• Coupled systems mechanics
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.79-102
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• 2021

In this paper we deal with instability problems of structures under nonconservative loading. It is shown that such class of problems should be analyzed in dynamics framework. Next to analytic solutions, provided for several simple problems, we show how to obtain the numerical solutions to more complex problems in efficient manner by using the finite element method. In particular, the numerical solution is obtained by using a modified Euler-Bernoulli beam finite element that includes the von Karman (virtual) strain in order to capture linearized instabilities (or Euler buckling). We next generalize the numerical solution to instability problems that include shear deformation by using the Timoshenko beam finite element. The proposed numerical beam models are validated against the corresponding analytic solutions.

• 한국벤처창업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국벤처창업학회 2022년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.157-161
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• 2022

Building on the DC interaction model between a parent company and its spin-offs, we examine that a dyadic relationship can be differentiated within the functions of space, motivation, and time. We investigate that these three factors encompassing the parent-spin-off DC relationship can be applicable to both linear(i.e., geographic proximity and low spin-off CEO's salary is positive) and nonlinear(i.e., too much frequency of new spin-off creation is as harmful as too little) effects on determining the performance of spin-off firms. The direction of causality is underpinned by social capital, human capital, and compensation-activation theory rather than by the normal consequences of previous empirical research. Further, our results suggest the overlap between DC and entrepreneurship; namely, spin-off firms create, learn, and exploit opportunities through a reconfiguration of parent DC so that DC establishes itself as a key concept in the entrepreneurship domain.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.1145-1155
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to explore the concept spirituality and to gain understanding of nursing intervention that may improve spiritual well-being. The concept analysis framework developed by Walker and Avant (1995) was used to clarify the concept. In the study, 'Harmonious interconnectedness', 'Transcendence', 'Integrative Energy' and 'Purpose and Meaning in Life' emerged as the critical attributes of spirituality. The first attribute, 'harmonious Inter- connectedness', has three categories including intrapersonal, (self), interpersonal (others/ nature) and transpersonal (the Supreme Being). The second attribute, 'Transcendence', is defined as the ability to extend one's own self beyond the limits of usual experiences and to achieve new perspectives. This attribute is demonstrated by 'coping with situations', to 'self-healing', and 'transformation'. The third attribute of spirituality is 'Integrative Energy', which integrates all dimensions and acts as a creative and dynamic force that keeps a person growing and changing. 'Integrative Energy is also defined as an inner resource that gives a sense of empowerment. Therefore the highly spiritual person demonstrate 'inner peace', 'growing', 'inner strength,' and 'well-being'. The fourth attribute 'Purpose and Meaning in Life' represents a sense of connectedness with one's inner values and with a greater purpose in life. It is demonstrated by 'hope' and 'a powerful life'. In this study, the antecedents of the spirituality represented as 'spirit' and its potential enablers were 'Introspection/reflection', 'Interconnectedness with all living things', and an 'Awareness of a Higher-Power'. The consequences of this concept may be described as 'physical, psychosocial, and spiritual well-being'. Empirical referents of this are 'purposeful life' 'self-worth' 'hope' 'love' 'service' 'forgiveness' 'trust/belief' 'inner peace' 'self-actualization' 'religious practices' 'transformation' 'inner strength' and 'coping'. In conclusion, spirituality can be defined based on these critical attributes. Spirituality is a dynamic, integrative energy based on a feeling of harmonious interconnection with self, others and a higher power. Through it, one is enabled to transcend and to live with meaning and purpose in life.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.45-57
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• 2020

This paper presents the experimental application of a new method for seismic vulnerability assessment of buildings recently introduced in literature, the SMAV (Seismic Model Ambient Vibration) methodology with reference to their operational limit state. The importance of this kind of evaluation arises from the civil protection necessity that some buildings, considered strategic for seismic emergency management, should retain their functionality also after a destructive earthquake. They do not suffer such damage as to compromise the operation within a framework of assessment of the overall capacity of the urban system. To this end, for the characterization of their operational vulnerability, a Structural Operational Index (IOPS) has been considered. In particular, the dynamic environmental vibrations of the two considered strategic buildings, the fire station and the town hall building of a small town in the South of Italy, have been monitored by positioning accelerometers in well-defined points. These measurements were processed through modern Operational Modal Analysis techniques (OMA) in order to identify natural frequencies and modal shapes. Once these parameters have been determined, the structural operational efficiency index of the buildings has been determined evaluating the seismic vulnerability of the strategic structures analyzed. his study aimed to develop a model to accurately predict the acceleration of structural systems during an earthquake.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.33-42
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• 2016

Pin은 프로그램 동적 분석 도구를 생성할 수 있는 프레임워크로, 리눅스와 윈도우에서 사용자 영역의 프로그램 분석을 수행할 수 있게 한다. 역공학 방지 프로그램이나 악성코드는 프로그램 분석을 방해하는 안티디버깅이 적용되어 있기 때문에 Pin을 사용한 분석이 어렵다. 본 논문에서는 Pin을 이용해서 프로그램에 적용된 안티디버깅을 우회하여 동적 분석을 진행할 수 있는 Pin 플러그인 프로그램을 설계한 내용과 구현한 내용을 제안한다. Pin 탐지 안티디버깅을 우회할 수 있는 각각의 Pin 코드를 작성하고, Pin 코드를 하나로 합쳐 여러 안티디버깅을 우회할 수 있는 Pin 도구를 구현한다. 구현된 Pin 도구는 안티디버깅을 지원하는 프로텍터로 생성한 파일로 안티디버깅 우회 실험을 진행한다. 본 기법은 추후에 발견되는 안티디버깅 우회 코드 작성의 참고자료가 될 것이고 발견된 안티디버깅에 맞춰 수정 후 추가 적용이 가능할 것으로 예상된다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.215-227
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• 2018

Supplemental passive control devices are widely considered as an important tool to mitigate the dynamic response of a building under seismic excitation. Nevertheless, a systematic method for strategically placing dampers in the buildings is not prescribed in building codes and guidelines. Many deterministic and stochastic methods have been proposed by previous researchers to investigate the optimum distribution of the viscous dampers in the steel frames. However, the seismic performances of the retrofitted buildings that are under large earthquake intensity levels or near collapse state have not been evaluated by any seismic research. Recent years, an increasing number of studies utilize genetic algorithms (GA) to explore the complex engineering optimization problems. GA interfaced with nonlinear response history (NRH) analysis is considered as one of the most powerful and popular stochastic methods to deal with the nonlinear optimization problem of damper distribution. In this paper, the effectiveness and the efficiency of GA on optimizing damper distribution are first evaluated by strong ground motions associated with the collapse failure. A practical optimization framework using GA and NRH analysis is proposed for optimizing the distribution of the fluid viscous dampers within the moment resisting frames (MRF) regarding the improvements of large drifts under intensive seismic context. Both a 10-storey and a 20-storey building are involved to explore higher mode effect. A far-fault and a near-fault earthquake environment are also considered for the frames under different seismic intensity levels. To evaluate the improvements obtained from the GA optimization regarding the collapse performance of the buildings, Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA) is conducted and comparisons are made between the GA damper distribution and stiffness proportional damping distribution on the collapse probability of the retrofitted frames.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.1225-1234
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• 2019

임베디드 디바이스의 대중화로 인해 펌웨어의 보안은 더욱 중요해지고 있다. 유무선 공유기와 같은 네트워크 장비는 내재된 펌웨어의 웹 인터페이스 취약점을 통해 외부의 공격자로부터 피해를 받을 수 있기 때문에 빠르게 찾아내어 제거해야 한다. 이전 연구인 Firmadyne 프레임워크는 펌웨어를 에뮬레이션 한 뒤 취약점을 찾아내기 위한 동적 분석 방법을 제안한다. 그러나 이는 도구에서 정의된 분석 방법대로만 취약점 점검을 수행하므로 찾을 수 있는 취약점의 범위가 한정되어 있다. 본 논문에서는 소프트웨어 보안 테스트 기술 중 하나인 퍼징을 통해 에뮬레이션 기반 환경에서의 퍼징 테스트를 수행한다. 또한 효율적인 에뮬레이션 기반 퍼징을 위해 Fabfuzz 도구를 제안한다. 실험을 통해 확인한 결과 기존 도구에서 식별했던 취약점뿐만 아니라 다른 유형의 취약점도 발견할 수 있다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SP
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.13-22
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• 2004

비디오 시퀀스는 일반적으로 다양한 움직임을 가지는 객체들로 구성되어 있기 때문에, 움직임 특징은 비디오 검색 등에서 매우 중요한 역할을 한다. 본 논문에서는 MPEG 압축 영상에서의 움직임 벡터를 비디오 영상의 움직임 표현 서술자로 활용하는 새로운 방법이 제안된다. 즉, 압축 영상에서의 다양한 움직임 벡터를 프레임이나 매크로블록 예측 구조에 관계없이 단일 움직임 방향만을 갖도록 하여, 이것을 해당 영상의 서술자로 활용한다. 이를 위하여, 본 논문에서는 양방향 예측 구조를 이용한 벡터 재해석 기법을 제안한다. 보통, 압축 영역에서의 각 프레임 움직임 해석 시, 움직임 벡터가 없는 I 프레임과 그 외 프레임들의 직접 비교는 불가능하지만, 제안 기법은 1, B, p 프레임 등의 모든 프레임에서 동등하게 벡터 해석을 할 수 있게 한다. 제안된 알고리즘은 압축 영상의 전체 복원과정 없이 매크로 블록 영역 상에서 처리함으로써 시간 손실을 줄이고 있으며, 실험 결과는 제안된 방법의 높은 성능을 잘 나타내어 주고 있다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.283-300
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• 2009

The characteristic response of a structure to blast load may be divided into two distinctive phases, namely the direct blast response during which the shock wave effect and localized damage take place, and the post-blast phase whereby progressive collapse may occur. A reliable post-blast analysis depends on a sound understanding of the direct blast effect. Because of the complex loading environment and the stress wave effects, the analysis on the direct effect often necessitates a high fidelity numerical model with coupled fluid (air) and solid subdomains. In such a modelling framework, an appropriate representation of the blast load and the high nonlinearity of the material response is a key to a reliable outcome. This paper presents a series of calibration study on these two important modelling considerations in a coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian framework using a hydrocode. The calibration of the simulated blast load is carried out for both free air and internal explosions. The simulation of the extreme dynamic response of concrete components is achieved using an advanced concrete damage model in conjunction with an element erosion scheme. Validation simulations are conducted for two representative scenarios; one involves a concrete slab under internal blast, and the other with a RC column under air blast, with a particular focus on the simulation sensitivity to the mesh size and the erosion criterion.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.569-581
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• 2017

The Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) based seismic fragility analysis (SFA) approach allows defining more realistic relationship between failure probability and seismic intensity. However, the approach requires simulating large number of nonlinear dynamic analyses of structure for reliable estimate of fragility. It makes the approach computationally challenging. The response surface method (RSM) based metamodeling approach which replaces computationally involve complex mechanical model of a structure is found to be a viable alternative in this regard. An adaptive moving least squares method (MLSM) based RSM in the MCS framework is explored in the present study for efficient SFA of existing structures. In doing so, the repetition of seismic intensity for complete generation of fragility curve is avoided by including this as one of the predictors in the response estimate model. The proposed procedure is elucidated by considering a non-linear SDOF system and an existing reinforced concrete frame considered to be located in the Guwahati City of the Northeast region of India. The fragility results are obtained by the usual least squares based and the proposed MLSM based RSM and compared with that of obtained by the direct MCS technique to study the effectiveness of the proposed approach.