• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.55-65
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to empirically analyze the factors that affect start-up activities at the national level. Unlike most existing research about entrepreneurship at the individual level, this empirical analysis makes use of the total early-stage entrepreneurial activity(TEA) index at national level. This was developed by the Global Entrepreneur Monitor (GEM) as the measure for the degree of entrepreneurship of the countries. Based on the previous studies, not only national income level and unemployment rate, but also other factors including the cultural characteristics of the countries were included in our regression model. Using GEM's panel data, we found that the effectiveness of the factors depends on the stage of economic development. In particular, we found 'U-shape' relationship between the level of per capita income and entrepreneurship activity by the panel regression analysis using quadratic function. This analysis result can explicitly confirm what the existing literature have explained descriptively. Furthermore, the governmental support programs are shown to have significantly positive effects on the entrepreneurship or start-up activities in the factor-driven and efficiency-driven economies. On the contrary, those programs were not very helpful in the innovative economies. Lastly, this research suggests that the 'education and training' and the 'entrepreneurial culture' be the supportive norm for new business regardless of the economic development level.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.41-53
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• 2014

There has been lots of discussions and new policies to encourage people to start new businesses. However, they key issue such as how to raise the success rate of new start-ups still needs to be resolved. Many believe that the success of policies and discussions for promoting entrepreneurship in Korea highly depends on how to lower the risks with which early stage start-ups encounter. In this backdrop, this study aims at providing an emerging approaches in entrepreneurship, 'lean start-up', which can work as an effective method with which early stage entrepreneurs can minimize challenges they face. Even though lean start-up is a widely accepted concept among practitioners and recognized as a useful tool for entrepreneurship and education, but has not got deserved attention from the academic world. This paper offers basic framework and key principles of lean start-ups, furthermore, shows Korean cases of step-by-step application methods of its concepts. It also suggest key issues in adopting lean start-up strategy. This study has implications and contributions for entrepreneurs, educators and researchers through providing comprehensive perspectives on process of the lean start-up strategy.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.75-87
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• 2016

This study examines the impact of government funds to venture capital on investment in early-stage firms. We provide novel explanations about this relationship focusing on mechanisms by which government funds influence the perceived uncertainty, decision about investment priority, scale economy of investment, information asymmetry in investment decision, and capital expense. We argue that venture capital's investment in early-stage firms increases as government funds increase and as government funds are explicitly directed for early-stage firms. However, we further claim that the impact of government funds on early-stage investment will be decreasing as their size increases and finally be reverted to negative impact beyond a certain amount of funds to show inverse-U relationship. Our empirical examination using data from 105 Korean venture firms active as of 2013 consistently supports the claims. This study contributes to the venture capital literature by providing novel arguments about mechanisms and effects of policy intervention in venture capital. In practice, we expect our results will provide an opportunity for relevant policy makers to review their venture support policy based on empirical evidences for policy effects.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.39-48
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• 2006

This study is supposed to grasp how The Entrepreneurship education(BizCool) that has been set as an example since April, 2002 has changed the Vocational high school students' perception of values or courses and then as the result of it, to get the early outcome of The Bizcool. The extent of the model schools mainly concentrated in the industrial and commercial department has to be spreaded to the students of various departments. In addition, diversification of the teaching material would be able to support the accomplishment of the suitable The Bizcool. The effectiveness of The Bizcool has been proven in various parts today, so its application is being magnified gradually. Also it is expected that many schools will adopt this program from now on. The Bizcool that has been executed to enhance the vision and self-confidence of the vocational high school students for their foundation, needs first of all, persistent support, investment and administration, and through these processes it will contribute to change the awareness about social unemployment problems and the vocational high schools.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.398-411
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• 2020

This study explored the case of non-face-to-face classes at colleges initiated in the Corona 19 environment. The scope of this study was to analyze the learning development process of the non-face-to-face class case facing the Corona 19 environment in university classrooms in terms of class and learning content, interaction, assignment activity, and teaching-learning activities. It was conducted for first-year students at H University's Early Childhood Education Department of Startup Basic Course. Study results found that, first, interest in entrepreneurship increased as learning content. Second, as a result of exploring the teaching and learning process, there is no significant difference in understanding the content or achieving learning goals. Third, the most regrettable thing about non-face-to-face teaching-learning is the lack of interaction activities. Fourth, the students finished by adapting to the new non-face-to-face teaching-learning environment. In the future, a non-face-to-face environment platform should be established, and studies that can deal with new perspectives and approaches, such as an educational interaction system including online and offline, should be continued.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.153-161
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• 2016

Small business start-up competition in the market has become overheated. It is effected by early retirement and unemployment, specially youth employment. It is a research on small business owners' satisfaction of SEMAS(Small Enterprise and Market Service) based on the funding policy, education and consulting program. It has surveyed 272 small business owners living Gyeongsangnam-province from January 2013 to September 2015. In addition, it analyzes some factors such as motivation, business model, item, owner's experience, sales and demographic by small business owner. Analysis results, the satisfaction of small business that uses support system is shown to be significantly related with education degree, entrepreneur motivation, and business kind is partly related. It will conduct a decision-making governor to help small business owners entered the start-up market and.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.113-120
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• 2016

Technology based would-be entrepreneurs have constantly increased as coming with increasing demands for technology based startup. However, technology based startup need to go through throne field in the preparation and launching process. This paper help technology based would be entrepreneurs recognizing and pivoting all potential fatal flaws covering entrepreneurs to BM with strategies by providing self check-up lists. This paper have developed all check list based upon the previous literature reviews about technology commercialization with carrying Focused Group Interview with mentor and investor involved in the early stage of venture growth. In particular, this paper have applied these tools over 104 participants(would-be entrepreneur and entrepreneurs in the early startup) attending in Hanbat Startup Item Validation Program and Startup Leading University program. This paper developed the mega categories of list as follows: Entrepreneurship, technology and patent, target customer and market, product, BM and strategy. It also developed 17 different concept of components and 58 specific sub-lists under maga list. The research results of paper will provide solid foundation of communication with participants about checking up their state of preparation for startup as applying to mentoring for would-be entrepreneurs and to entrepreneurship education.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.145-157
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• 2022

Climate crisis is one of the most urgent and serious threats to the right to life. As AR picture books are particularly effective for safety education, this study aimed to produce an AR picture book featuring animals that are endangered due to the climate crisis. In order to increase the educational effect and enhance the climate sensitivity, this study developed a children's activity workbook (with follow-up activities) and a teacher's guide (with lesson plans) as a package. To this end, market research and surveys were first conducted. Next, through the management and support of the Korea Institute of Startup & Entrepreneurship Development, this research team produced a climate crisis themed AR picture book package through expert advice, help from outsourcing companies, and field application. The package was promoted through publicity in various forms of media. The contents of the AR-using picture book package of this case study were introduced and then advantages and disadvantages were discussed.

• Journal of Venture Innovation
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.1-21
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• 2022

Entrepreneurship has been emphasized in social and national importance. However, survival rate of domestic startups is relatively low. Therefore, it is urgent to come up with a plan to increase the survival rate by improving the satisfaction level of early start-ups. In this study, we investigated the effect of start-up motivation, start-up competence, and start-up support policies of early start-up companies on start-up satisfaction and the moderating effect of social support. Startup motivation were divided into economic motivation and self-actualization motivation in detail. Start-up competence was divided into experience competency and marketing competency in detail. The start-up support policy was divided into start-up fund support and start-up consulting support. An empirical analysis was conducted by receiving online and offline questionnaires from 250 managers of early start-up companies within 7 years of founding. As a result, economic motivation, self-actualization motivation, experience competency, marketing competency, and start-up fund support had a significant positive (+) effect on start-up satisfaction. However, start-up consulting support did not have a significant effect. In addition, the size of the influence on startup Satisfaction was in the order of self-actualization motivation, experience competency, marketing competency, startup fund support, and economic motivation. The moderating effect of social support was found in economic motivation, self-actualization motivation, and experience competency. However, the moderating effect of marketing competency, start-up fund support, and start-up consulting support was not tested. Through the research results, the academic implications that self-actualization motivation and experience competency are key factors in enhancing start-up satisfaction were suggested. In addition, practical implications were suggested that it is necessary to improve the effectiveness of entrepreneurship education programs and entrepreneurship consulting support systems that can maximize the self-realization and experience capabilities of early entrepreneurs.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.31-44
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• 2020

Accelerators that invest in early startups, as well as nursery and overall management, have recently emerged as "key players" in the startup ecosystem. This can be proved by the case where the number of domestic accelerators registered in the Korean Ministry of SMEs and Startups has recently reached 208. Accelerators provide the necessary education for early-stage companies, including guidance for a certain period of time, and support startups in ways such as demo days to attract subsequent investment after the seed investment. There is not much research in academia about what factors impact on these accelerators when making investment decisions at the time of seed investment. In this study, we checked the meaning and function of the accelerator and tried to analyze what factors affect on accelerators when making a decision to invest in startups. The research method is based on a literature survey of previous studies on investment decision-making factors of venture capital and angel investors, and a lens model and judgment analysis method through empirical research targeting 43 accelerator investment decision-makers. Empirical analysis shows that accelerators have three of the key factors to consider when choosing the first startup to invest and educate; entrepreneurs' entrepreneurial traits, their product and service expertise and a potential return on success. This will provide an opportunity for early startups to gain strategic access to accelerators when they need money or need a structured educational program. Also, the results obtained through this research will be a kind of guideline for startups to attract accelerators' investment. The significance of this study is that discriminatory evidence was presented on the accelerator determinants of investment, and it would be highly suggestive to startups and related public institutions.