for home cooked meals, eating out, as well as food service. Thus, dietary guidelines and nutrition education for the reduction of sodium intake by eating areas need to be developed and provided.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.473-486
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• 2014

This study examines the relationships between dietary self-efficacy, social support, depression, and weight-control behavior of children and adolescents. A total of 593 students (280 children and 313 adolescents) from schools in Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, Jeollabuk-do, and Daegu were surveyed using scales for dietary self-efficacy, social support, depression, and weight-control behavior. The data were analyzed through a frequency analysis, means and standard deviations, a t-test, a one-way ANOVA, the Tukey test, the Pearson's correlation, and a stepwise multiple regression analysis. According to the results, weight-control behavior was more likely in girls than boys, high-school students than elementary-school students, and obese/overweight students than normal/underweight students. The factors influencing children's weight-control behavior were general eating habits, the BMI, depression, food choice, and family support, in that order, and those influencing adolescents' weight-control behavior were general eating habits, gender, and the BMI, in that order. These results are expected to be useful as basic data for developing weight-control programs for children and adolescents.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.274-283
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to examine dietary life characteristics such as knowledge, self-efficacy and dietary behavior of preschoolers in Namyangju, Kyunggi-province, Korea. Methods: The survey questionnaire was developed based on literature review. Preschoolers aged 4-5 years (n=208) responded to the questionnaire to measure knowledge, self-efficacy, food preference, and dietary behavior. After excluding incomplete responses, the data of 197 subjects were used for analysis. Results: Mean score of dietary life knowledge was 8.0 out of 12, showing a low level of knowledge. Two out of 12 knowledge items were significantly different by gender. Percentage of correct answer on items of 'foods to make bones strong' and 'kinds of fast foods' was higher in girls than in boys (p<0.05). Total score of self-efficacy regarding dietary life was 40.1 (possible score: 12~48), on average. Compared to girls, boys had more confidence in 'not over-eating', and 'eating balanced meals with meat, fish and vegetables' (p<0.05). Boys scored higher on total score of food preference than girls (p<0.01). The preference for fruits was quite high. Among food items, boys scored higher on the preference for rice (p<0.01), fish (p<0.01), pork (p<0.05), beef (p<0.05), milk (p<0.01), and ice cream (p<0.05) than girls. Boys also liked fast foods more than girls did, showing preference for chicken (p<0.01) and soda (p<0.05). Compared to girls, boys showed more desirable behavior in 'eating breakfast everyday' (p<0.01). Dietary behavior was significantly correlated with self-efficacy (r=0.52, p<0.01), food preference (r=0.35, p<0.01), and knowledge (r=0.25, p<0.01) of subjects. Conclusions: In this study, we observed differences in food preference by gender. Dietary behavior of preschoolers was correlated with several factors, including dietary life related knowledge, self-efficacy and food preference. Thus, it is needed to develop nutrition education programs focusing on increasing dietary life related knowledge and self-efficacy, and consider the differences in food preference of preschoolers by gender.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.707-719
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• 2008

This study was carried out to find the relationship among dietary behavior, dietary self efficacy and nutrition knowledge according to the perceived body shape of the 5th and 6th grade elementary students in Gangwon Province and found out their relationships. The results are as follows; The factors that showed significant difference according to perceived body shape were gender, father's education level, the number of siblings, birth order, obesity of parents and siblings and ideal body shape. For the perceived body shape, the students answered generally normal(48.9%), slightly fat(27.9%), thin(16.5%) and very fat(6.7%). Out of total students 76.5% of them were not satisfied with their body shape such that satisfactory(23.5%), want to lose weight(61.4%) and want to increase weight(15.1%). The score of eating behavior showed significant difference between perceived body shape on such questions as eating speed(p<0.001), frequency of fatty food intake(p<0.001), adequate intake quantity(p<0.001), balanced diet(p<0.05), frequency of going out to eat(p<0.001). The score of diet self efficacy showed significant difference in the area of general habit on such questions as whether to eat slowly together with friends (p<0.001), whether to eat adequate quantity(p<0.001), whether not to have snacks after dinner(p<0.001). And in the area of food selection it showed significant difference on such questions as to select ice cream in stead of yoplait(p<0.001). In the area of social circumstance it showed significant difference on such questions as to reject the food(p<0.01) and to restrain food in birthday party or holiday(p<0.05). In the area of emotional status it showed significant difference on the question about food restrain when boring and depressed(p<0.05 respectively). The score of nutrition knowledge showed significant difference according to the perceived body shape on such questions as total score(p<0.01), five basic food group(p<0.05), snack and body weight(p<0.001), calcium function(p<0.01). It showed perceived body shape co-related with the nutrition knowledge(p<0.01). In summary, the perceived body shape for the highly eating behavior was generally normal, for the highly dietary self efficacy was slightly fat, and for the highly nutrition knowledge was also slightly fat.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.209-218
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• 2018

Purpose: This study was conducted among older women to (1) identify their levels of knowledge, self-efficacy, and health behavior in dealing with osteoporosis and falls and (2) explore the relationships between the study variables based on a health-beliefs model. Methods: With a cross-sectional survey design, we recruited 94 older women of ages from 65 to 74 at a community setting via convenience sampling. The study participants completed two sets of structured questionnaires (on osteoporosis and fall prevention). Results: The general characteristics of the study participants demonstrated that the women were at high risk for osteoporosis and falls. Overall, the levels of knowledge about osteoporosis and falls, their self-efficacy, and their preventive behaviors were average or slightly above. The relationships between the study variables showed that self-efficacy and healthy behavior, such as doing osteoporosis exercise, eating an osteoporosis diet, and avoiding falls, were related (r=38, p<.001; r=.33, p<.05; r=.26, p<.05). In addition, there were statistically significant relationships between osteoporosis and fall prevention knowledge (r=.37~.46, p<.001), self-efficacy (r=.50~.53, p<.001), and preventive behaviors (r=.50, p<.001). Conclusion: The women's scores on osteoporosis and fall knowledge, self-efficacy, and preventive behaviors suggest an urgent need for the implementation of educational programs for older women. A close relationship between self-efficacy and health behaviors implies a need for transformation of a traditional one-way lecture form.

• The Korean Journal of Coaching Psychology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-32
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the online coaching program on improving eating habit behaviors. The online coaching program was based on the model of habit behaviors change process(Tak et al., 2019) and the success factors on improving eating habit behaviors(Choi et al., 2020), and previous research showing the effects of habit change. Participants were 20 adults, selected through telephone interviews over the age of 19 in the metropolitan area. They were divided into the experiment and control groups, and participated one-on-one coaching program. Data of 17 people were used for the final analysis, and weight, dietary habits, eating behaviors, dietary self-efficacy, self-regulation, and life satisfaction were measured at two times(pre and post). Results showed that there were significant interaction effects between time interval and groups for all the dependent variables except self-regulation and life satisfaction. In other words, there were significant changes in weight, dietary habits, eating behaviors, dietary self-efficacy in the experimental group between time interval, whereas there were no significant changes for the control group. Based on these results, the significance and practical implications, limitations of this research, and suggestions for further research were discussed.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.496-504
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate the dietary intake, obesity index and psychosocial factors influencing obesity among 200 high school girls in Seoul. The Social Cognitive Theory provided the Conceptual basis for this study. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to examine factors related to obesity, including self-efficacy for controlling overeating, social support for eating behavior, perception of body image and weight control, nutrition knowledge, and attitudes toward obesity. The data were analyzed using t-test and multiple logistic regression. The results of this study are as follows : 1) The mean age of the girls was 16.4 years, and the rate of overweight and obesity(measured by obesity index) was 27.0$\%$. 2) The mean energy intake of subjects was 1832.3$\pm$384.0kcal. The energy derived from carbohydrates, proteins and fats was 62.7$\%$, 13.8$\%$, and 23.5$\%$, respectively. There was no significant difference between the obese and the comparison group in energy intake. 3) The result of multivariate analysis indicated that obesity had a significant relation to the perception of ideal body image, social support for eating behavior, and self-efficacy for controlling overeating(p〈0.01). As subjects preferred thinner body images(OR=0.39) and received less social support(OR=0.93), the odds of being classified as obese increased. The odds of being obese were also associated with self-efficacy, however, the relation was not strong(OR=1.04). 4) Specific social support was related to obesity among adolescent girls. As subjects received more support from family member, the odds of being obese decreased. The emotional support as well as family member's positive nutrition behavior plays a significant role. In addition, instrumental support from friends was associated with obesity. With repect to self-efficacy, the odds of being obese were increased as subjects felt less confident in controlling overeating when tempting food was placed in front of them or after an argument. In contrast, the obese group felt more confident in controlling overeating for the rest of the specific situations examined. These findings suggest that educational interventions for weight control should incorporate strategies to help participants realize their degree of obesity, to reduce the discrepancy between current and ideal body image, to elicit and maintain social support from friends and family, and to increase the self-efficacy for changing eating behaviors. (Korean J Community Nutrition 2(4) : 496-504, 1997)

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.784-792
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of weight control programs on BMI, serum profiles, nutrition knowledge and eating behaviors of adult obese women. The subjects of this study were 33 adult obese women aged 30-65 years residing in Seoul. The weight control program for obese women included nutritional education, cognitive behavioral therapy and exercise for 12 weeks. The weight control experience of the subjects was 60.6%. They preferred physical exercise and diet restriction to weight control and 72.7% of subjects answered that the reasons for wanting to control their weight was health. The BMI of test subjects significantly decreased (p<0.001) from 28.3 to 27.1 after the 12 weeks of the weight control program. In addition, the % body fat significantly decreased (p<0.001) from 36.4% to 34.5% after completion of the weight control program. SGPT levels in the serum were also significantly decreased (p<0.05) after the program. Triglyceride levels significantly decreased from 194.9 mg/dL to 98.1 mg/dL (p<0.01) and the HDL cholesterol level significantly increased (p<0.01) from 55.8 mg/dL to 60.0 mg/dL after completion of the weight control program. Nutritional knowledge and eating behavior scores were significantly increased (p<0.001). In addition, the eating self-efficacy of the subjects was significantly increased (p<0.01); however, the food diversity scores were not changed after the program. These results suggest that the weight control program for adult obese women may be effectively used to promote weight reduction and improve nutritional knowledge and eating behavior.