• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.73-83
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• 2017

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to explore the CSR activities of small enterprises in hospitality and tourism industry in South Korea. Since previous research on CSR activities has considerably focused on large enterprises whereas small enterprises have relatively less attention, this study aims to explore the characteristics of small enterprises in hospitality and tourism industry and their CSR activities. Research design, data, and methodology - The population of interest for this study was social enterprises registered in Korea Social Enterprise Promotion Agency (2016), and it was used to verify the social enterprises which has a certification for social enterprises. From 1672 companies in total, the sampling frame was a database with 117 companies in hospitality and tourism industry. This study investigates social enterprises' CSR activities on the company's official websites (e.g., company reports, magazines, the news articles, and interviews). The websites of the selected enterprises in hospitality and tourism industry were analyzed for examining CSR activities by the quantitative content analysis. All of the CSR activities in small social enterprises were classified into six dimensions based on the stakeholder theory. Results - The findings of this study provide the characteristics of the 117 small social enterprises and their specific CSR initiatives. A total of eight main business lines were identified: 1) fair travel, 2) leisure/sports, 3) accommodation/camping, 4) medical tourism, 5) exhibitions/art events/cultural events, 6) leisure activities for vulnerable social groups, 7) Korean traditional culture, and 8) ecotourism/agricultural tourism. The CSR initiatives were classified into six dimensions: 1) environment, 2) employment, 3) multicultural families and vulnerable social groups, 4) local community, 5) economic prosperity, and 6) product. Conclusions - This study revealed the special CSR initiative examples of small enterprises in hospitality and tourism industry. Small social enterprises participate in CSR activities mainly related to their own business lines. Moreover, these enterprises are more closely embedded in their local community development, job creation and education for local residents and vulnerable social groups, and traditional heritage preservation. The findings of this study provide theoretical and practical implications and they can contribute to enrich CSR with literature for small enterprises in hospitality and tourism industry.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.149-157
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• 2012

This article aims to identify the selection attributes for developing korean-style industrial tourism. Evaluating attributes is the most important stage in consumer decision-making process and culture has a significant influence on this stage. This study is to analyze in the evaluation of selection attributes with the theory of industrial tourism and come up with developing tourism. a survey was conducted to the staff of travel agency in korea. Through factor analysis and multiple regression analysis, authors identified five factors(i.e. business, conveniences, tourism attraction, hospitality, property) were amenable to the industrial tourism, found that the most important attributes had the strongest influence on satisfaction level. According to the results of this study, author suggests that nationality of industrial tourism have an effect on evaluating selection attributes of the korean-style industrial tourism. therefore, nationality could be the basis of target marketing strategy.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.57-85
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• 2004

To develop an blue tourism website(BTW) for electronic commerce(EC), information requirements of BTW are defined firstly. We defined information requirements of BTW from two aspects, i.e., front office and back office. Information requirements for front office were derived by consumer purchasing decision process. And information requirements for back office were derived by tourism value chain. Total 29 functions are identified as critical EC related functions of BTW. Among them, 25 functions were investigated into BTW. BTWs were searched by search engines - Yahoo and Empas - to Korean websites. There are 12 specialized BTWs, except one cyber museum website. For 12 websites, 25 functions were probed. By the results, in need recognition stage of blue tourism, only weather information was provided in most websites. In information search stage of blue tourism, package recommendation and various contents were provided in most websites. In consumption stage of blue tourism, traffic information were provided in most websites. And in after - sales service stage of blue tourism, bulletin board function was implemented in most websites. The rest of the functions were scarcely implemented. On the whole, it was concluded that most EC related functions of BTW in Korea were not implemented properly. To improve the status quo, it is expected in the dimension of individual website, that marketing planning, customized service, intelligent service, reinforcing purchasing assistance functions, customer relationship management, and escrow service etc. need to be implemented. And it is expected in the dimension of blue tourism industry, that standardizing product catalog, security assistance policy, information sharing by industrial database, finding referral model of BTW, elevating information mind, revising related laws etc. are needed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.59-66
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• 2020

In this study, we consider the problem of forecasting the number of inbound foreigners visiting Korea. Forecasting tourism demand is an essential decision to plan related facilities and staffs, thus many studies have been carried out, mainly focusing on the number of inbound or outbound tourists. In order to forecast tourism demand, we use a seasonal ARIMA (SARIMA) model, as well as a SARIMAX model which additionally comprises an exogenous variable affecting the dependent variable, i.e., tourism demand. For constructing the forecasting model, we use a search procedure that can be used to determine the values of the orders of the SARIMA and SARIMAX. For the exogenous variable, we introduce factors that could cause the tourism demand reduction, such as the 9/11 attack, the SARS and MERS epidemic, and the deployment of THAAD. In this study, we propose a procedure, called Measuring Impact on Demand (MID), where the impact of each factor on tourism demand is measured and the value of the exogenous variable corresponding to the factor is determined based on the measurement. To show the performance of the proposed forecasting method, an empirical analysis was conducted where the monthly number of foreign visitors in 2019 were forecasted. It was shown that the proposed method can find more accurate forecasts than other benchmarks in terms of the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE).

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.141-151
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• 2023

Purpose - This study aims to determine whether four characteristics of tourism content on YouTube (i.e., entertainment; credibility; diversity; and informativeness) influence tourists' destination choices. Design/methodology/approach - A total of 201 Koreans and Mongolians who use YouTube were surveyed in the research. Validity and reliability, correlation, and regression analyze were performed in SPSS 29.0. Findings - As a result of the study, it was found that the features of YouTube tourism content, such as entertainment, credibility, and diversity, have a positive effect on tourists' choice of destination. Also, it was found that there is no difference in the perception of tourism content features between Korean and Mongolian YouTube users and it is not statistically significant. Research implications or Originality - Tourists' YouTube content shows that YouTube features such as entertainment, variety, and trustworthiness, influencing tourists' travel destination choices. The limitations of this study and suggestions for future research were discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.997-1007
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• 2010

This study examines the role of consumer perception of social presence in e-tailing websites. The study proposes that the perception of social presence influences the variables that are important for e-tailers to build a relationship with consumers, which are the attitudes of consumers toward an e-tailer and patronage intentions toward the e-tailer. This study hypothesizes that the attitudes of consumers are influenced by individual perceptions of social presence that guide their patronage intentions. Consumer trust and their affective states are hypothesized to serve as mediators in the relationship between consumer perception of social presence and the attitudes toward an e-tailer. Sixty-one female students were used to test the proposed model. The findings from regression and mediation analyses supported all hypotheses, suggesting that the perception of social presence plays a significant role in consumer shopping habits for apparel: consumer perception of social presence influences consumer trust and affective states that modify attitudes toward an e-tailer and consumer patronage intentions. The theoretical and managerial implications for apparel e-tailers are discussed.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.179-210
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• 2015

Despite the increasing adoption of gamification and its huge potential in tourism, research in gamification is still limited. As preliminary findings show that the effectiveness of gamification depends on the context of its application and the players' use of the gamified app, this paper fills in these gaps: by exploring and analysing the application of gamification in a specific e-commerce tourism context; and assessing the gamification's effectiveness by measuring the players' gamification usage and the latter's behavioural and psychological outcomes. The gamified TripAdvisor website and its Facebook enabled gamification app are used as the specific context of the study. Findings from a survey conducted on TripAdvisor users provide useful practical and theoretical implications to gamification designers and researchers alike on how game mechanics can be designed for enhancing the users' motivation, flow, task involvement and engagement with the 'play' tasks, and so, increasing the gamification's effectiveness.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.61 no.5
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• pp.57-68
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• 2019

Rural tourism has been identified as providing opportunities to revitalize the rural economies since early 2000s. During last decade in South Korea, government has enacted many policies aiming to establish tourism support programs as well as instigating activities between rural and nearby urban districts. In particular, the promotion of the rural tourism has been actively sought in various forms of products and services, such as green tourism village, village festival, one-company one-village campaign and etc. However, in order to prepare effective policies, it is very crucial to identify measureable evaluation criteria that can be used to assess socio-economic situations of the rural districts. Such criteria should be objective, timely and provide insights about living conditions of local residents and relevant properties. They can also be used to evaluate if progress is being made after the policies are implemented. While considerable efforts and resources have been invested to aid the tourism programs in South Korea, we still lack such systematic means to quantify and evaluate its impact on rural districts. In this work, we have applied regional deprivation analysis on well-established community experiential and recreational business in rural villages throughout the country based on three criteria (i.e., population, local commerce, and buildings). Surprisingly, the result shows that the implementation of the community experiential and recreational businesses did not bring any noticeable changes to at least one of the evaluation criteria. We concluded that the current government policies on revitalization of rural tourism at the village scale is insufficient for bringing meaningful socio-economic impacts to rural districts, with rare exceptions.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.11
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• pp.381-391
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• 2020

This research article investigates the way eWOM in social media influences the formation of destination image through development of trust and satisfaction for the potential tourist. The research involved administering an 18-point questionnaire taking online reviews, tourist involvement, and eWOM, destination image components of trust and satisfaction as variables. Data was collected from 554 individuals forming a cross-section of social media users and analyzed using multi-variate techniques (Reliability, CFA, and SEM). Results indicate a positive and significant relationship between all except online review and destination trust and satisfaction. Indirect and direct effects indicate that eWOM fully mediates the relationship between destination satisfaction and involvement and partially mediates the relationship between destination trust and involvement. In the case of online reviews, eWOM acts as a full mediator between destination trust and destination satisfaction for the future traveler using social media. The study proposes that components of image vary depending upon the degree of involvement, volume online reviews and eWOM generated also termed as 'virality' and these in turn influence the intention to revisit or recommend a destination. The study highlights its utility for National Tourist Organizations (NTOs) and online travel intermediaries to enhance destination marketing efforts.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.359-381
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• 2019

Social networking services (SNSs) have become important and popular tools for not only presenting self-image but also sharing travel information. This study adopted self-image expressions to understand tourists' intentions to share travel information and behavioral changes in SNSs. To enhance understanding tourists' intention and behavior, the current study suggests a research model based on motivations for self-image expression (i.e., creativity, altruism and social relationship). This current study empirically resulted in the importance of users' creativity, altruism and social relationship in SNS, which leads to the intention and behavioral changes to share travel information. In addition, altruism moderated the negative effect of creativity on self-image expression as well as the positive effect of the social relationship on self-image expression. Based on the result of this study, the current study bears some implications in a theoretical and practical context.