• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.15
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• pp.6247-6251
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• 2014

Background: The aim of the present study was to investigate the involvement of emodin on the growth of human breast cancer MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells and the estrogen (E2) signal pathway in vitro. Materials and Methods: MTT assays were used to detect the effects of emodin on E2 induced proliferation of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Flow cytometry (FCM) was applied to determine the effect of emodin on E2-induced apoptosis of MCF-7 cells. Western blotting allowed detection of the effects of emodin on the expression of estrogen receptor ${\alpha}$, cyclin D1 and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and phosphatidylinostiol 3-kinases (PI3K). Luciferase assays were emplyed to assess transcriptional activity of $ER{\alpha}$. Results: Emodin could inhibit E2-induced MCF-7 cell proliferation and anti-apoptosis effects, and arrest the cell cycle in G0/G1 phase, further blocking the effect of E2 on expression and transcriptional activity of $ER{\alpha}$. Moreover, Emodin influenced the ER ${\alpha}$ genomic pathway via downregulation of cyclin D1 and Bcl-2 protein expression, and influenced the non-genomic pathway via decreased PI3K/Akt protein expression. Conclusions: These findings indicate that emodin exerts inhibitory effects on MCF-7 cell proliferation via inhibiting both non-genomic and genomic pathways.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.3195-3199
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• 2014

Inonotus obliquus is a medicinal mushroom that has been used as an effective agent to treat various diseases such as diabetes, tuberculosis and cancer. Inotodiol, an included triterpenoid shows significant anti-tumor effect. However, the mechanisms have not been well documented. In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of inotodiol on proliferation and apoptosis in human cervical cancer HeLa cells and investigated the underlying molecular mechanisms. HeLa cells were treated with different concentrations of inotodiol. The MTT assay was used to evaluate cell proliferating ability, flow cytometry (FCM) was employed for cell cycle analysis and cell apoptosis, while expression of cyclinE, p27, bcl-2 and bax was detected by immunocytochemistry. Proliferation of HeLa cells was inhibited by inotodiolin a dose-dependent manner at 24h (r=0.9999, p<0.01). A sub-$G_1$ peak (apoptotic cells) of HeLa cells was detected after treatment and the apoptosis rate with the concentration and longer incubation time (r=1.0, p<0.01), while the percentage of cells in S phase and $G_2$/M phase decreased significantly. Immunocytochemistry assay showed that the expression of cyclin E and bcl-2 in the treated cells significantly decreased, while the expression of p27 and bax obviously increased, compared with the control group (p<0.05). The results of our research indicate that inotodiol isolated from Inonotus obliquus inhibited the proliferation of HeLa cells and induced apoptosis in vitro. The mechanisms may be related to promoting apoptosis through increasing the expression of bax and cutting bcl-2 and affecting the cell cycle by down-regulation the expression of cyclin E and up-regulation of p27. The results further indicate the potential value of inotodiol for treatment of human cervical cancer.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.310-318
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• 2015

In this paper, dual-port eFuse OTP (one-time programmable) memory cells with smaller cell sizes are used, a single VREF (reference voltage) is used in the designed eFuse OTP IP (intellectual property), and a BL (bit-line) sensing circuit using a S/A (sense amplifier) based D F/F is proposed. With this proposed sensing technique, the read current can be reduced to 3.887mA from 6.399mA. In addition, the sensing resistances of a programmed eFuse cell in the program-verify-read and read mode are also reduced to $9k{\Omega}$ and $5k{\Omega}$ due to the analog sensing. The layout size of the designed 32-bit eFuse OTP memory is $187.845{\mu}m{\times}113.180{\mu}m$ ($=0.0213{\mu}m2$), which is confirmed to be a small-area implementation.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.711-722
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the regenerated bone histollogically using titanium reinforced ePTFE(TR-ePTFE) membrane and to investigate cell occlusiveness, wound stabilization and tissue integration of TR-ePTFE membrane. Adult male rabbits (mean BW 2kg) and TR9W (W.L.Gore&Associate.INC,USA) were used in this study. Intramarrow penetration defects were surgically created with round carbide bur(HP long #6) on calvaria of rabbits. TR-ePTFE membrane was applied to defect. Then guided bone regeneration was carried out using TR-ePTFE membrane and resorbable suture. At 2,4,8,12 weeks after the surgery, animals were sacrificed. Nondecalcified specimens were processed for histologic analysis. The result and conclusion of this study were as follows: 1. TR-ePTFE membrane had good ability of biocompatibility and cell occlusiveness. 2. space making for guided bone regenerayion was good at TR-ePTFE membrane. 3. Tissue integration was not good at TR-ePTFE membrane. So, wound stabilization was not good. 4. At 8 weeks, 12 weeks after GBR procedure, bone formation was seen. From the above results, TR-ePTFE membrane fixed tightiy on alveolar bone might be recommended for the early bone formation.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.4717-4721
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• 2013

Complete surgical resection of the primary tumour is a crucial predictive step for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), because incomplete resection may lead to increase in the recurrence rate. Molecular cancer markers have been investigated as potential predictors of prognosis marker, to identify patients who are at high risk of local recurrence. This retrospective study aimed to determine the prognostic correlation between p53 and eIF4E expression and clinical characteristics, recurrence and overall survival. Forty eight HNSCC patients were selected between 2006 and 2009 diagnosed at the Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia. Out of 48, only those 24 with negative surgical margins with hematoxylin and eosin (HandE) were chosedn for further analysis. A total of 77 surgical margins were obtained and subsequently analysed by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining with monoclonal p53 and polyclonal eIF4E antibodies. Contingency table and ${\chi}^2$-test were used to investigate the correlation between p53 and eIF4E expression and clinical characteristics, recurrence and overall survival of the HNSCC patients. The follow up period was 74 months (range 1-74 months). The Kaplan-Meier method was used to generate recurrence and survival curves. This is a first retrospective study of Northern Territory patients, including Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians. Molecular study of surgical margins could help to identify patients with and without clear margins after surgery and help in choice of the most appropriate adjuvant treatment for HNSCC patients.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.39A no.9
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• pp.548-556
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• 2014

To cope with recently increasing demand for data traffics, heterogeneous networks have been actively studied, where small cells are deployed within a macro cell coverage with the same frequency band. To mitigate the interference from the macro cell to small cells, an enhanced Inter-cell Interference Coordination (eICIC) technique has been proposed, where ABS (Almost Blank Subframe) is used in time domain. However, there is a waste of resource since no data is transmitted in a macro-cell in ABS. In this paper, we propose a new interference management method by using a 3D sector beam based on Active Antenna System (AAS), where Genetic Algorithm (GA) is applied to reduce the antenna gain toward a small-cell. With the proposed scheme, the macro-cell and small cells can transmit data at the same time with the AAS antenna pattern generating reduced interference to small cells. The performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated by using an LTE-Advanced system level simulator.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.171-175
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• 2006

The aim of this in vitro study was to test the effect of microinjection (Mi) of foreign gene into the rabbit egg pronucleus and epidermal growth factor (EGF) addition on the blastocyst rate, the cell number and the diameter of embryos, and to determine possible relationships between embryo cell number and embryo diameter. Blastocyst rate was significantly decreased in gene- Mi (G-Mi/E0) group (63.1%) comparing to intact ones (83.5%, $p_1$<0.05). The addition of EGF at 20ng/ml (G-Mi/E20) or 200 ng/ml (GMi/ E200) to gene-Mi embryos did not affect blastocyst rate (65.6 and 55.2% resp.). As a control for Mi, the eggs were microinjected with the same volume of phosphate-buffered solution (PBS-Mi) instead of the gene construct solution. Cell numbers and embryo diameters were measured from embryo images obtained on confocal laser scanning microscope. Bonferroni-modified LSD test showed that the embryo cell number in PBS-Mi group was significantly lower ($p_1$<0.05) and in gene-Mi group was tended to decrease compared with intact embryos. Embryo diameter was not different among experimental groups. No effect of EGF given at any doses both on the cell number and embryo diameter was found. A positive correlation between cell number and embryo diameter was observed in all groups of embryos. Since embryo diameter was not changed under the influence of Mi or EGF addition in this study, this seems to be more conservative characteristics of the embryo morphology. These results suggest that the pronuclear microinjection compromises developmental potential of embryos, decreasing blastocyst rate and embryo cell number, whilst embryo diameter is not affected. No effects of EGF on studied parameters were confirmed. Declined quality of Mi-derived embryos is caused by the microinjection procedure itself, rather than by the gene construct used.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.263-269
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• 2007

Chitosan is a depolymerized and partially deacetylated derivative of chitin. We investigated the cytotoxicity of chitosan in cancer cell lines, such as P388, L1210, HCT-15, SK-HepG-1 and mouse splenocytes as a normal cell by MTT assay. To clarify whether chitosan enhances cytotoxicity of anticancer drugs, we also examined the cytotoxicity of combined treatment with chitosan and anticancer drugs, such as cisplatin, mitomycin C, and 5-fluorouracil in cancer cell lines in vitro. Chitosan ($37.5\;{\mu}g/mL,\;75\;{\mu}g/mL,\;112.5\;{\mu}g/mL,\;and\;150\;{\mu}g/mL$) showed concentration-dependent cytotoxicity in the cancer cell lines. In addition, chitosan showed relatively lower cytotoxicity in normal cells than in the cancer cell lines. Particularly, this trend was significant at high doses of chitosan, i.e. $112.5\;{\mu}g/mL,\;and\;150\;{\mu}g/mL$. Thus, these results suggest that chitosan may selectively induce the growth inhibition in cancer cell lines, compared to normal cells. Furthermore. the co-treatment of chitosan and anticancer drugs exhibited an apparant synergistic cytotoxicity in murine lymphoma cell lines, i.e. P388 and L1210 at $37.5\;{\mu}g/mL$ of chitosan rather than at $75\;{\mu}g/mL$ of chitosan, but such phenomenon could not be observed in solid tumor cell lines, i.e. HCT-15 and SK-HepG-1. However, chitosan did'nt reduced the cytotoxicity against normal mouse splenocytes induced by anticancer drugs. Therefore, it is concluded that the combination of chitosan and anticancer drugs might be useful for the cancer chemotherapy.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.35-40
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• 1992

The influence of the nature of plasmids on fermentation parameters such as cell growth, cell viability, plasmid stability, and product formation has been investigated using E. coli M5248 and its recombinant derivatives M5248 [pBR322], M5248[pAS1], and M5248[pNKM21]. At a low temperature ($30^\circ{C}$), the cell growth, cell viability, and protein synthesis of the recombinants were nearly identical to those of the host cell. However, at high temperature ($42^\circ{C}$), in which transcription from the P_L$ promoter is derepressed, the recombinant cells showed decreased stability along with lower growth rates and cell viability. The ratio of total protein to cell mass was in the order of E. coli M5248>M5248[pBR322]>M5248[pAS1]>M5248[pNKM21]. It was found that transcription from the $P_L$ promoter adversely affect the plasmid maintenance and host cell metabolism even in the absence of the cloned-gene expression. Furthermore, profiles of ${\beta}$ activity were shown to vary with recombinant strains. E coli M5248[pBR322] showed highest ${\beta}-lactamase$ activity at $30^\circ{C}$, while at $42^\circ{C}\;{\beta}-lactamase$ activity was significantly reduced irrespective of the strains. The effect of the plasmid properties on plasmid-encoded gene expression has been further examined based on the relationship between $\{beta}-lactamase$ activity and plasmid-harboring cell numbers.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.162-167
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• 2009

Various fermented foods were screened in search of food-grade bacteria that produce bacteriocins active against Gram-negative pathogens. An isolate from a mold-ripened cheese presented antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The most active isolate was identified as Lactobacillus casei by a biochemical method, ribotyping, and membrane lipid analysis, and was designated as OSY-LB6A. The cell extracts of the isolate showed inhibition against Escherichia coli p220, E. coli O157, Salmonella enerica serovar Enteritidis, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Listeria monocytogenes. The antibacterial nature of the cell extract from the isolate was confirmed by eliminating the inhibitory effects of acid, hydrogen peroxide, and lytic bacteriophages. The culture supernatant and cell extract retained antibacterial activity after heating at $60{\sim}100^{\circ}C$ for $10{\sim}20$ min. The activity of the cell extract from Lb. casei was eliminated by pronase and lipase. Finally, the cell extract showed a bactericidal mode of action against E. coli in phosphate buffer solution, but it was bacteriostatic in broth medium and food extracts.